The aim of this study to assess dental caries status and some growth indices among preschool children of Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia. The study population consisted of 499 preschool children aged 3-5 years old randomly selected from 6 kindergartens of Ulaanbaatar city. The all children were examined oral examination and body weight and height by anthropometric methods. 1. The caries prevalence of all preschool children was 92.9%. The mean dmft and dmfs score were 8.2±4.8 and 11.7±8.6 of all children, 8.4±4.6 and 12.9±9.1 of 5 years old, 7.8±5.4 and 10.9±9.1 of 4 years old, 8.4±4.7 and 11.3±7.7 of 3 years old, respectively (p<0.01).2. The average body weight and height were 15.8±2.2 кg and 97.7±5.8 cm of 3 years old, 17.2±1.8 kg and 103.4±4.7 cm of 4 years old, 18.5±2.3 kg and 108.1±5.5 cm of 5 years old, respectively (p<0.001).The dental caries prevalence and mean dmft score among preschool children of Ulaanbaatar city were “VERY HIGH” stage, which is determined by criteria WHO. The body height and weight of preschool children of Ulaanbaatar city are increasing year by year. There is not observed significantly the relationship between dental caries status and body growth indices

Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish oral health status among disabled children aged 6-12 years in 6 special schools in Ulaanbaatar. Methods: 428 children with disabilities (cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, mental retardation, blind and hearing disorders) participated in this study. Boys were 50.4%, girls were 49.6% and mean age were 9.921.76. Clinical examination was performed by using a dental mirror and revealed the presence of dental caries, missing (extracted) and fi lled teeth. Each tooth was examined and scored based on the WHO standard (WHO, 1997). The periodontal status was evaluated according to CPI (Community Periodontal Index). The oral hygiene was evaluated according to Green-Vermillion method (1964) values. Results: The dental caries prevalence of all disabled children was 88.3% and average dmft values were 5.714.54 in deciduous teeth, 5.733.72 in mixed dentition and 3.142.81 in permanent teeth. The periodontal status of all children was 70% bleeding after probing and 7% calculus deposit. The oral hygiene was 10% good, 37% fair and 53% poor. Conclusion: This study showed high caries prevalence and DMFT, dmft index and periodontal disease. The oral hygiene index was poor among disabled children in Ulaanbaatar comparing to general population. The main component of DMFT and dmft was decayed teeth, which suggest special oral health promotion policy and urgent treatment, diagnosis and special dental care.

Prevalence rate of congenital cleft lip and palate is different among countries, approximately 0.87-1.03 per 1000 live births. Several studies conducted in our country showed 1 per 1314 live births in 2005 ( Ariuntuul.G et al.), 1 per 1072 live births in 2012 (Ayanga et al.). According to the published review, children with cleft lip and palate are more prone to dental caries compared to the healthy group. The loss of oral physiological function such as eating, breathing, chewing eventually results loss of oral self-cleansing process in children with cleft lip and palate. Aim:To evaluate the oral status in children with cleft lip and palate. Our cross sectional study included 70 children with a congenital cleft lip and palate, aged 2-16 years, who admitted to the Department of Maxillofacial surgery, National Center of Maternal and Child Health. All participants had an oral examination performed by one dentist in a dental office, used only single-use instruments. Incidence of dental caries was determined by WHO method, bleeding from gum and gingivitis was reported along with the CPI, oral hygiene status was determined by the Green Vermillion index. 59% of participants were girls and 41% were boys. Prevalence rate of dental caries in children with cleft lip and palate was 100% during each occlusion period, but intensity of the dental caries was 10.2±4.8 cs/t (SN) in a primary bite, 9.1±3.9 in a mixed bite and 7.7±2.7 in a permanent bite period, respectively. Incidence of gingivitis was 100% in a primary bite period. Prevalence rate of dental caries was 100% among 2-16 year-old children with congenital cleft lip and palate. Dental caries intensity rate among children with congenital cleft lip and palate was significantly higher (6.5) compared to the WHO’ s dental caries intensity rate. Compared to healthy children, incidence of gingivitis was higher, and oral hygiene status was poorer in children with congenital cleft lip and palate, which could have increased the risk of periodontitis and dental caries among these children.

Introduction. In our country dental caries and its complication are very widespread, following more clinical and economical difficult. Dental caries is multifactor infectious disease and its one of the most principal causative agents is acid attack, producing by cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque. If we have to detect the risk group early, we can prevent dental caries and treat in lightly form. In press review, there are a lot of microbiological and colorimetric tests, determining caries activity and identifying caries condition previously (J.Tsubouchi, Ts.Shimono et all., 1995: B.Oyuntsetseg, Y.Okazaki et al., 2004). Since 2005, The improving oral health condition of schoolchildren project invented by Taiwan Dental Association is going in 6 secondary schools of country town. Therefore 6 dentists are working in schools by prevention. There is no research work concerning the comparison the caries activity of pupils of secondary schools. The aims of this study were to compare a caries activity of pupils of secondary schools. Method: The study subjects consisted of 75 pupils and the study carried out in 2007. A dental examination was done using by mouth mirror and explorer under natural light. Before and after the lunch, for each pupil plaque was collected by swabbing from the buccal surfaces of the maxillary teeth using a sterile cotton swab. Each plaque sample was put into the Cariostat medium (21 test, Morita Co., Japan) and incubated at 37 C for 48 hours. After incubation the colorimetric changes were classified into seven grades using the original four grade standard color sample. Then, the pupils were grouped by Cariostat score as low risk (CAT 0-1.5) and high risk (CAT 2.0-3.0). Results: 1. The caries prevalence and deft score of pupils of 76th school were 84.2% and 3.590.31, but 67th school 73.2% and 3.000.31, respectively (p=0.01). 2. As assessed using CAT21 test, for the 76th schools 36.1% of pupils had high risk and 63.9% low risk before lunch, but after lunch 52.8% of pupils had high risk and 47.2% low risk. However, 67th schools 35% high, 65% low, 40% high and 60% low risk, respectively (p=0.01) (p=0.05). Discussion: 1. We carried out this study on two secondary schools with same life style. The caries prevalence and deft score of pupils 67th school were lower than 76th, so that general dentist had always working by preventive purpose for last three years. 2. That plaque pH results showed more stability in 67th school than 76th, may be pupils of 67th started toothbrushing after lunch. Conclusions: This study results showed caries activity of pupils of 76th schools higher than 67th. So that to have a dentist at the secondary schools very important.

Congenital heart disease is the most common group of congenital disorder with a reported prevalence that rates from 8/1000 live births. Also, CHD accounts for nearly one-third of all major congenital anomalies. In recent years, the country’s congenital heart disorders diagnosis has improved significantly, but has been of late diagnosis of cases.Once the diagnosis of congenital heart disorders later case, the resultant complications occurred because the majority is unable to similarly cardiac surgical treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis of congenital heart defects, and thus treatment is necessary to solve the problem early.A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted from January 1st8 2012 and January 1st8 2013 there were 263 deliveries at the Urgoo maternal hospital and child health research center of Mongolia. We reviewed the medical records of all neonatal in 2012-2013 who were born in the Urgoo maternity hospital of Ulaanbaatar and NICU and NCU of National Center of Maternal and Child Health. A total of 263 infants with congenital heart disease.The number of neonatal intensive care unit and neonatal unit with Congenital heart defect was 99 (37.7%) in 2012 were as there 164 (62.3%) in 2013 increasing 1.4 times respectively. A total of 263 infants met the inclusion criteria, of whom 130 (55.1%) were males. The reasons for the higher incidence of congenital heart defect observed in infants remain unclear.The most frequently occurring conditions were patent ductus arteriosus /21.7%/, arterial septal defect with patent foramen ovale /41.2%/, other majority defect-31.9%, Dextracaria-5,2%. This raises question regarding the clinical significance of some of lesions, such as small VSDs, which are widely considered to be congenital heart defects. When all clinical presentations of heart disease were analyzed together, atrial septal defect (ASD), Ventricular septal defect (VSD), and Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) accounted for 62.9% of all defects identified. From diagnosed CHD with percent less than was critical congenital heart defect, which required urgent surgical treatment in neonate period.CHD is expected to increase in the coming years. Thus, when the fetus is affected by a malignant diagnosis.According to the survey findings to diagnose congenital heart defects in the first weeks of the prognosis and treatment options, and shows that it is important to prevent complications. Obstetric and regional diagnostic centers in rural pediatric cardiologist and ultrasound machines shows that it is important for diagnosis and treatment.

The aim of this study to assess relationship between the dental caries status and growth indices among 3-year-old children of Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia. The caries prevalence and mean dmft, dmfs score of all children were 94.3% and 8.3±4.8, 11.1±8.6 (p<0.01). The percent of high caries activity children of central kindergarten was higher than peripheral by 25,2% (p<0.01) and of high buffer capacity children was lower by 21,9%, respectively (p>0.05). Children with high salivary flow rate were 3.2% in central kindergarten and 0% in peripheral. The mean±SD of body weight (p<0.05) and height (p>0.05) of boys were 15.2±2.2kg and 97.0±6.0cm, of gils 15.9±1.9kg and 97.6±5.8cm, of caries free children 15.9±1.5kg аnd 97.0±5.4cm, and of children with caries 15.6±2.1kg and 97.4±5.4cm (p>0.05), respectively. Children of peripheral kindergarten were lower by 1,4kg and 3.4cm than central (p<0.001). There were the weak and negative correlation between dental caries and growth indices among 3-year-old children of Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia.

Background: Bite force is one indicator of the functional state of the masticator system that results from the action of jaw elevator muscles modified by the craniomandibular biomechanics [Bakke.M 2006]. Determination of individual bite force level has been widely used in dentistry. The correlations of maximum bite force are studied in terms of gender, age, weight, height, body type, previous history of orthodontic treatment have shown in earlier studies.Aim: The aim of this study is to determine relationship between of bite force of the first permanent molar and some growth indices of children.Materials and Method: A total of 276 children, aged 12–16 years, were randomly chosen from the secondary schools No.33, 57, 67. A dental examination was done by using a mouth mirror and probe under natural light. Bite force of the first permanent molar was measured by an occlusal force meter GM10. Body height and body weight were determined by RGZ–120–RT scale. The results were considered to be significant at p-values below 0.05; the SPSS 16.0 for Windows wasused.Result: The average of the first permanent molar’s bite force was 572.9±8.24N and it was more in male than in female. The bite of the first permanent molar had a significant positive correlation to the body height, body weight (p<0.05).Conclusion: The bite force of the first permanent molar increases throughout growth of children.

Dental caries is prevent problem, not only Mongolia, but also world wide. According to World Health Organization’s report in 1976 the mean DMFT of 12 years old of Mongolian children was 1.48 and in 1990 was 2.6. According to Mongolian research studies, the prevalence of caries and mean DMFT children within the age range of 3-17 years old was 79.2% and 3.88 and in 3-5 years old children were 4.9 correspondingly. Several investigators have reported increasing caries rate among Mongolian children, especially those living in cities. The aim of this study to access dental caries status among preschool, children of Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia.The study covered 294 preschool children who were 3 - 5 years randomly selected from 2 kindergartens of Ulaanbaatar city. Design: Cross – sectional study, oral epidemiological survey based on World Нealth Organization methodology clinical examination.The caries prevalence of all preschool children was 85%. The caries prevalence in 3 years old children was 75.6%, in 4 years old, it was 85.78% in 5 years old, it was 93.8%. The caries prevalence was high among 5 years old children. The mean dmft score was 6.2±0.2 all children.Only 15% of the children were caries free. The caries prevalence of the preschool children was 85%, and the mean dmft (decayed, missing, filled tooth) were 6.2±0.2. The dental caries prevalence and mean dmft score among preschool children of Ulaanbaatar city were “VERY HIGH” stage which is determined by criteria World Health Organization.

Background: The resulting 5 core competencies that should be common in health professions’ education aAAAAwzzzzere imbedded in the following vision statement from the summit. In our (the authors) roles as clinical educators and health professional education researchers, we often hear clinician colleagues describe interprofessional competencies as “soft skills” and see them as the “poor cousin” to clinical skills. Methods: The survey instrument contained four scales to evaluate faculty attitudes toward IPE and teamwork adapted from the methods of Curran et al (2007) To define the structure clearer, an exploratory factor analysis using varimax rotation was conducted. The level of significance was p<.0001 for all tests. Results: As shown in results mean score was “Attitudes towards health care team” was 3.85, “Attitudes towards interprofessional education” was 4.02, “Attitudes towards interprofessional learning in the academic setting”.was 3.8. The Kaiser–Meyer-Olkin index was 0.735, indicating sampling adequacy, and the Bartlett Sphericity Chi Square index was 357.8 (p <0.0001). Cronbach’s alpha of the 14 items was 0.793, revialing a high rate of internal consistency. The modified ATHCTS questionnaire was categorized into the four factors “Quality of care”, “Team efficiency”, “Patient centred care”, “Negative factors”. Conclusions Findings suggest that the positive attitude of students towards IPE indicates the need for IPE training.

Neonatal mortality is declining in our FIRST MATERNAL HOSPITAL last few years but the number of preterm babies are increasing. Globally, the main causes of neonatal deaths are preterm birth complications (35 per cent), intrapartum-related complications (complications during labor and delivery) (24 per cent), and sepsis (15 per cent). Together, these three causes account for almost three quarters of all neonatal deaths.We have analyzed 51 medical records who have died in neonatal intensive care unit of Urgoo maternal hospital. 23 questionnaries were analyzed.Premature infant deaths basis of the mother’s birth disorders and mother abnormality. Furthermore, abruption placenta 25.1%, caesarian section 57.1%, hypertonus–21.4%.Prevention of fetal lung under development treatment did not affect 67.8% mortality. Chronic hypoxia is 46.4%, not a day mortality 25.4%, treating was 1–3 days mortality rate is 57.1% is the ability to live shows children die. Compared treated for complications premature infant mortality is 14.2%, causes premature infant mortality is ischemia of brain.Based on the study of maternal hospital mortality in the treatment of premature infants most important thing is CPAP machine it is premature to reduce infant mortality 30.7per cent. Is necessary to use with respiratory distress syndrome infant most important thing is surfactant treatment.