1.Molecular Mechanisms of Appetite Regulation.
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal 2012;36(6):391-398
The prevalence of obesity has been rapidly increasing worldwide over the last several decades and has become a major health problem in developed countries. The brain, especially the hypothalamus, plays a key role in the control of food intake by sensing metabolic signals from peripheral organs and modulating feeding behaviors. To accomplish these important roles, the hypothalamus communicates with other brain areas such as the brainstem and reward-related limbic pathways. The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin and pancreatic beta-cell-derived insulin inform adiposity to the hypothalamus. Gut hormones such as cholecystokinin, peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, and oxyntomodulin transfer satiety signals to the brain and ghrelin relays hunger signals. The endocannabinoid system and nutrients are also involved in the physiological regulation of food intake. In this article, we briefly review physiological mechanisms of appetite regulation.
Adiposity
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Appetite
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Appetite Regulation
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Brain
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Brain Stem
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Cholecystokinin
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Developed Countries
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Eating
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Endocannabinoids
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Feeding Behavior
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Ghrelin
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Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
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Hunger
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Hypothalamus
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Insulin
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Leptin
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Obesity
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Oxyntomodulin
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Pancreatic Polypeptide
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Peptide YY
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Prevalence
2.Expression of oxyntomodulin in bifidobacteria and effect of oxyntomodulin-transformed bifidobacteria on the body weight of obese mice.
Ruo-ting LONG ; Wei-sen ZENG ; Shen-qiu LUO ; Jiao GUO ; Yuan-zao LIN ; Qing-song HUANG
Journal of Southern Medical University 2009;29(9):1796-1798
OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of pBBADs-OXM-transformed bifidobacteria on the body weight of obese mice.
METHODSB. longum was transformed with pBBADs-OXM by electroporation, and arabopyranose-induced oxyntomodulin expression by the bacterium was detected by ELISA. pBBADs-OXM-transformed bifidobacteria was administered orally obese mice on a daily basis with pBBADs-GFP-transformed bifidobacteria as the negative control, and the body weight changes of the mice were observed.
RESULTSOXM was detected by ELISA not only in the supernatant but also the precipitant of the transformed bacterial culture. The body weight of the obese mice fed with pBBADs-OXM-transformed bifidobacteria decreased significantly compared with that of the mice in the obese model group (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONAdministration of pBBADs-OXM-transformed B.longum can reduce the body weight of obese mice.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Appetite Depressants ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; Bifidobacterium ; genetics ; metabolism ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Electroporation ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Obesity ; drug therapy ; Oxyntomodulin ; administration & dosage ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; biosynthesis ; genetics