A comparative study on photodynamic effects of photocarcinorin (PsD-007) and photofrin II on human cancer cells was under taken.The results show that the photo-dynamic effects of PsD-007 on human liver cancer cells SMMC-7721 and human gastric cancer cells NGCC-8310 were slightly better than or at least the same as those of photofrin Ⅱ after treatment with the same dosage of the two photosensiti-' zers and light.This experiment suggests that the photodynamic effects of killing human cancer cells increase with light dose within a given dosage of the photosensi-tizers,while within a certain dosage of the photosensitizers and light radiation,they increase with the dosage of the two photosensitizers.

Objective To isolate and identify the photoreceptor precursor cells isolated from newborn mouse retina. Methods Fourteen newborn littermate mice were randomly divided into seven groups (P1-P7,2 each). The retinal cells were isolated from the newborn mice on postnatal 1-7d respectively,and then cultured in vitro. The cellular growth state was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. After in vitro expansion,5-bromo-2-deoxy-uridine (BrdU),neuroepithelial stem protein (Nestin),neural retina leucine zipper (Nrl) and Opsin in cultured cells were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques. Results Most of retinal cells isolated from the seven groups (P1-P7) of newborn mice proliferated and adhered to the plate in the particular medium. Most of the growing cells were BrdU-positive cells. A part of the cells could express neural stem cell specific antigen-Nestin,the positive expression rate of Nestin in the seven groups (P1-P7) were 31.0%,31.6%,32.3%,30.2%,31.2%,30.9% and 29.5%,respectively,with no significant difference. Some growing cells expressed Nrl,and the expression of Nrl was increased significantly on the third day after birth,and then increased in small range,the positive expression rate of Nrl in the seven groups (P1-P7) were 20.6%,35.2%,65.5%,68.6%,71.6%,73.0% and 73.3%,respectively. The positive expression of Opsin was found only in a few cells of P5-P7,while the cells in groups P1-P4 did not express Opsin. Conclusions The photoreceptor precursor cells are presented in neonatal mouse retina. They have the ability of proliferation and may differentiate into retinal photoreceptor cells,having a potentiality of expressing Opsin. The photoreceptor precursor cells are increased significantly on the third day after birth,and then differentiate into mature retinal photoreceptor cells gradually.

An intemationlly recognized systematic and preventive approach to food safety, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points(HACCP) is scientific, simple, convenient and practical. An effective way to improve managerial efficiency and the quality of nutritional meals and to enhance patient satisfaction is to use the principles of HACCP in the following aspects: conducting quality control of nutritional meals in hospitals and determining a scientific and rational process flow; analyzing marked hazards affecting the safety of nutritional meads; proposing preventive measures; estabhshing critical control points; and specifying how to establish a threshold of, monitor, set right, verify and record the critical control points.

Objective:To study the impacts of malocclusion on the oral health-related quality of life(OHRQoL) of children.Methods:The study sample comprised 118 children seeking orthodontic treatment.Each participant of the children and parents was assessed by the orthodontic treatment need and OHRQoL using the index of orthodontic treatment need and Michigan-OHRQoL.Results:The objective impacts of the teeth to parents and children were consistent;parents evaluated higher than the children themselves in the subjective impacts of their teeth.The impacts were more influential on the children whose parents with higher income and the parents with higher education.Conclusion:Malocclusion affects the oral health related quality of life evaluated by both the children and their parents.

Iatrogenic bile duct injuries (BDIs) and subsequent benign biliary stricture is a medical catastrophe which is associated with significant perioperative morbidity and mortality,reduced long-term survival rate and poor quality of life.For most major BDIs (Strasberg classification E1-E4),the recommended method of repair is hepaticojejunostomy (HJ).We conducted a retrospective review aiming to examine the surgical technique of high HJ at our institution.This review highlights 4 aspects in the operation which include the hepatoduodenal ligament exposure,hepatic artery and its branches protection,exposing the intrahepatic bile duct above the stricture plane,and HJ techniques.Overall,the optimal long-term result of surgical management depends on the availability of experienced hepatobiliary surgeons and a considerable large HJ anastomosis above the stricture.

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma remains a formi-dable challenge to hepatopancreatobiliary surgeons since the reported resection of a primary cancer originating at the hepatic duct confluence by Brown and Myers in 1954. Emerging evidence has indicated that aggressive surgery with a curative resection offers a better option for long-term survival compared with conservative therapy. Liver transplantation has also been considered as a management opportunity for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. However, the survival rate has been poor due to the high proportion of disease recurrence. This review highlights recent techniques in hilar cholangiocarcinoma resec-tion, with special attention to the management of the resection margin, clinical skills of liver resection, lymph node clearance, and portal vein or hepatic artery resection or reconstruction. In addition, technical advances have been proposed in hepatopan-creatoduodenectomy and liver transplantation for hilar cholangio-carcinoma treatment. In the current hepatic procedures, promis-ing survival outcomes have been obtained in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, exhibiting a decreased operative mortality and a steady improvement in long-term survival. Overall, the correct clinical strategy and appropriate surgical techniques may provide an increased chance to cure patients with hilar cholan-giocarcinoma.

Objective To observe the effect of Tanggankang on the expression of CREB in diabetic-fatty liver rats;To investigate the mechanism of Tanggankang. Methods STZ and feeding high fat forage induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into model group, Huganning group, Tanggankang high dose group, Tanggankang medium dose group, Tanggankang low dose group, 10 rats in each group, with 10 normal rats as control. After 12 weeks of drug intervention, rats were killed, the livers were removed, and the expression of CREB was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with normal group, the level of CREB of model group was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with model group, Tanggankang low, medium and high dose group significantly decreased the level of CREB (P<0.01). Conclusion Tanggankang may play an active role in glucose and lipid metabolism by affecting the expression of CREB.

Objective To investigate the effects of silymarin on expressions of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-?B) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in the kidneys of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)-induced renal fibrosis.Methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated group(n=24),operated group(n=24) and silymarin treated group(n=24).Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis model was established via UUO.Silymarin was given by gavage with 30 mg/(kg?d) in silymarin treated group,and the same volume normal saline was given by gavage in operated group and sham-operated group.In each group,8 rats were killed at 7,14 and 21 d after operation.Histological changes were observed in tubulointerstitial injury under microscope.The expressions of NF-?B and ICAM-1 in renal tissue were determined with immunohistochemical method.Results Tubuloin-terstitial injury scores in operated group at 7,14 and 21 d were 1.168?0.108,1.776?0.064 and 2.301?0.157,respectively,and Tubulointerstitial injury scores in the treated group at 7,14 and 21 d were 1.043?0.114,1.677?0.083 and 2.084?0.201,respectively.Tubulointerstitial injury scores in silymarin treated group were significantly lower than those in operated group(Pa

Objective To understand the clinical characteristics of primary small vessel vasculitis with involvement of lungs in children and analyze the causes of misdiagnosis.Methods Clinical data from 16 patients with primary small vessel vasculitis were collected and their pathological,antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA),pulmonary lesion manifestations,image and misdiagnosis were further analyzed.Results Among 16 cases,9 cases were microscopic polyarateritis(MPA) and 4 cases were Wegeners granulomatosis(WG) and 3 cases were Churg-Strause syndrome(CSS).The ages of onset were from 3 to 14 years old with average age of 7.5 years old.Seventy-five percent(12/16) were ANCA positive.The patients with lung involvement had cough,chest pain,dyspnea,hemoptasis and asthma.Findings on lung X-ray films were variable.Some showed multiple patch shadows,others showed single or multiple masses or nodular shadows with or without cavity formation.After the treatments with corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide,10 cases turned better;including 8 cases with normal on lung X-ray films.Three cases given up;3 cases died.Conclusion It is very difficult to make diagnosis of primary small vessel vasculitis with involvement of lungs and should be paid more attentions to this issue.

Objiective To observe the morphological changes of rabbits' retina at different time points at which seawater was injected into the vitreous of rabbits. Methods Twenty-five New-Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to five groups, as 30 minutes, 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours group following the seawater injection in the vitreous. The right eyeball served as experimental eyeball and the left one as control in each group. 0.5ml artificial seawater was injected into the intermedius of rabbits right vitreous. 0.5ml balanced salt sdution was injected into the left vitreous in teh same way. At different time points following the eyeball injury, the morphological changes of retina were observed with light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Results The retina of control eyeballs had clear layers and regular cell shape in retinal structures with conventional staining. For the experimental eyeballs, the ganglion cell layer began to swelling after 30 minutes of seawater injection. The nerve fiber swelled obviously and the mitochondria vesiculated and swelled in the inner segment at 2 hours of seawater injection. The cell population of the inner nuclear layer began to reduce in 6 hours. At 12 hours of seawater injection, the retinal damages included disorganized cell nuclei, decreased cell population in ganglion cells and inner nuclear layer. Mitochondria vesiculated in photoreceptor cells, nuclear membrane shrank and sank inward. The vesiculation on inner and outer segments increased obviously. Conclusions Seawater may cause the morphological changes of rabbits' retina at early stage, and the histological damages become aggravation following the time prolongation. The damages would be unrecoverable 6 to 12 hours after seawater injury.