Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED), also known as impotence, is defined as a consistent or recurrent inability to attain and/or maintain penile erection sufficient for sexual performance [1]. According to recent study results, ED occurs more than 50% over 60 year old males, emphasizing a need to diagnose and treat it at an earlier stage. ED may be assessed in several ways. The most widely used standardized questionnaire is the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) with 15 questions, which also exists in a short form with 5 questions [2]. On the other hand, ED is associated with a decreased level of androgens in aging males; the latter is often referred to as a Late Onset Hypogonadism (LOH) or Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome (TDS). In simple terms, LOH or TDS can be defined as a decreased serum testosterone level in aging males [3, 4]Objective: To detect the testosterone deficiency syndrome in aging males with erectile dysfunction. Materials and Methods. 309 males over 40 years of age who received medical care at the ADAM urological and andrological clinic from 2010 to 2011 were included in this study. An approval of the Ethical Committee of MOH was obtained at the commencement of the study. Each study participant signed a consent form at the beginning of the study. Each participant was assigned to either an ED group or a control group depending on results of the IIEF-5 questionnaire. The ED group was further divided into three groups (moderate, severe and very severe) based on a level of ED. The total testosterone (TT) levels were determined in blood serum, using a competitive ELISA analytical system UBI MAGIWELTM TestosteroneQuantitative test (GLS, USA), with C.V. (%) 6.8 and free testosterone (FT) calculated as described by Vermeulen. Test samples were collected between 8.00-11.00 am. The biochemical diagnosis of TDS was based on the Study Aging Male (ISSAM) guidelines of the International Society, particularly, if TT was _3.46 ng/ml or free testosterone FT was ≤0.072 ng/ml [5].Results: ED of moderate, severe and very severe levels were diagnosed in 199 (64.41%) out of 309 participants. There was an inverse association between an erectile function and age (r=-0.380, p <0.01). The average TT was 5.75±2.316 ng/ml and FT was 0.091±0.0084 ng/ml. Compared to the ED group, the control group had a higher TT level: 5.6440±1.177 ng/ml and 5.812±2.316 ng/ml respectively. In the control group the FT level was 0.061±0.0084 ng/ml whereas it was 0.041±0.0076 ng/ml in the ED group. Conclusion: Our study showed that most of aging males who came to the clinic had a moderate to very severe ED (64.55%). The level of TT (5.644±1.177 ng/ml) and FT (0.041±0.0036 ng/ml) was significantly lower in ED patients (p<0.05). The testosterone deficiency syndrome was detected in 24.27% of the ED group.

BACKGROUND: Assessing the customer’s satisfaction of the health care services, professional organizations suggest the special methods to study what they want and don’t want and how much can pay for the service. For this purpose, we conducted the study to determine the satisfaction of the customers of Darkhan-Uul province health care organizations in 2016, according to the international experience. The survey was conducted in the Darkhan-Uul province Health Department, in general hospitals, public and private medical institutions in 2015 and 2016 respectively. On the basis of a unified methodology according to the order of the Ministry of Health No. 13 of 2014, the survey was conducted on the basis of a special questionnaire prepared in accordance with articles 22 and 23 of the Minister of Health No. 448. The results of the consumer survey, customer satisfaction in Darhan-Uul province by 2016 were higher than in 2015, a good estimate of 1.4%, an average rating of 10.4% and below was a poor estimate of 11.8%. The survey shows the need to consider the issue of equality, which is a key issue in the field of human rights, the formulation of political environments and the regulation of their situation.

BACKGROUND Congenital and acquired hearing loss considered as the most common disability. According to the WHO report, 360 million people worldwide have disabling hearing loss, and 32 million of these are children. Severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss can be treated successfully with cochlear implants. Post implant Auditory Verbal Therapy/ Hearing Implant Rehabilitation is essential for the progress and better outcome. Multidisciplinary team approach, including ENT, audiologist, speech therapy, social worker, coordinator, caregiver /parent is required. The first clinical speech therapy department in Mongolia was established by the School of Dentistry, MNUMS based at the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the MCNHC in 2006 (G. Ariuntuul, B. Bulgan, U. Azzaya). Where as the very first Cochlear Implanted child in Mongolia was received the surgery and audiology support by A. Ulziibayar, L. Byambasuren, B. Misheel, B. Narantya and the hearing implant rehabilitation treatment successfully conducted by the abovementioned speech team in 2009. Aim: To analyze current situation on speech therapy intervention for patients with hearing loss and deafness. METHODS Retrospective hospital data were collected based on the School of Dentistry, Speech therapy department between January, 2009- February, 2017. In total 70 patients’ information were retrieved for the study. Descriptive method is used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Out of 70 patients, attended speech therapy sessions 38 (54%) were males, 32 (46%) were females; where as 21 (30%) had congenital deafness and 28 (40%) acquired; 21 (30%) patients with hearing loss not known their causes of deafness. From the total of 28 (100%) cases with acquired hearing loss/deafness 11 (39%) patients cause of deafness is due to complication from infectios disease: meningitis.

Justification: Researchers highlighted an importance of health professionals’ participation (1), (2), a role on behavior change in primary health care services (3)evidence based health policy and program (4)(5) байгааг and health promotion to reduce a prevalence of both communicable and non-communicable diseases in Mongolia. Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences trains public health researchers and health social workers in the last ten years. It has been developed a guideline of required compulsory professional competence in which, students of SPH should acquire knowledge, skills including behavior change strategy and implement interventions, behavior change assessment at individual, family, group and community levels. Purpose: Aim of this research is to identify key words and content of "health Behavior" and "health Promotion" in undergraduate courses of School of public health (SPH) and compare with a content of compulsory professional competence requirements. Methodology and Materials: We used a summative content analysis [6] to identify key words and content of ‘’health behavior’’ and ‘’health promotion’’ in 140 courses between 2009 and 2016 and compared with 17 required compulsory professional competence in blue print guideline [7]. Results: Planned academic hours of ‘’health behavior and promotion’’ in courses of health social work was insufficient and they covered several theories with no content of implementation, application, evidence based practices and examples. For students of public health researchers, there are required compulsory 8 skills of health behavior, however skills and knowledge were slightly covered in courses of ”food safety”, “health of kids and adolescent” and “occupational health”. Conclusion Undergraduate courses for health social workers and public health researchers were based solely on “individual health behavior theories’’. The included content of the theory, application of organization and community behaviors was insufficient in the existing “health behavior” course.

BACKGROUND: In Ulaanbaatar, the first case of the pandemic influenza infection has been reported on 12 October 2010.By November 9, a total of 929 cases laboratory-confirmed had been reported to National Center for CommunicableDiseases (NCCD). Of these cases reported, 9 people died.METHODS: The objectives of the study were to describe patients who admitted and hospitalized at NCCD and to determineoverall attack rates among health workers, secondary attack rates among students of colleges and universities. Datawas analyzed using Epi-Info2000.RESULTS: Among 929 of laboratory-confirmed cases, 50.3% (95% CI 43.0-57.5) were males aged 23 (±14.9) in averagewith youngest – 7 months, oldest – 76 years old. Data analysis by districts among the hospitalized patients, showed32.8% (139) of total cases in Bayanzurkh district including the first case of the pandemic influenza infection. The majorityof patients who admitted and hospitalized to NCCD mostly experienced fever (288, 68.1%), dry cough (251, 59.3%),headache (203, 48.0%), sore throat (175, 41.6%). With 1020 physicians and health workers in total, 41.4% (422) ofthem work at NCCD, 35.4% (361) – at MCHRC. 11.1% of health workers out of total become ill with pandemic H1N12009 (overall attack rate 11.1%) with the most common symptom, 380C and higher fever (100.0%, 113), sore throat(83.2%, 94), cough (76.1%, 86) and runny nose (59.3%, 67). The higher attack rates of health workers by occupationwere doctor (18.0%) and auxiliary (13%). The secondary attack rates among university students for influenza-likeillness(ILI) were 12.9%. These secondary attack rates were higher among students of art’s college as compared withother universities (52.4%). For students, the main clinical symptoms were fever + sore throat (75.0%, 18), fever+ cough(70.8%, 17).DISCUSSION: In China, as of 27 September, 2009, from reported total 19981 cases infected with pandemic influenza,61.0% were males, mean age was 17, mainly affected with 83% school students that consistent with our study result.The similar results on clinical symptoms were obtained in Russia. Out of 130 patients, 28.6% had 380Ñ and higherfever, for 54.3% the body temperature reached 38.1-390Ñ where as 17.1% - higher 390Ñ and 96% had cough, 89%had muscle ache, 65% had headache, 14% had diarrhea.

BACKGROUND In recent years, the new treatment and technology developing quickly however, the disease prevention therapy necessary investigate in preventive dentistry. Oil pulling is a traditional Indian folk remedy and Researchers et al previously first time investigated this method. Asokan S, Emmadi P, Chamundeswari et al have indicated the antibacterial activity of sesame oil against on oral microorganisms and found the bacterial growth decreased 20%. In our country, this has not been investigated thus . AIM The aim of this study to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of sunflower oil for reducing micro bacterial count in the oral cavity. METHODS The present study was a parallel design, double-blind, randomized clinical trial with two groups which collected from 162 dental students at the MNUMS, School of Dentistry. The participants rinsed a mouth by 10 ml oil 5 min twice a day after meal and all participants used the same teeth paste during the study period. Oral health status and plaque index were obtained and assessed at baseline and after 30 days of oil therapy . RESULTS However, the Oral health status index not reduced after 30 days. The baseline bacterial count mean of treatment group: a) 0-15 colons subgroup increased from 40.4% to 55.4%, b) 16-200 colons subgroup reduced from 33.3% to 28.6% and c) >201 colons subgroup reduced from 26,3% to 16.1%. In the control group no differences the bacterial count means on baseline and after therapy. CONCLUSION The oil rinse therapy can be used as valuable preventive agents in maintaining and improving oral health furthermore reduced plaque formation and bacterial colonization 15%.

BACKGROUND. To identify the prevalence of oral lesions in HIV positive group of patients, and to compare their CD4 cell count and viral load to stages of disease progress. MATERIAL AND METHODS. In the present study, we evaluated 30 HIV+ adult patients, attended to the AIDS/STI Department of National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health Mongolia. Each patient was clinically examined for detection of oral mucosal lesions. In addition, CD4 cell count was determined by Flow Cytometry, as well as viral load by RT-PCR (Amplicor HIV- RNA, TM test 1.5, Roche) RESULTS. 46% of all examined HIV/AIDS patients had oral lesions. Oral Candidiasis constituted the most common lesion, representing 35%, Herpes 22%, followed by Oral Leukoplakia 17%, Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis 9%, Aphthous Recurrent Stomatitis 13%, Kaposi’s sarcoma 4%. The patients, who have a viral load high exhibited oral lesions related to HIV, independent of CD4 cell count, although patients with CD4+ levels of 233 cel/mm3 were more susceptible to develop these lesions. СONCLUSION. The most common oral lesion was Oral Candidiasis, followed by Oral Leukoplakia and Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis. A high viral load was strongly associated to the oral lesions occurrence independently of CD4+cell count..

ABSTRACT. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, or RAS, is common oral disorder of uncertain etiopathogenesis for which only symptomatic therapy is available. This article reviews the current clinical features of RAS among study patients and the result of therapeutic effects of the herbal preparation Akhizunber. Over the past four years we have treated 61 RAS patients with different clinical forms by herbal preparation Akhizunber or Alumekatin. The distribution of clinical forms RAS RAS among study patients were minor aphthae -75.4%, major aphthae -16.4% and herpetiform ulcers -8.2% respectively. The healing time of treated Akhizunber was in minor aphthae -9.28±4.82 days, major aphthae -14 days and herpetiform ulcers -12 days. Of the total study participants, the patients treated by Akhizunber reported a rapid and complete recovery from RAS during treatment compared with treated patients by Alumekatin. Treatment with herbal preparation Akhizunber can be effective for patients suffering from RAS in any clinic form, regardless of their ulcer number and size.

Aphthae are common oral lesions that affect approximately 10% to 20% of the population. Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers (RAU) are usually classified into three different types: minor, major and herptiform RAU. The etiology of aphthous stomatitis is unknown but according to increasing evidence, its development has an immunogenic process that causes the ulceration of the involved oral mucosa. Similar-appearing lesions may arise in following systemic disorders: 1. Behcet’s disease 2. Sweet’s syndrome 3. Cyclic neutropenia 4. Benign familial neutropenia 5. MAGIC syndrome 6. A periodic syndrome with fever and pharyngitis 7. Various nutritional deficiencies with or without underlying gastrointestinal disorders Several studies from the UK, United States, and Spain have demonstrated that hematinic deficiency (iron, folic acid, or vitamin B12) are twice as common in RAS patients than incontrols. Case report: A 10 year old male patient presented a 3-year history of episodes of multiple minor recurrent Ulcers, this year major aphthae on the anterior ventral surface of the soft palate. Patient had difficulty in eating and in speech. Clinical examination revealed multiple symptomatic ulcers with a perilesional erythematous halo covered with a pseudomembrane. The size of major aphthae was than 20 mm in diameter. The ulcers were not associated with any type of discharge. The ulcers were tender on palpation. The medical history and the family history were non-contributory. A clinical diagnosis of major aphthous ulcers was made on the basis of the history and the clinical examinations. The patient was subjected to a therapeutic regimen consisting of daily topical application of Prednizoloni 0.05%, topical lidoksor and systemic vitamin and Cefatoxime Natrii, Immunomodulators Biferon, Amphotericin B. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) or recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) remains a common oral mucosal disorder in most communities of the world. Proper systemic evaluation is important before prescribing the medication.

65 Non-bacterial originated tooth wear is a normal process which occurs throughout lif. If the rate of loss is likely to prejudice the survival of the teeth, or is a source of concern to the patient, then it may be considered ‘pathological’. Robb reported that the prevalence of pathological loss of tooth tissue in patients less than 26 years of age was greater than in many older age groups. Tooth surface loss was classified into 4 groups: attrition, erosion, abfraction and abrasion. To find the prevalence of four different types of tooth wear among patients visited Digital Dental Office, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia and investigate their dental attrition severity. Methods: From total of patients visited Digital Dental Office clinic between September 2016 and September 2017 adults aged 16-62 who was found with any type of tooth wear were explored by 4 types. Those patients with attrition were chosen and severity was determined by Bardsley’s simplified tooth wear index (TWI). There were total of 5432 patients examined and treated during this period of time. From them total of 1002 patients aged 16-62 presented some degree of tooth hard tissue wear/dental attrition. Most of the patients were with combination of 4 types of tooth wear: attrition, abrasion, abfraction and erosion. Attrition (At) was found in 68 patients which was only 6.7%, Abrasion (Ab) in14 people-1.3%, Abfraction (Abf) in 4-0.3%, Erosion (Er) in 2 -0.1% alone. The combination of these types of tooth hard tissue was dominant. At+ab+abf+er in 59 patients of total 1002 (5.8%). At+ab+er in 58 (5.7%). Ab+abf in 29 (2.8%). At+er in 25 patients (2.4%). Er+ab in 27 (2,6%). At+abf+er in 264 people (26.3%). At+abf in 452 (45.1%), which was the most prevalent combination. Dental attrition severity in these 1002 patients were shown as following: -0-0- No loss of contour. -1-229 people (22.8%) - Loos of enamel surface characteristics. Minimal loss of contour. -2- 505 people (50.3 %) - Loss of enamel exposing dentine for less than one third of surface.Loss of enamel just exposing dentine. Defect less than 1 mm deep. -3- 211 people (21 %) - Loss of enamel exposing dentine for more than one third of surface.Loss of enamel and substantial loss of dentine. Defect less than 1-2 mm deep. -4-57 people (5.6%) - Complete enamel loss - pulp exposure - secondary dentin exposure.Pulp exposure or exposure of secondary dentine. Defect more than 2mm deep - pulp exposure - secondary dentine exposure. In this descriptive study showed patients with some degree of tooth wear were around 19% from total patients visited during 1 year of period. Four types of tooth hard tissue wear shown as a different combination, very low percentage was in these types alone. Most of the attrition patients were with mild to moderate degree of enamel loss. This kind of study should be continued to explore harmful dentofacial change