PURPOSE: To characterize PTEN gene alterations and their expressions during the development of osteosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the pattern of deletion, mutation and expression of PTEN in normal bone tissues, tumor samples of 22 patients of osteosarcoma, and 4 osteosarcoma cell lines (HOS, U2-OS, MG-63 and Saos-2). The tissue was analyzed for deletion and mutational inactivation of PTEN by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and direct sequence analysis, and examined for abnormalities in expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In this study, neither mutation nor deletion of PTEN was found. Expression of PTEN protein was increased, without deletion or mutation of the PTEN gene, in 22 patients of osteosarcoma and in 4 osteosarcoma cell lines. Nuclear staining was more intense than the cytoplasmic staining in normal bone tissues and osteosarcoma cell lines, but in osteosarcoma tissues PTEN was expressed mainly in the cyto-plasm. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that abnormal expressions of PTEN by differential compartmentalization may play a role in the development and progression of osteosarcoma, instead of genetic alterations of PTEN.
Bone and Bones ; Cell Line ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Osteosarcoma* ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Sequence Analysis

Objective: To elucidate the expression levels of key immune biomarkers, phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and programmed cell death protein1(PD-1),of different immune tolerance pathway in classic Hodgkin's lymphoma (CHL) to further determine their clinical role and prognostic significance. Methods: The clinical features and prognostic factors of 56 CHL patients, who were admitted to the TianJin Medical University Cancer Institute from February 2003 to August 2013, were retrospectively analyzed. PTEN and PD-1 protein expression levels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER) was performed by in situ hybridization assay. Correlations between the expression of biomarkers and clinicopathologic parameters were examined and survival analyses were performed. Results: This cohort of 56 CHL patients included 34 males and 22 females with a median age of 25 years (ranged from 7 to 71 years). In a univariate analysis, age≥45, IPS score >2, EBER positive, high expression of PTEN protein conferred inferior 5-year OS and 5-year PFS; In a multivariate model, age≥45, IPS score >2, EBER positive, high expression of PTEN protein were identified as the independent adverse prognostic factors for CHL. Conclusions: This study suggested for the first time that PTEN was independent prognostic immune biomarkers in CHL, which provided the novel therapeutic strategy of immune therapy for CHL.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/analysis* ; Prognosis ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/analysis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression and clinical pathological significance of EB virus (Epstein-Barr virus, EBV), PTEN and VEGF in angioimmunoblastic T -cell lymphoma (AITL).

METHODSThe EBV -encoded small RNA (EBER) expression in 21 cases of AITL was detected by in situ hybridization. The expressions of PTEN and VEGF were detected in 21 cases of AITL and 20 cases of lymph node reactive hyperplasia by immunohistochemical EnVision two-steps method. The expression and clinicopathological significance of EBV, PTEN and VEGF in AITL were analyzed.

RESULTSThe positive expression rate of EBER in 21 cases of AITL was 61.9%; the expressions of PTEN and VEGF in AITL and lymph node reactive hyperplasia were significantly different (P<0.05). The expressions of EBER and PTEN negatively correlated (P<0.05). The EBER positive expression rates of male patients in AITL group and the progressed group was 80% and 78.6% respectively, which were significantly higher than that in female patients and patients in non- advanced group (P<0.05); the PTEN expression rates in the AITL group accompanying B symptoms and progressed group were 31.3% and 21.4%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in patients without B symptoms and non-progressed group (P<0.05). Survival analysis showed that the PTEN expression negatively correlated with the overall survival rate of patients (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONEBV infection and low expression of PTEN may indicate the deterioration of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Whether the EBV involved in the ocurring of T-cell angioimmunoblastic lymphoma by down-regulating PTEN expression is unclear, further research is needed.

Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Male ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

OBJECTIVETo construct the recombinant adenovirus expression vector of a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) gene for gene therapy of ischemic cerebral injury.

METHODSThe U6 expression promoter and shRNA of pGenesil-1-shRNA, which was constructed and identified in our previous experiment, were subcloned to pAdTrack shuttle plasmid. The product pAdTrack-U6-shRNA was linearized by PmeI for homologous recombination with pAdEasy-1 in pAdEasy-1 competence bacteria. The positive clone was identified by enzyme digestion, PCR analysis and DNA sequence analysis. After linearization by PacI, the recombinant adenovirus DNA shuttle plasmid pAdEasy-U6-shRNA was transfected into 293 cells for packaging and amplification of Ad-U6-shRNA, which was further identified by PCR analysis and DNA sequence analysis. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of PTEN protein in the hippocampal neurons infected with the adenovirus.

RESULTSThe pAdTrack-U6-shRNA and pAd-U6-shRNA plasmids had been successfully constructed as verified by PCR analysis, enzyme digestion and DNA sequence analysis. PCR analysis and DNA sequence analysis confirmed successful packaging of the recombinant adenovirus Ad-U6-shRNA in 293 cells. PTEN protein expression decreased significantly in the hippocampal neurons after infection by the recombinant virus.

CONCLUSIONWe have successfully constructed the recombinant adenovirus Ad-U6-shRNA targeting PTEN gene, which provides a basis for investigating the role of PTEN in neuroprotection after cerebral ischemic injury using RNA interference.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

This study was aimed to investigate the expression of biomarkers (PTEN, mTOR, NF-kB, CD44, PI3K) related with bone marrow cells in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of PTEN, mTOR, NF-kB, CD44, PI3K in 20 patients. The AML patients were divided into remission group and non-remission group after calculating the percentage of leukemia cells in bone marrow. The results showed that by optical microscopy, the positive expression rates of PTEN, mTOR, NF-kB, CD44 and PI3K in remission group were 33.3%, 33.3%, 77.8%, 22.2%, 0, respectively; meanwhile, in non-remission group, the positive expression rates of above-menthioned biomarkers were 63.6%, 18.2, 90.9, 63.6%, 0, respectively. The percentage and mean OD for PTEN and CD44 were statistically different between the two groups (P < 0.05), but for mTOR, NF-kB and PI3K were not statistically differenly (P > 0.05). It is concluded that the high expression of PTEN and CD44 can be regarded as an important index for diagnosis and prognosis in acute myelogenous leukemia.
Biomarkers ; analysis ; Bone Marrow Cells ; chemistry ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; NF-kappa B ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Prognosis ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the profile and potential significance of PTEN and NBS1 mutations among patients with familial or at early onset breast cancer in Hunan province.
 METHODS: A total of 131 breast cancer patients with familial history or suffered from breast cancer at the age of less than 35 years old were included in this study. A comprehensive phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and nibrin (NBS1) mutation analysis was performed through denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and subsequent DNA direct sequencing.
 RESULTS: Among 131 patients, a reported mutation IVS4+109insTCTTA in PTEN gene were identified in two patients. The mutation frequency of IVS4+109insTCTTA was 1.15%. Two mutations in PTEN gene, 225 A>C (Thr 160 Pro) and IVS5+13T>C, was firstly discovered. Another reported missense mutation was rs121909229 G>A (Arg 130 Gln). Three mutations were detected in NBS1 gene, of which IVS6+43A>G and IVS6+127A>G were firstly discovered and another reported synonymous mutations was rs1805794 G>C (Glu 185 Gln).
 CONCLUSION The novel mutations in PTEN and NBS1 might be specific to the familial and early-onset breast cancer of Chinese Hunan population.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; China ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; genetics

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; analysis ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; analysis ; Male ; Neoplasm Proteins ; analysis ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; analysis ; Retinal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Retinoblastoma ; drug therapy ; Topoisomerase I Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Topotecan ; pharmacology

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; cytology ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; genetics ; physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Transduction, Genetic ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosometen ten (PTEN) protein, a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer and its correlation with p27(kip1) and cyclin D1 expression.

METHODSPTEN protein expression, p27(kip1) and cyclin D1 protein expression were detected by immunohistochemical method in paraffin sections from 61 women with primary breast cancer. PTEN protein expression was compared with clinico-pathologic parameters as related to p27(kip1) and cyclin D1.

RESULTSPTEN, being shown in the cytoplasm, was negative in 6.6% (4/61), reduced in 41.0% (25/61) and positive in 52.5% (32/61) samples. PTEN expression level was correlated with axillary lymph node status, loss of estrogen receptor stain, recurrence and metastasis. On univariate analysis, the disease-free survival rate of patients with higher PTEN expression (> 50% cells stained) was better than those with lower expression (P = 0.0101). However, there was no correlation between p27(kip1), cyclin D1 expression or PTEN expression.

CONCLUSIONPTEN, its lower expression being correlated with poor outcome of breast cancer patients, plays a prominent role in breast cancer. p27(kip1) or cyclin D1 may not be the primary downstream genes of PTEN in breast cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; chemistry ; mortality ; pathology ; Cyclin D1 ; analysis ; physiology ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; analysis ; physiology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; analysis ; physiology ; Prognosis

Cowden syndrome is an uncommon, autosomal dominant disease which is characterized by multiple hamartomas of the skin, mucous membrane, brain, breast, thyroid, and gastrointestinal tract. The diagnosis of Cowden syndrome implicates an increased risk of developing breast cancer. We report a case of a 22-year-old woman with Cowden syndrome that presented as breast cancer with concomitant bilateral exuberant benign masses in both breasts.
Arteriovenous Malformations/radiography ; Breast Neoplasms/*complications/*diagnosis/ultrasonography ; DNA/analysis ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple/*complications/*diagnosis/genetics/ultrasonography ; Humans ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics ; Thyroid Neoplasms/radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult