Animals ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromogranin A ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Neuroendocrine Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology

Objective There is little population-based data on the prevalence and the environmental or genetic determinants of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in China. The purpose of this paper is to study LVH in relation to systolic blood pressure and the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion(I/D) polymorphism in Chinese. Methods We recorded 12-lead ECG (CardioSoft, v4.2) in 1365 residents in the Jingning County, Zhejiang Province, China. LVH was defined according to the gender-specific Sokolow-Lyon and Comell product ECG criteria. Results Regardless of whether the Sokolow-Lyon or Comell product ECG criteria was used, the prevalence of LVH (20.7% and 4.8%, respectively) significantly (P<0.0001) increased with male gender (odds ratio [OR] 2.33 and 7.15) and systolic blood pressure (per 10 mm Hg increase, OR 1.46 and 1.33). If the Sokolow-Lyon criteria was used, the prevalence of LVH was also influenced by alcohol intake (OR 1.44, P=0.03) and body mass index (OR 0.83, P=0.0005). The association between the Sokolow-Lyon voltage amplitude and the ACE I/D polymorphism was dependent on antihypertensive therapy (P=0.01). In 1262 untreated subjects, but not 103 patients on antihypertensive medication, the ACE DD compared with Ⅱ subjects had significantly higher Sokolow-Lyon voltage amplitudes (29.8±0.6 vs. 28.0±20.5 mV, P=0.02) and higher risk of LVH (OR 1.74, 95% CI: 1. 12-2.69, P=0.01). Conclusion LVH is prevalent in Chinese, and is associated with systolic blood pressure and the ACE D allele. The genetic association might be modulated by antihypertensive therapy.

Objective To observe the effect of artemether in the control of prevalence and acute infection of Schistosoma japonicum in humans in high endemic areas. Methods During the transmission season (May-October), the residents in the pilot village took artemether with a 15- day interval to prevent the infection of S. japonicum. Results By the end of the transmission season, the egg positive rate was 0.83% and no acute case occurred in the artemether group, while 15.01% and 3 acute cases were observed in the placebo group. Conclusions Oral administration of artemether at a 15-day interval shows an effective protection from infection of S. japonicum, with a protection rate of 94.47% in residents of a high endemic area and it also shows marked effect to prevent acute schistosomiasis.

Given the ultimate lower usage rate of the AVF and higher intervention rate within 12 months of creation, AVF formation in octogenarian patients may not be appropriate. Patient selection is vital and alternative renal access should be considered especially for those patients with risk factors associated with failure.

Objective: To investigate the effect of protein ki nase C on signal transduction such as tyrosine phosphorylation, c-fos and c-ju n mRNA expression in antigen activated mast cells. Methods: RBL-2H3 cells either untreated or treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13 -acetate (PMA) were sensitized with anti-DNP IgE, and activated with DNP-BSA, histamine release and tyrosine phosphorylation were quantitatively measured by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. The effect of PKC on the ex pression of c-fos and c-jun in serum-deprived RBL-2H3 cells activated by DNP-BSA detected by ethidium staining of PCR-amplified cDNA, the amplified cDNA products were subjected to Southern blot hybridization using specific prob es to determine the veracity of amplification. Results: Tyr osine phosphorylation and histamine release were significantly reduced from (4.4 7±0.03)% to (2.79±0.07)% and (104.47±1.31) nmol/L to (60.75±1.38) nm ol/L, respectively, 45 min after DNP-BSA stimulation in sensitized cells pre treated with PMA for 48 h. Bands of the size predicted for the amplified cDNA we re obtained: 299 bp for c-fos, and 651 bp for c-jun, a decrease of 91% and 82% , respectively, for c-fos and c-jun mRNAs was observed in antigen stimulated c ells pretreated with PMA for 48 h. Conclusion: PKC plays an impo rtant role in modulating the tyrosine phosphorylation and histamine release resp onses and may upregulate the expression of c-fos and c-jun in antigen activate d mast cell.

Objective: To understand the prevalence, trend and related factors on soil-borne nematode in Danzhou city to provide information for prevention and control of the disease. Methods: According to the guidelines set by the National National soil-borne nematode technical solutions, one village was randomly chosen from every township as the monitoring location, in the east, west, south and north parts of Danzhou city. A total of 200 residents aged 3 years and over were randomly selected in each monitoring site, with modified Kato thick smear and Cellophane tape anal swab used for microscopy. Results: In this survey, we retrospectively analyzed the rates on soil borne nematode infection in five monitoring locations of Danzhou city and the results showed that the overall positive rates of infection was 19.5% (195/1 000). Comparing with the previous surveys, rates on soil-borne parasites infection were decreasing. The main types of soil-borne nematode infection appeared as roundworm, whipworm, hookworm and pinworm in Danzhou city, with rate of hookworm-egg infection ranking the highest (42.5%, 85/200) in Dacheng. The infection rate was seen significantly higher in females than males. People aged over 60 and between 3-10, had a higher rates of infection. Rate on multiple infections reached 16.9%, including 5 triple infection cases. Conclusion: Rates of infection on soil-borne nematodes in Danzhou city showed a decreasing trend from 2013 to 2016 with hookworm and whipworm as the major ones.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nematoda/isolation & purification* ; Nematode Infections/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Serogroup ; Soil ; Surveys and Questionnaires

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of antidepressants on blood loss and transfusion requirements in spinal surgery patients. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Several studies have shown an increase in perioperative bleeding in orthopedic surgery patients on antidepressant drug therapy, yet no study has examined the impact of these agents on spinal surgery patients. METHODS: Charts of patients who underwent single-level spinal fusion (posterior lumbar interbody fusion with posterior instrumentation) performed by five fellowship-trained surgeons at a tertiary spine center between 2008 and 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. Exclusion criteria included select medical comorbidities, select drug therapy, and Amercian Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification score of greater than 2. Serotonergic antidepressants were examined in multivariate analysis to assess their predictive value on estimated blood loss and risk of transfusion. RESULTS: A total of 235 patients, of which 52% were female, were included. Allogeneic blood was transfused in 7% of patients. The average estimated blood loss was 682±463 mL. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were taken by 10% of all patients. Multivariable regression analysis showed that intake of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors was a significant predictor for blood loss (average increase of 34%, p=0.015) and for the need of allogeneic blood transfusion (odds ratio, 4.550; p=0.029). CONCLUSIONS: There was a statistically significant association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and both increased blood loss and risk of allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Surgeons and perioperative providers should take these findings into account when assessing patients' preoperative risk for blood loss and transfusion.
Antidepressive Agents* ; Blood Transfusion ; Case-Control Studies ; Classification ; Comorbidity ; Drug Therapy ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Orthopedics ; Retrospective Studies ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; Spinal Fusion ; Spine ; Spondylosis ; Surgeons

Objective    To analyze the risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). Methods     The PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang data, CBM, VIP, CNKI were searched by computer for researches on risk factors associated with the development of AKI after OPCABG from the inception to March 2022. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. Results    A total of 18 researches were included, involving 9 risk factors. The NOS score of all included studies was≥6 points. Meta-analysis results showed that age [OR=1.03, 95%CI (1.01, 1.06), P=0.020], body mass index (BMI) [OR=1.10, 95%CI (1.05, 1.15), P<0.001], history of hypertension [OR=1.45, 95%CI (1.27, 1.66), P<0.001], history of diabetes [OR=1.50, 95%CI (1.33, 1.70), P<0.001], preoperative serum creatinine level [OR=2.05, 95%CI (1.27, 3.32), P=0.003], low left ventricular ejection fraction [OR=4.51, 95%CI (1.39, 14.65), P=0.010], preoperative coronary angiography within a short period of time [OR=2.10, 95%CI (1.52, 2.91), P<0.001], perioperative implantation of intra-aortic balloon pump [OR=3.42, 95%CI (2.26, 5.16),  P<0.001], perioperative blood transfusion [OR=2.00, 95%CI (1.51, 2.65), P<0.001] were risk factors for AKI after OPCABG. Conclusion    Age, BMI, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, preoperative serum creatinine level, low left ventricular ejection fraction, preoperative coronary angiography within a short period of time, perioperative implantation of intra-aortic balloon pump, perioperative blood transfusion are risk factors for AKI after OPCABG. Medical staff should focus on monitoring the above risk factors and early identifying, in order to prevent or delay the onset of postoperative AKI and promote early recovery of patients.

In recent years, due to the emergence of ultrafast ultrasound imaging technology, the sensitivity of detecting slow and micro blood flow with ultrasound has been dramatically improved, and functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI) has been developed. fUSI is a novel technology for neurological imaging that utilizes neurovascular coupling to detect the functional activity of the central nervous system (CNS) with high spatiotemporal resolution and high sensitivity, which is dynamic, non-invasive or minimally invasive. fUSI fills the gap between functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and optical imaging with its high accessibility and portability. Moreover, it is compatible with electrophysiological recording and optogenetics. In this paper, we review the developments of fUSI and its applications in neuroimaging. To date, fUSI has been used in various animals ranging from mice to non-human primates, as well as in clinical surgeries and bedside functional brain imaging of neonates. In conclusion, fUSI has great potential in neuroscience research and is expected to become an important tool for neuroscientists, pathologists and pharmacologists.
Animals ; Mice ; Ultrasonography/methods* ; Brain/physiology* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Optogenetics ; Hemodynamics

Objective To investigate the clinical value of prophylactic high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in reducing postoperative pulmonary complication (PPC) in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The clinical data of elderly patients (over 60 years) with NSCLC who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy or segmental resection at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital from January 2021 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether receiving HFNC after surgery, they were divided into a conventional oxygen therapy (CO) group and a HFNC group. The CO group were matched with the HFNC group by the propensity score matching method at a ratio of 1 : 1. We compared PPC incidence, white blood cell (WBC) count, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein on postoperative day (POD) 1, 3 and 5 and postoperative hospital stay between the two groups. Results A total of 343 patients (165 males, 178 females, average age of 67.25±4.79 years) were enrolled, with 53 (15.45%) receiving HFNC. Before matching, there were statistical differences in gender, rate of combined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pathology type and TNM stage between the two groups (all P<0.05). There were 42 patients successfully matched in each of the two groups, with no statistical difference in baseline characteristics (P>0.05). After propensity score matching, the results showed that the PPC incidence in the HFNC group was lower than that in the CO group (23.81% vs. 45.23%, P=0.039). WBC count on POD 3 and 5 and procalcitonin level on POD 3 were less or lower in the HFNC group than those in the CO group [ (8.92±2.91)×109/L vs. (10.62±2.67)×109/L; (7.68±1.58)×109/L vs. (8.86±1.76)×109/L; 0.26 (0.25, 0.44) μg/L vs. 0.31 (0.25, 0.86) μg/L; all P<0.05]. There was no statistical difference in the other inflammatory indexes or the postoperative hospital stay between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Prophylactic HFNC can reduce the PPC incidence and postoperative inflammatory indexes in elderly patients with NSCLC, but does not shorten the postoperative hospital stay.