Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish oral health status among disabled children aged 6-12 years in 6 special schools in Ulaanbaatar. Methods: 428 children with disabilities (cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, mental retardation, blind and hearing disorders) participated in this study. Boys were 50.4%, girls were 49.6% and mean age were 9.921.76. Clinical examination was performed by using a dental mirror and revealed the presence of dental caries, missing (extracted) and fi lled teeth. Each tooth was examined and scored based on the WHO standard (WHO, 1997). The periodontal status was evaluated according to CPI (Community Periodontal Index). The oral hygiene was evaluated according to Green-Vermillion method (1964) values. Results: The dental caries prevalence of all disabled children was 88.3% and average dmft values were 5.714.54 in deciduous teeth, 5.733.72 in mixed dentition and 3.142.81 in permanent teeth. The periodontal status of all children was 70% bleeding after probing and 7% calculus deposit. The oral hygiene was 10% good, 37% fair and 53% poor. Conclusion: This study showed high caries prevalence and DMFT, dmft index and periodontal disease. The oral hygiene index was poor among disabled children in Ulaanbaatar comparing to general population. The main component of DMFT and dmft was decayed teeth, which suggest special oral health promotion policy and urgent treatment, diagnosis and special dental care.

BACKGROUNDGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common digestive disorder in the world. In this study, we chose Calcitum-6 for GERD treatment and assessed itsimpact on the disease using modern laboratory and imaging study. Out main purpose was to investigate the impact of Calcitum-6 for GERD treatment using gastroscopy.METHODSWe selected 34 patients who meet the criteria of GERD for the study. All participants signed a consent form. After 21 days of treatment with Calcitum-6 patients underwentgastroscopy in the Teaching hospital of MNUMS.RESULTSSymptoms of GERD including heartburn and bitter taste were significantly reduced within 4.7±0.8 days after treatment. Symptoms of bile reflux, increased gastric acid and painwere reduced by 73.6%, 55.2%, and 69.8% (р=0.05), respectively, after the completion of 21 days treatment. Changes in esophageal mucosa were recovered in 83.87% (26) and relapse of gastritis was reduced in 65.52% (19) of all patients.CONCLUSIONSBased on our results, we conclude that using Calcitum-6 for the treatment of GERD shows significant reduction in symptoms of the disease.

BACKGROUNDThe study was based on the reason that skills, attitude and knowledge of the nurses who are working in healthcare organizations do not satisfy customers and to assess undergraduate nursing curriculum.METHOD306 nurses and specialist are involved. Nursing curriculums of Vermont University of USA, Yonsei University of Korea, National College of Nursing, Japan and Ulaanbaatar University of Mongolia are compared and studied with our curriculum.RESULTStudy shows that curriculum contents of School of Nursing, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences have comparatively less contents of understanding about healthy person, assessment on human, giving advice healthy human, path anatomy, physiology, communication skills.CONCLUSION42% of participants assessed their knowledge at the low level. Curriculum credits of School of Nursing, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences is 142, comparatively much more than other schools shows that the need of innovation to the curriculum of nursing bachelor degree.

Introduction:Structure and Function of the digestive organ diseases in that commonly occurred Ulcer Disease (PUD) is becoming one of the major diseases in the population furthermore it is tending to increase and peptic ulcer malignity is in the fourth leading tumor which causes to death.80% of the patients who has Gastric ulcer, 80 % of the patient who has PUD, has helicobacter pylori infections.Mongolian statistics data estimates that there are in total 355256 structures and function of the digestive organ diseases were registered in 2011. 25.2 % of stationary disease, 74.8% of is ambulatory diseases from them stationary disease of PUD are 3.74 %, ambulatory disease of PUD are 4.84%.Purpose of the study: Indicate the substantial supply of essential drugs of PUD in the stationary and ambulatory treatment.The study material and method:Diagnosis of PUD 2010-2012, The retrospective study has been done on the history of 393 stationary patients in the Gastroenterlogy Department of Orkhon, Uvur-Khangai, Khovd, Dornod’s regional center for diagnosis and, State Central Clinical Hospital, Clinical Hospital-2, Hospital-3 named after Mr. Shastin, Hospitals in Songini Khairkhan District and Nalaikh Districtbut also 107 ambulatory patient’s substantial supply of prescribed drug treatments were compiled by cross sectional studies which is specifically developed study card.WHO advised the drug supply “ Managing drug supply, the selection, the procurement, distribution and use of pharmaceuticals ” method by Jonathan D. Quick, Jamas R. Rakin, Richard O.Laing, Ronald W.O’Connor, Hans V.Hogerzell, M.N.G.Dukes, Andrew and Кобзарь л.в, дрёмова н.Б, глембоцкая г.т мнушко з.н. Statistic was developed and implemented excel, SPSS16.0 programme.Result of the study: In the study 500 people wereabove 20 and average age is 48.36±14.44.As a tertiary Level hospital 27, As a secondary Level hospital 18,Regional Center for Diagnosis 21, ambulatory treatment 22 kinds of drugs were used in PUD’s treatment. Omeprazolum 380, Metronidazolum 242, Sylcoseryl 227 were used.163380.15 tugrug (Mongolian currency) budget is required for Stationary treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) but 987540.95tugrug budget is required for ambulatory treatment.Conclusion:As a tertiary Level hospital 27, As a secondary Level hospital 18 and Regional Center for Diagnosis used 21 kinds of drugs for PUD.22 kinds of tablets were used for Peptic Ulcer Disease in an ambulatoryAs the result of the study 163380.15 tugrug for PUD’s stationary treatment, 987540.95 are required for PUD’s ambulatory treatment.

IntroductionStructure and Function of the digestive organ diseases in that commonly occurred Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is becoming one of the majority diseases in the population furthermore it is tending to increase and peptic ulcer malignity is in the fourth leading tumor which causes to death. Mongolian statistics data estimates that there are totally 355256 structures and function of the digestive organ diseases were registered in 2011. 25.2 % of stationary disease, 74.8% of is ambulatory diseases from them stationary disease of PUD are 3.74 %, ambulatory disease of PUD are 4.84%.PurposeTo define the types and needs of drugs which are used in the stationary and ambulatory treatment of patients who are suffering from peptic ulcerMaterial and MethodDiagnosis of PUD 2010-2012, The retrospective study has been done on the history of 393 stationary patients in the Gastroenterlogy Unit of Orkhon, Uvur-Khangai, Khovd, Dornod’s regional center for diagnosis and, State Central Clinical Hospital, Clinical Hospital-2, Hospital-3 named after Mr. Shastin, Hospitals in Songino-Khairkhan District and Nalaikh District but also 107 ambulatory patient’s substantial usage of prescribed drug treatments were compiled by cross sectional studies which is specifically developed study card. “The consumption method and morbidity method” by Hogerzell H.V., Jonathan D.Quick., James R.Rakin,(2005) was used due to identify drug needs as WHO advised.ResultsIn the study 500 people were above 20 and average age is 48.36±14.44. As a tertiary Level hospital 27, As a secondary Level hospital 18,Regional Center for Diagnosis 21, ambulatory treatment 22 kinds of drugs were used in PUD’s treatment. Omeprazolum 380, Metronidazolum 242, Sylcoseryl 227 were used. Peptic ulcer disease stationary treatment drug needs are not enough.Conclusions:1. As a tertiary Level hospital27, As a secondary Level hospital18 and Regional Center for Diagnosis used 21 kinds of drugs for PUD. 22 kinds of drugs were used for Peptic Ulcer Disease in an ambulatory2. Peptic ulcer disease stationary treatment drug needs are not enough.

Introduction: Mongolian national drug manufacturers produce only 20% of required medicines and most raw materials used for the manufacturing are imported from China [1]. 2574 medicines and active pharmaceutical ingredients were registered in 2011 and 488 of them were antibiotics [2]. There were 36 medicine manufacturers and only two of them manufactured antibiotic capsules in 2010 [3]. In last year number of manufacturing capsule has been increasing.Aim: The main aim of this investigation was to define items of imported and manufactured capsules and do comparative analysis of some capsules and determine types of the capsule drugs registered in Mongolia.Material and methods: Registered medicine list of Mongolia and questionnaire with 22 questions, and capsules of 2 domestic and 3 foreign manufacturers were used for this investigation. Pharmacists working in seven domestic manufacturers were involved in the questionnaire study. Capsules were analyzed at the Drug Control Laboratory of Monos Pharm Manufacturer.Results, conclusion: 10.84% of registered medicines are capsules, of which 16.33% from India, 7.82% from China, 5.78% from Indonesia, 8.5% from Slovenia, and other countries. 3.4% of registered capsules are manufactured in Mongolia.All medicine manufacturers import hard gelatin capsules from China and use for the manufacturing. 71.4% of domestic manufacturers use technological parameters, 57.1% stability and dissolution, 28.5% chemical properties and interaction with active pharmaceutical ingredients and excepients as the main criteria for the capsule selection used for the manufacturing. 40.0% of capsules used for the manufacturing are 0 size capsule.72.2% of manufactured capsules are antibiotics. Quality parameters of imported and manufactured Quality of manufactured and imported Ampicilline capsules were determined in the frame of this investigation. All Ampicilline capsules were met the requirements of MNS 5097:2007.Conclusion: Items of imported and manufactured capsules, selection criteria of capsules used for the manufacturing were determined. Comparative quality analysis of Ampicilline capsule was done and some quality parameters of imported and manufactured Ampicilline capsule were in accordance of MNS 5097:2007.Key words: Ampicillin trihydrate 500 mg, dissolution testReference:1. д. Цэндээхүү, “Эмийн чанарûн хяналтûн зарим асуудалд”, “зшЭ-ийн хүртээмж, хэрэглээ, чанар, аюулгүй байдлûн талаар туршлага солилцъё” олон улсûн бага хурлûн илтгэлийн хураангуй; 2006.2. Эрүүл мэндийн үзүүлэлт 2011. згха-Эмг. уБ. 20113. Эрүүл мэндийн үзүүлэлт 2010. згха-Эмг. уБ. 20104. монгол улсûн эмийн бүртгэлийн жагсаалт 2013

Background: The resulting 5 core competencies that should be common in health professions’ education aAAAAwzzzzere imbedded in the following vision statement from the summit. In our (the authors) roles as clinical educators and health professional education researchers, we often hear clinician colleagues describe interprofessional competencies as “soft skills” and see them as the “poor cousin” to clinical skills. Methods: The survey instrument contained four scales to evaluate faculty attitudes toward IPE and teamwork adapted from the methods of Curran et al (2007) To define the structure clearer, an exploratory factor analysis using varimax rotation was conducted. The level of significance was p<.0001 for all tests. Results: As shown in results mean score was “Attitudes towards health care team” was 3.85, “Attitudes towards interprofessional education” was 4.02, “Attitudes towards interprofessional learning in the academic setting”.was 3.8. The Kaiser–Meyer-Olkin index was 0.735, indicating sampling adequacy, and the Bartlett Sphericity Chi Square index was 357.8 (p <0.0001). Cronbach’s alpha of the 14 items was 0.793, revialing a high rate of internal consistency. The modified ATHCTS questionnaire was categorized into the four factors “Quality of care”, “Team efficiency”, “Patient centred care”, “Negative factors”. Conclusions Findings suggest that the positive attitude of students towards IPE indicates the need for IPE training.

BACKGROUND The study was based on the facts that high patient satisfaction and good health indicators are common in countries where quality of nursing care and organization has reached high level and skill level of these professionals is the main factor for the improvement of health care service quality. OBJECTIVE Evaluate practical skill levels of nurses who are responsible for pre- and post-operative care in the National First Central Hospital (NFCH). METHOD Using cross-sectional design, we have conducted 120 questions questionnaire, which was developed by Canadian Nursing Association and Kwantlen Polytechnic University in 2008, to determine 4 levels of skill (never done – did independently) among 41 nurses who work in the Department of Surgery of NFCH. Data was analyzed using social studies statistics software SPSS 21. RESULT Average age and average work years of the 41 nurses who work in the Department of Surgery were 29.9±8.6 and 7.7±9.1, respectively. In terms of specialty, 4 were anesthesiology and intensive care nurse (9.8%) and 17 were surgical nurse (41.5%) while almost half of them (20, 48.8%) did not have specialty certification. During the evaluation of practical skill levels of participants in regards to pre- and post-operative care, for checking readiness of respiratory apparatus, there were 9 (22%) nurses who had never done it, 11 (27%) nurses who did it with assistance, 9 (22%) nurses who did it under guidance, and 12 (29%) nurses who did it independently, for checking neurologic function, there were 4 (11%) nurses who had never done it, 3 (7%) nurses who did it with assistance, 7 (17%) nurses who did it under guidance, and 27 (65%) nurses who did it independently, for operation wound care, there were 5 (12%) nurses who had never done it, 2 (5%) nurses who did it with assistance, 11 (27%) nurses who did it under guidance, and 23 (56%) nurses who did it independently, for using nasal and tracheal intubation, there were 10 (24%) nurses who had never done it, 4 (10%) nurses who did it with assistance, 10 (24%) nurses who did it under guidance, and 17 (42%) nurses who did it independently. There was correlation between average work years and skill level (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Varying skill levels (never done it 17.25%, with assistance 12.25%, under guidance 22.5%, and independently 48%) of surgical nurses who are responsible for pre- and post-operative care show that there is a need for improving practical skills of nurses in the Department of Surgery of NFCH.

Background: The immune response has become the basic use of today’s medical and biological sciences understanding, definition and realization when first introduced into the cognitive level with new theory of nine step closed cycle of protons related to membrane potentials three linear and s-NCM. Medicinal preparations for the immune system derived from traditional herbs have rarely been used therefore, we aim to determine the boost-reduction of immune response with preparation Antischemin with ingredients of Gingko biloba, Astragalus membranaceus and Scutellaria baicalensis. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on the innovation-research bio-modeling laboratory of the “New Medicine Medical University”. Sheep blood was taken in heparin tube and centrifuged for 10min with speed of 2000rpm and plasma was isolated. Blood components were washed with physiological solution 3-4 times and 10% blood red cell suspension was prepared. Prepared 0.2ml of 10% sheep red cell suspension was injected to mice tail vein to create immune response model (N.K. Jerne and Nordin (1963)). IL-4 (pg), antibody titre SRBC-IgM(ng/mL), and hemagglutinin titre (%) was measured with ELISA kit and compared with control group. Comparing group animals used Salimon 1 ml/kg, Dexamethasone 1 mg/kg orally. The study was conducted in accordance with the approval of Ethics Review Committee of Ministry of Health (November 02, 2018 and approval number 10, №1). Result : In addition, comparing mice which used Antischemin 100 mg/kg orally with sheep blood injected group at day 5, IL-4 level increased by 12.11%, but conclution of antibodies against sheep blood-IgM concentration decreased by 28.7%, and hemagglutinin titre decreased by 27.5%, meaning we observed that the preparation can suppress immune response. Сonclusions Antischemin preparation meaning observed can suppress immune response.

BACKGROUND. To evaluate educational environment, it is important to use confidential and accepted tool. Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) (3) is a globally accepted and widely used tool to measure the education environment. Regular assessment of educational environment to evaluate teachers’ teaching method, students’ perception and their outcome and making the necessary adjustment to it is one of the factors affecting students’ knowledge, clinical practice and their motivation (4). In the MNUMS program, educational environmental assessment is one of the most important parts and we are unaware of any report of research work. Therefore, the researchers decide to carry this study. AIM OF THE STUDY. This study aimed to evaluate the educational environment in Nursing school of MNUMS using globally accepted DREEM Questionnaire. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This cross-sectional analytic study was carried out in Faculty of Nursing in Darkhan, Dornogobi and Gobi-Altai aimag out of 9 branch school of MNUMS during the academic year 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. DREEM questionnaire was used to collect data from 306 nursing students. RESULT. Most of the participants were female accounted around 89.9% (275) and male were 10.1% (31). By age, age of 17-19 were 25.5%(78), 20-22 were 52.0% (159), 23-25 were 15.0%(46), >26 were 7.5% (23). The mean item score was highest in Dornogobi school of 3.8 and lowest in Nursing school of 3.6. 4th year students’ 68.6% (210) agreed to “more on positive side” for their academic self perception and 22.5% (69) agreed “moving in right direction” for their academic self perception. All domains were statistically significant specially the perception of curriculum (0.854**) and perception of learning (0.803**) have high correlation. On the other hand, perception of educational atmosphere (0.444**) and perception of teachers have moderate correlation. The reliability of questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach alpha and it is counted as reliable if it is more than 0.7. The perception of curriculum was relatively low in 2nd year students but higher in 3rd year students. The perception of educational atmosphere was relatively low in 4th year students but higher in 1st year students. CONCLUSION. The nursing school program is in same level. Students are satisfied with their academic self perception and perception of teachers. The result showed that 68.2% (209) of students consider positive aspect of educational environment (p<0.001). Students of all 4 school of MNUMS with same level of nursing school program are satisfied with their knowledge, clinical skills and educational atmosphere among the students. Dornogobi school students’ 65% assessed perception of teacher as “model instruction”.