No abstract available.
Inflammation* ; Nasal Mucosa* ; Ozone*

To present a critique of the disaster management, the pre-disaster, disaster and post-disaster events surrounding the Ozone Disco fire, the worst land fire disaster in the Philippine history, that occurred on March 19, 1996 were retrieved and summarized from available and verifiable records. The disaster events were analyzed based on the principles of disaster management, particularly in the medical care of the casualties and the operational structures existing in the region at that time. The existing disaster plan of the hospital involved was included in the analysis. Conclusions were set to refocus interest in the disaster and provide basis for planning in disaster preparedness.

Ozone ; Philippines ; Disaster Planning ; Disasters ; Fires ; Hospitals

Humans ; Ozone ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the pulmonary function changes of ozone exposure in Corona and Slitter workers exposed to an ozone level ranging from 0.022~0.061 ppm. METHODS: Forty-two subjects were exposed for 8hrs to ozone every day. We perfomed pulmonary function testing immediately before and after work and self-administered, portable peak flow meter measurements were self-conducted by the workers over a 5-day (Monday to Friday) period. RESULTS: Ozone concentrations in the workplace ranging from 0.050~0.061 ppm at Corona and 0.022~0.023 ppm at Slitter in 2006. A small decrement in forced-vital capacity were observed among Corona workers from 93.9% to 91.3% (p=0.012) and also in employment duration below ten years. We found no significant differences in before and after FVC and FEV1 among Slitter workers. All daily (Monday to Friday) peak expiratory flow rates declined in magnitude after two days of ozone exposure, compared with first day exposure. CONCLUSION: We concluded that daily ozone exposure in the workplace slightly decreased pulmonary function and that PEFR variability is greatest on the 2nd day of ozone exposure.
Employment ; Ozone* ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Respiratory Function Tests

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of paracetic acid (PAA) and ozone disinfection on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of silicone-based resilient liners to acrylic resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty dumbbell shaped heat-polymerized acrylic resins were prepared. From the mid segment of the specimens, 3 mm of acrylic were grinded off and separated parts were reattached by resilient liners. The specimens were divided into 2 control (control1, control7) and 4 test groups of PAA and ozone disinfection (PAA1, PAA7, ozone1 and ozone7; n=10). While control groups were immersed in distilled water for 10 min (control1) and 7 days (control7), test groups were subjected to PAA (16 g/L) or ozone rich water (4 mg/L) for 1 cycle (10 min for PAA and 60 min for ozone) per day for 7 days prior to tensile tests. Measurements of the TBS were analyzed using 3-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. RESULTS: Adhesive strength of Mollosil decreased significantly by application of ozone disinfection. PAA disinfection had no negative effect on the TBS values of Mollosil and Molloplast B to acrylic resin. Single application of ozone disinfection did not have any negative effect on TBS values of Molloplast B, but prolonged exposure to ozone decreased its adhesive strength. CONCLUSION: The adhesion of resilient liners to acrylic was not adversely affected by PAA disinfection. Immersion in ozonated water significantly decreased TBS of Mollosil. Prolonged exposure to ozone negatively affects adhesion of Molloplast B to denture base materials.
Acrylic Resins ; Adhesives ; Denture Bases ; Disinfection* ; Immersion ; Ozone* ; Peracetic Acid ; Water

BACKGROUND: Ozone is one of the most ubiquitous oxidant in urban air and may exacerbate respiratory diseases such as asthma. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether ozone can influence airway hyperresponsiveness induced by influenza virus-infection. SUBJECT AND METHOD: Rats were exposed to ozone, acutely to 1.0ppm and 0.25ppm for 23.5hrs. At 2hrs post cessation of ozone exposure, animals were infected with rat-adapted influenza virus intra-nasally. On day 3 post-virus inoculation, pulmonary mechanics were measured during an intravenous challenge with acetylcholine < (ACh), 100-140mg/ml in saline>. Cumulative doseresponse functions were obtained by doubling the rate of the intravenous infusion every 2min. RESULTS: ACh increased airway resistance in a dose-dependent manner. Neither of the concentrations of ozone altered the airway responses to ACh. Animals infected with virus developed hyperresponsiveness to ACh as was expected. Pre-exposure to 1.0ppm ozone for 23.5hrs aug- mented the virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, while 0.25ppm did not. CONCLUSION: Acute exposure to ozone can synergistically act on virus-induced airway hyperreactivity.
Acetylcholine ; Airway Resistance ; Animals ; Asthma ; Influenza, Human* ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Mechanics ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Ozone* ; Rats*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of ozonated water on physical and chemical properties of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) materials.

METHODSVSD materials (foam and sealing membrane) were immersed in 10 µg/ml ozonated water for 1 h twice daily for 8 days. The foam appearance and microscopic structure of the materials were observed, and tensile tests and Raman spectrum scan were performed assess the effect of ozonated water. Simulated VSD devices were prepared and tested for leakproofness under negative pressure after ozonated water treatment.

RESULTSzonated water treatment for 8 days caused no obvious abnormal changes in the foam appearance or microscopic structure of the materials. The maximum tensile load of foam before and after ozonated water treatment was 4.25∓0.73 kgf and 2.44∓0.19 kgf (P=0.000), the momentary distance when the foam torn before and after intervention was 92.54∓12.83 mm and 64.44∓4.60 mm, respectively (P=0.000). The corresponding results for VSD sealing membrane were 0.70∓0.58 kgf and 0.71∓0.08 kgf (P=0.698), and 99.30∓10.27 mm and 100.95∓18.22 mm (P=0.966), respectively. Raman spectroscopy revealed changes in only several wave intensities and no new chemical groups appeared within the scan range of 400-4000 cm(-1). The VSD device was well hermetic after treatment with ozonated water.

CONCLUSIONExcept for a decreased stretch resistance property of the foam, VSD materials display no obvious changes in physical and chemical characteristics after treatment with ozonated water for 8 days.

Biomedical and Dental Materials ; chemistry ; Drainage ; instrumentation ; methods ; Ozone ; Vacuum ; Water ; chemistry

This article introduces some commonly used methods of ozone concentration detection, including chemical method, UV absorption method, and electrochemical method etc., introduces the latest four ozone concentration sensors, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each method. In addition, the article emphatically introduces the ozone's applications and development in the medical aspects. Prospects for the use of ozone concentration detection, ozone treatment and ozone therapy instrument are also demonstrated in it. The literature collected and reviewed on ozone concentration detection and ozone therapy includes 37 papers in English, and 50 papers in Chinese, but only 30 articles among them are included in this review (19 in Chinese and 11 in English), according to the principle of eliminating the old information and repetitive contents. The present paper selects only those on ozone, ozone concentration, ozone therapy and ozone therapy instrument.
Hepatitis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Mouth Diseases ; drug therapy ; Ozone ; analysis ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the kinetic rate constants ozone and hydroxyl radicals towards two groups of antimicrobials -sulfadiazine (SD) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX).

METHODSThe solute consumption method was used to detect the rate constants of ozone alone with sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole, and tertiary butanol was selected as a scavenging agent and pH was adjusted to 2.5 by adding orthophosphate buffers (OB); and the competition kinetics studying methodwith nitrobenzene as a reference was applied to measure the rate constants of hydroxyl radicals towards sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole, and pH was adjusted to 7.0 by adding OB.

RESULTSThe rate constants of SD and SMX with ozone alone were 261 mol(-1) · dm(3) · s(-1) and 303 mol(-1) · dm3 · s(-1) by calculating in low reaction system. The rate constants of hydroxyl radicals with SD and SMX were 2.2×1010 mol(-1) · dm(3) · s(-1) and 2.7×1010 mol(-1) · dm(3) · s(-1), respectively. Moreover, the rate constants of hydroxyl radicals with SMX were found to have increased from 3.6×109 mol(-1) · dm(3) · s(-1) to 2.8×1010 mol(-1) · dm(3) · s(-1) with pH value rising from 5.0 to 7.8.

CONCLUSIONSMX and SD are both refractory to ozone oxidation alone, and are liable to be degraded by hydroxyl radicals, and the rate constants of SMX with the hydroxyl radical slightly increases with pH rise.

Hydroxyl Radical ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Ozone ; chemistry ; Sulfamethoxazole ; chemistry ; Sulfonamides ; chemistry ; Water ; chemistry

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet light induces sunburn, ageing of the skin, pigmentation and even promotes skin cancers. As there has been a recent decrease in the ozone layer surrounding the earth, increasing attention has been given to the effects of ultraviolet light on the skin. Through human epidermis, ultraviolet light is reflected, scattered, absorbed or transmitted. In caucacians, the rate of transmitted ultraviolet light A from the epidermis to the dermis is 50% and the rate of transmitted ultraviolet light B is below 10%. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the transmittance of UVA and UVB on Korean normal epidermis. METHODS: Pure epidermis was obtained from normal human epidermis by suction of blisters in 12 patients with vitiligo. All specimens were irradiated respectively with UVA and UVB and the amount of transmitted energy was measured. RESULTS: 1. The transmittance of UVA energy density by normal epidermis was 47.7+11.2% of irradiated UVA energy. 2. The transmittance of UVB energy density by normal epidermis was 32.4+3.4% of irradiated UVB energy. CONCLUSION: UVA energy transmission through normal epidermis of Korean is less than those of Caucacians but UVB energy transmission through nor mal epidermis of Korean is more than those of Caucacians. It is suggested that this could be an important basic data to study for photoaging and photoprotection in Korean population.
Blister ; Dermis ; Epidermis* ; Humans* ; Pigmentation ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms ; Stratospheric Ozone ; Suction ; Sunburn ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vitiligo