1.Uncommon Peritoneal Anomaly of Spleen Associated with the Unusual Relationship of Spleen with the Left Lobe of the Liver
Satheesha NB, Srinivasa Rao S ; Narendra P, Anitha G ; Surekha DS ; Naveen K ; Ashwini A ; Swamy RS
Journal of Surgical Academia 2013;3(1):47-49
Though congenital anomalies of the spleen are quite common, the peritoneal anomalies of the spleen are very rare. In
the present case, we observed two unusual phrenico-splenic ligaments connecting the spleen to the diaphragm. Apart
from this, the left lobe of the liver was elongated and was related to the diaphragmatic surface of the spleen. The
splenic artery had a straight course to the spleen, indicating the possible restricted movements of the spleen.
Knowledge of such unusual relation of spleen is essentially important for the surgeons as the elongated left lobe of
the liver might get ruptured in addition to the spleen in the fractures of the left 9th, 10th and 11th ribs. Awareness of
the straight course of the splenic artery is also of importance to Radiologists performing arterial splenoportography.
2.An Unusual Termination of Facial Vein and Anterior Division of Retromandibular Vein into External Jugular Vein: A Case Report
Jyothsna P, Naveen K ; Mohandas Rao KG ; Ashwini LS ; Somayaji SN ; Satheesha Nayak B
Journal of Surgical Academia 2014;4(1):54-56
Facial vein, being the largest vein of the face forms the common facial vein after joining with the anterior division of
retromandibular vein below the angle of the mandible. Usually, it drains into the internal jugular vein. During
routine dissection of head and neck region of a male cadaver, aged approximately 50 years, an unusual pattern in the
termination of veins on the left side of the neck was observed. The formation, course and termination of external
jugular vein were normal. The anterior division of retromandibular vein joined with external jugular vein about 5 cm
above the clavicle and the facial vein opened into the external jugular vein about 2.5 cm above the clavicle. In
addition, there was a thin venous communication between anterior division of retromandibular vein and external
jugular vein. The superficial veins of the neck are often used for cannulation; either for intravenous infusion or for
central venous pressure monitoring. Furthermore, these venous segments are used as a patch for carotid
endarterectomies. Hence, a thorough knowledge of the normal anatomy and their variations may be useful for
performing these procedures.
3.Capdepont’s teeth: a case report.
Sravani K ; Rao PK ; Chatra L ; Shenai P ; Veena KM ; Prabhu RV ; Kushraj T ; Shetty P ; Hameed S.
Pacific Journal of Medical Sciences 2014;13(2):51-55
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is an autosomal dominant disorder of tooth development characterized by the presence of opalescent dentine, resulting in a dusky blue to brownish discoloration of the teeth. It is the most common dental genetic disease. This condition is genetically and clinically heterogeneous, it may affect only the teeth or it may be associated with the osteogenesis imperfecta. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical examination and radiographic features. This report describes an 18 year old male patient who showed the characteristic dental features of dentinogenesis imperfecta.
4.Preventive effect of tacrolimus on patients with post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis
Harshavardhan RAO B. ; Paul K. VINCENT ; Priya NAIR ; Anoop K. KOSHY ; Rama P. VENU
Clinical Endoscopy 2022;55(5):665-673
Background/Aims:
In patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), calcineurin activates zymogen, which results in pancreatitis. In this study, we aimed to determine the efficacy of tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor, in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP).
Methods:
This was a prospective pilot study in which patients who underwent ERCP received tacrolimus (4 mg in two divided doses); this was the Tac group. A contemporaneous cohort of patients was included as a control group. All patients were followed-up for PEP. PEP was characterized by worsening abdominal pain with an acute onset, elevated pancreatic enzymes, and a duration of hospital stay of more than 48 hours. Serum tacrolimus levels were measured immediately before the procedure in the Tac group.
Results:
There were no differences in the baseline characteristics between the Tac group (n=48) and the control group (n=51). Only four out of 48 patients (8.3%) had PEP in the Tac group compared to eight out of 51 patients (15.7%) who had PEP in the control group. The mean trough tacrolimus level in patients who developed PEP was significantly lower (p<0.05).
Conclusions
Oral tacrolimus at a cumulative dose of 4 mg safely prevents PEP. Further randomized controlled studies are warranted to establish the role of tacrolimus in this context.
5.Anti-microbial principles of selected remedial plants from Southern India.
Rao G TIRUPATHI ; Babu K SURESH ; Kumar J UJWAL ; P SUJANA ; A Veerabhadr RAOA ; A S SREEDHAR
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2011;1(4):298-305
<p>OBJECTIVETo examine the anti-bacterial activity of leaf extracts of Morus alba L. (Moraceae) and Piper betel L. (Piperaceae), and seed extracts of Bombax ceiba L. (Borabacaceae).p><p>METHODSWe have partially purified plant extracts by solvent extraction method, and evaluated the effect of individual fractions on bacterial growth using Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacterial strains.p><p>RESULTSCompared with Morus and Bombax fractions, Piper fractions showed significant growth inhibition on all the three types of bacteria studied. The EtOAc-hexane fractions of Piper leaves exhibited significant anti-bacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 50 µg/mL culture against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The EtOAc-fractions I, II, and IV inhibited bacterial colony formation on soft agar in addition to growth inhibition. A combination treatment of piper fractions with ampicillin resulted in significant growth inhibition in E. coli and P. aeruginosa, and combination with anticancer drug geldanamycin (2µg/mL) showed selective growth inhibition against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Three major compounds, i.e., eugenol, 3-hexene-ol and stigmasterol, were primarily identified from Piper betel leaf extractions. Among the individual compounds, eugenol treatment showed improved growth inhibition compared with stigmasterol and 3-hexene-ol.p><p>CONCLUSIONSWe are reporting potential anti-bacterial compounds from Piper betel against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria either alone or in combination with drug treatment.p>
Anti-Bacterial Agents
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chemistry
;
isolation & purification
;
pharmacology
;
Bombax
;
chemistry
;
Colony Count, Microbial
;
Drug Synergism
;
Escherichia coli
;
drug effects
;
India
;
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
;
Morus
;
chemistry
;
Piper
;
chemistry
;
Plant Extracts
;
chemistry
;
isolation & purification
;
pharmacology
;
Plants, Medicinal
;
chemistry
;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
;
drug effects
;
Staphylococcus aureus
;
drug effects
6.Updates on the surgical management of paediatric cataract with primary intraocular lens implantation.
Dorothy S P FAN ; Wilson W K YIP ; Christopher B O YU ; Srinivas K RAO ; Dennis S C LAM
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2006;35(8):564-570
With the advent of modern surgical techniques, paediatric cataract has become much more manageable. Intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the standard of care for patients over the age of 2 years. The use of IOL in young infants is still controversial. In addition, there are still unresolved issues, such as the minimum age at which IOL can be safely implanted, IOL power selection and IOL power calculation. The current trends in the management of the above challenges are discussed. Although numerous reports on the prevention and management of posterior capsule opacification have been published, there are ongoing intensive debates and research. Long-term postoperative complications like glaucoma and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment are problems that cannot be overemphasised and these issues are also reviewed.
Cataract
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congenital
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Cataract Extraction
;
adverse effects
;
methods
;
Child
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Child, Preschool
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Humans
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Infant
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Infant, Newborn
;
Lens Implantation, Intraocular
;
adverse effects
;
methods
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Lenses, Intraocular
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Postoperative Complications
;
prevention & control
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Refraction, Ocular
7.Sciatic nerve division: a cadaver study in the Indian population and review of the literature.
Prakash ; A K BHARDWAJ ; M N DEVI ; N S SRIDEVI ; P K RAO ; G SINGH
Singapore medical journal 2010;51(9):721-723
<p>INTRODUCTIONThe sciatic nerve is the largest nerve, with a long course in the inferior extremity. Its division into the tibial and common peroneal nerves can occur at any level from the sacral plexus to the inferior part of the popliteal space. These anatomical variations may contribute to clinical conditions such as piriformis syndrome, sciatica and coccygodynia.p><p>METHODSThis study was performed on cadavers in order to study the level of sciatic nerve division. The inferior extremities of 43 cadavers were classified into six groups depending on the level of sciatic nerve division in the gluteal region, the upper, middle and lower parts of the back of the thigh, and the popliteal fossa.p><p>RESULTSThe highest incidence of sciatic nerve division (40.7 percent) was observed in the lower part of the posterior compartment of the thigh. In 34.9 percent of the specimens, the sciatic nerve was divided into tibial and common peroneal nerves in the popliteal fossa. 16.3 percent of extremities showed sciatic nerve division proximal to its entrance in the gluteal region.p><p>CONCLUSIONIn sciatic nerve neuropathies, the extent of neurological deficits depends on the level of sciatic nerve division. Sciatic nerve division into tibial and common peroneal components at a higher level can result in the involvement of only one out of the two divisions from sciatic neuropathy. It can also result in a failure of the sciatic nerve block while performing popliteal block anaesthesia.p>
Cadaver
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Female
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Humans
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India
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Lumbosacral Plexus
;
pathology
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Male
;
Models, Anatomic
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Models, Neurological
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Piriformis Muscle Syndrome
;
pathology
;
Reproducibility of Results
;
Sciatic Nerve
;
anatomy & histology
;
physiopathology
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Sciatica
;
pathology
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Tibia
;
innervation
;
pathology
8.Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity of ethyl acetate fraction of Rhododendron arboreum Smith flowers in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and its role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism.
Neeraj VERMA ; G AMRESH ; P K SAHU ; Ch V RAO ; Anil Pratap SINGH
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012;2(9):696-701
<p>OBJECTIVETo explore and identify the most potent antihyperglycemic fraction from the ethanol extract of Rhododendron arboreum (R. arboreum) flowers.p><p>METHODSNormal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were treated with all four fractions of R. arboreum flowers for short term and with fraction 3 for long term study. On completion of the treatment, a range of indicators were tested including fasting blood glucose, plasma protein, haemoglobin A1C, insulin secretion, body weight, blood lipid profile and carbohydrate metabolism regulating enzymes of liver.p><p>RESULTSIn short term study, the fraction 3 (Active fraction) produced a significant (P<0.000 1) reduction (73.6%) in blood glucose level at a dose of 200 mg/kg after the treatment in the diabetic rats. Administration of active fraction (200 and 400 mg/kg) once daily for 30 d in streptozotocin diabetic rats resulted in a significant (P<0.001 to P<0.000 1) fall in blood glucose level, hemoglobin A1C, serum urea and creatinine with significant but a increase in insulin level similar to standard drug glybenclamide. Further, the active fraction showed antihyperlipidemic activity as evidenced by significant (P<0.001 to P<0.000 1) decreases in serum serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low density cholesterol levels coupled together with elevation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the diabetic rats.p><p>CONCLUSIONSThe active fraction of R. arboreum flowers decreases streptozotocin induced hyperglycemia by promoting insulin secretion and glycolysis and by decreasing gluconeogenesis.p>
Animals
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Blood Glucose
;
drug effects
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Carbohydrate Metabolism
;
drug effects
;
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
;
drug therapy
;
metabolism
;
Disease Models, Animal
;
Flowers
;
chemistry
;
Hypoglycemic Agents
;
chemistry
;
pharmacology
;
Hypolipidemic Agents
;
chemistry
;
pharmacology
;
Lipids
;
blood
;
Male
;
Phytochemicals
;
chemistry
;
Plant Extracts
;
chemistry
;
pharmacology
;
Rats
;
Rhododendron
;
chemistry
;
Toxicity Tests, Acute