Objective: To explore the characteristics of distribution on Chinese adult body mass index (BMI) in different age groups and genders and to provide reference related to obesity and related chronic diseases. Methods: Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009 were used. Sequential sample cluster method was used to analyze the characteristics of BMI distribution in different age groups and genders by SAS. Results: Our results showed that the adult BMI in China should be divided into 3 groups according to their age, as 20 to 40 years old, 40 to 65 years old, and> 65 years old, in females or in total when grouped by difference of 5 years. For groupings in male, the three groups should be as 20 to 40, 40 to 60 years old and>60 years old. There were differences on distribution between the male and female groups. When grouped by difference of 10 years, all of the clusters for male, female and total groups as 20-40, 40-60 and>60 years old, became similar for the three classes, respectively, with no differences of distribution between gender, suggesting that the 5-years grouping was more accurate than the 10-years one, and BMI showing gender differences. Conclusions: BMI of the Chinese adults should be divided into 3 categories according to the characteristics of their age. Our results showed that BMI was increasing with age in youths and adolescents, remained unchanged in the middle-aged but decreasing in the elderly.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity/ethnology* ; Sex Distribution ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult

<p>OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between the primary mutation at np11778 and the secondary mutations at np9804, np13708, np13730, np15257 in three Chinese pedigrees with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and to detect the effects of the mutations on LHON.p><p>METHODSThirty-seven maternal individuals from three LHON pedigrees and forty-seven normal controls were involved in this study. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing were used to detect the mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).p><p>RESULTSAll patients and their maternal relatives had the np11778 mtDNA primary mutation. None had the secondary mutations at np9804, np13708 and np13730 and np15257. DNA sequencing of the PCR fragment revealed six new point mutations at np13759, np13928, np13942, np15301, np15323 and np15326.p><p>CONCLUSIONAll three Chinese pedigrees with LHON had the mtDNA11778 primary mutation. The frequency of mutation at np13759 in Chinese patients with LHON is higher than that in normal Chinese controls. These findings indicate that np13759 is a new secondary mutation of LHON in Chinese.p>
Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Child ; China ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; chemistry ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber ; ethnology ; genetics ; Point Mutation ; Young Adult

Remarkable results have been realized by the U-Net network in the task of medical image segmentation. In recent years, many scholars have been researching the network and expanding its structure, such as improvement of encoder and decoder and improvement of skip connection. Based on the optimization of U-Net structure and its medical image segmentation techniques, this paper elucidates in the following: First, the paper elaborates on the application of U-Net in the field of medical image segmentation; Then, the paper summarizes the seven improvement mechanism of U-Net: dense connection mechanism, residual connection mechanism, multi-scale mechanism, ensemble mechanism, dilated mechanism, attention mechanism, and transformer mechanism; Finally, the paper states the ideas and methods on the U-Net structure improvement in a bid to provide a reference for later researches, which plays a significant part in advancing U-Net.
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods*

<p>OBJECTIVETo explore the expression and clinical significance of Musashi2 (MSI2) gene in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML).p><p>METHODSReal-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) was used to measure the expression of MSI2 gene in 181 de novo AML patients. Correlation between the expression level and clinical features of such patients was explored.p><p>RESULTSTranscript of the MSI2 gene was detected in 181 AML patients, with the median expression level being 2.341 (0.1124-58.8566). By contrast, CD34+ cells from 10 healthy controls had a much lower expression level (P=0.012), and the expression level of MSI2 in 24 patients with complete remission was significant lower than de novo patients (P=0.021). Based on the median expression level, such patients were divided into low expression group and high expression group. Patients from the high expression group had significantly higher rate of high white blood cell count (78% vs. 63%, P=0.034). Compared with MSI2-low group, FLT3-ITD mutation were much more common in MSI2-high group (28% vs. 7%, P=0.002). The expression level of MSI2 in aberrant karyotypes was much higher than that in favorable karyotypes (the median expression level was 2.7726 and 2.0733, P=0.035). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the overall survival in high expression group of MSI2 was lower than the low expression group, with the median survival time being 28 months and 12 months, respectively (P=0.045).p><p>CONCLUSIONDe novo AML patients have a higher level of MSI2 gene expression. And the latter is much more common in those with high white blood cell count and aberrant karyotypes, and has a positive correlation with FLT3-ITD mutation. High expression of MSI2 gene may be a predictor for poorer prognosis among AML patients.p>
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Histone lysine methyltransferase EZH2 has been reported to be frequently overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the exact mechanism of EZH2 up-regulation in HCC has not been determined. In this study, we used murine hepatocyte AML12 cells to investigate the role of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) in regulating the expression of mEZH2. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the expression level of mEZH2 protein in AML12 cells was up-regulated by HBx in a dose-dependent manner. To further investigate the mechanism of mEZH2 overexpression, the 2500 bp regulatory sequence upstream from the first exon of the mEZH2 gene was amplified from AML12 genomic DNA and constructed into a luciferase reporter plasmid. The luciferase activity of the mEZH2 promoter significantly increased in AML12 cells co-transfected with HBx plasmid, and deleting the -486/-214 promoter region decreased HBx-induced mEZH2 promoter activation by nearly 50%. The -486/-214 region was then analyzed in the TRANSFAC 6.0 database and a typical E2F1-binding site was found. Mutation of this E2F1-binding site or knockdown of E2F1 expression by RNAi led to a dramatic decrease in HBx-induced activation of the mEZH2 promoter and mEZH2 overexpression in AML12 cells. These results provide evidence that HBx up-regulates mEZH2 expression by transactivating the mEZH2 promoter through E2F1 transcription factor, thereby providing new epigenetic evidence for the carcinogenic effect of HBx.
Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; E2F1 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; virology ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Plasmids ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation

<p>OBJECTIVETo investigate the association among serous and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) TNF-alpha level, gene polymorphisms of TNF-alpha and multiple sclerosis (MS) in Han nationality of southern China.p><p>METHODSMS diagnosis was base on Poser (1983) criteria. Fifty-five patients with nonimmulogical diseases and 68 patients with MS from southern China were enrolled in the study, and their TNF-alpha level of serum and CSF were measured by double antibody sandwich ABC-ELISA. TNF-alpha -308G/A in 106 normal healthy subjects and 68 MS patients was genotyped with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.p><p>RESULTSThere was significant difference in the serous TNF-alpha level between nonimmune patients and active MS patients (234+/- 76 pg/mL vs 276+/- 71 pg/mL, P< 0.05), but not in the CSF (245+/- 83 pg/mL vs 265+/- 78 pg/mL, P> 0.05). The gene frequency distribution of TNF-alpha -308G/A was corresponding with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The positive rate of genotype AA and the gene frequency of allele A of TNF-alpha were 4.4% and 14.0% in MS group, and 0 and 8.50% in healthy subjects, there was no statistical significance (P> 0.05).p><p>CONCLUSIONThe TNF-alpha level in serum is associated with active MS, but not in the CSF. The gene polymorphisms of TNF-alpha -308G/A is not associated with MS in Han nationality of southern China.p>
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; genetics

<p>OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of topical application of small dose of insulin on the wound healing of the scalded rats, so as to explore its mechanism.p><p>METHODSThe rats employed in the study were subjected to deep partial thickness burn and were divided into group A (with subcutaneous injection of isotonic saline into the rat wounds as control), B and C (with subcutaneous injection of 0.1 U and 1 U insulin in the rat wounds respectively) and D (with subcutaneous injection of 0.1 U insulin in the rat abdomen as control). The wound healing time and wound healing rate were assessed every other day after 3 postburn days (PBDs). The histological changes of the wounds after injection were examined, the changes in the cell cycle of epidermal cells in the wound were analyzed by flow-cytometry, and blood glucose concentration of each group was determined.p><p>RESULTSThe wound healing time in group B (18.36 +/- 4.12 d) was significantly shorter than that in other groups (A: 24.57 +/- 5.19 d, C: 21.46 +/- 2.97 d, D: 24.50 +/- 1.05 d, P < 0.01). The wound healing rate of the rats in group B in 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 PBD was obviously higher than that in group A, and was markedly higher than that in group C on 17 PBD (P < 0.05 - 0.01). The epithelial layer was thinner with less epidermal nails but much more fibroblasts in epidermal layer in group A, while the epithelial layer was thicker with abundant epidermal nails in group B and C with many fibroblasts in the dermis. The amount of cells in S phase at 4 PBD in group B was dramatically higher than that in group A, and cells in G2M phase at 4 - 5 PBD in group B was also higher than that in group A and C (P < 0.05 - 0.01). The blood level of glucose in group A and B fluctuated between 3.42 to 4.62 mmol/L at 24 PBH, while that in group C and D decreased obviously 1 hour after injection (P < 0.01), but gradually returned to normal 4 hours after injection.p><p>CONCLUSIONLocal injection of small dose of insulin may accelerate burn wound healing due to its role in promoting the proliferation and division of the repairing cells.p>
Administration, Topical ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Burns ; blood ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Female ; Insulin ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

Percutaneous pulmonary puncture guided by computed tomography (CT) is one of the most effective tools for obtaining lung tissue and diagnosing lung cancer. Path planning is an important procedure to avoid puncture complications and reduce patient pain and puncture mortality. In this work, a path planning method for lung puncture is proposed based on multi-level constraints. A digital model of the chest is firstly established using patient's CT image. A Fibonacci lattice sampling is secondly conducted on an ideal sphere centered on the tumor lesion in order to obtain a set of candidate paths. Finally, by considering clinical puncture guidelines, an optimal path can be obtained by a proposed multi-level constraint strategy, which is combined with oriented bounding box tree (OBBTree) algorithm and Pareto optimization algorithm. Results of simulation experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method, which has good performance for avoiding physical and physiological barriers. Hence, the method could be used as an aid for physicians to select the puncture path.
Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging* ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Punctures ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: To review targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) surgery for the construction of intelligent prosthetic human-machine interface, thus providing a new clinical intervention paradigm for the functional reconstruction of residual limbs in amputees. METHODS: Extensively consulted relevant literature domestically and abroad and systematically expounded the surgical requirements of intelligent prosthetics, TMR operation plan, target population, prognosis, as well as the development and future of TMR. RESULTS: TMR facilitates intuitive control of intelligent prostheses in amputees by reconstructing the "brain-spinal cord-peripheral nerve-skeletal muscle" neurotransmission pathway and increasing the surface electromyographic signals required for pattern recognition. TMR surgery for different purposes is suitable for different target populations. CONCLUSION TMR surgery has been certified abroad as a transformative technology for improving prosthetic manipulation, and is expected to become a new clinical paradigm for 2 million amputees in China.
Humans ; Artificial Limbs ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Prosthesis Implantation

Accurate segmentation of pediatric echocardiograms is a challenging task, because significant heart-size changes with age and faster heart rate lead to more blurred boundaries on cardiac ultrasound images compared with adults. To address these problems, a dual decoder network model combining channel attention and scale attention is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an attention-guided decoder with deep supervision strategy is used to obtain attention maps for the ventricular regions. Then, the generated ventricular attention is fed back to multiple layers of the network through skip connections to adjust the feature weights generated by the encoder and highlight the left and right ventricular areas. Finally, a scale attention module and a channel attention module are utilized to enhance the edge features of the left and right ventricles. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method in this paper achieves an average Dice coefficient of 90.63% in acquired bilateral ventricular segmentation dataset, which is better than some conventional and state-of-the-art methods in the field of medical image segmentation. More importantly, the method has a more accurate effect in segmenting the edge of the ventricle. The results of this paper can provide a new solution for pediatric echocardiographic bilateral ventricular segmentation and subsequent auxiliary diagnosis of congenital heart disease.
Adult ; Humans ; Child ; Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging* ; Echocardiography ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted