Animals ; Liver ; drug effects ; Methylene Chloride ; toxicity ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress

Humans ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Oxidoreductases ; metabolism ; physiology

Animals ; Arsenates ; toxicity ; Female ; Kidney ; drug effects ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of trichloroethylene (TCE) on cultured normal human epidermis keratinocytes (NHEK) in vitro.

METHODSNR(50) values (the concentration of neutral red absorbed is reduced to 50%) of TCE on NHEK were assayed by neutral red uptake (NRU), and the administered dose of TCE was determined. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and oxidative stress were assessed by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) contens and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to observe morphologic changes, flow cytometer (FCM) was used to measure DNA contents and calculate cell apoptosis rate and proliferation index (PI).

RESULTSNR(50) values of TCE on NHEK was found to be 4.53 mmol/L (95% CI: 3.92-5.13 mmol/L). The increase in MDA content and inhibition of SOD activity in a concentration-dependent manner were shown after NHEK was treated with a series of dose of TCE 4 h later, and typical morphologic changes of apoptosis were also observed by TEM examination. FCM analysis revealed a sub-G(1) peak in the apoptotic cells. The apoptotic rate in TCE 0.125, 0.500, 2.000 mmol/L exposed groups (31.83%, 38.63%, 44.35%, respectively) were significantly higher than that in blank control (18.42%), while PI in TCE 0.125, 0.500, 2.000 mmol/L group (3.26%, 2.48%, 2.07%, respectively) were significantly lower than that in blank control (4.99%).

CONCLUSIONTCE may induce apoptosis of cultured NHEK in vitro, and inhibit cell proliferation through lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Epidermis ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; drug effects ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Oxidative Stress ; Trichloroethylene ; toxicity

This article summarizes the current studies on the pathological mechanism of Parkinson's disease as well as the advance in studies traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) experiments in prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease in the latest decade in terms of prevention and treatment of PD by TCM, inhibition of oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial energy metabolism, inhibition of neural immune and inflammatory responses, reduction of neural toxicity, inhibition of apoptosis and abnormal protein aggregation.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Parkinson Disease ; drug therapy ; etiology ; pathology ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the cytotoxicity of indium chloride (InCl₃) and its effects on micro-nucleus formation in primary human lymphocytes cultured in vitro.

METHODSThe CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of 24 h exposure to different concentrations of InCl₃(4, 40, 80, 200, 500, and 1 000 µmol/L) in lymphocytes cultured in vitro. The cytokinesis-block method was used to determine the micronucleus level in lymphocytes exposed to different concentrations of InCl₃and the effects of anti-oxidant vitamin C on micronucleus frequency.

RESULTSLymphocytes exposed to InCl₃of no less than 500 µmol/L had significantly lower survival rates than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Lymphocytes exposed to 80 µmol/L InCl₃had a significantly higher micronucleus frequency than those in the control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no further increase in micronucleus frequency of lymphocytes exposed to 200 µmol/L InCl₃. Lymphocytes cultured in whole blood and exposed to 500 or 1000 µmol/L InCl₃had a significantly increased micronucleus frequency than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The increase in micronucleus frequency of lymphocytes induced by indium could be partially antagonized by 20 or 100 µmol/L vitamin C.

CONCLUSIONInCl₃can induce an increase in micronucleus frequency of primary human lymphocytes cultured in vitro, which might be associated with DNA damage induced by oxidative stress.

Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Cytokinesis ; DNA Damage ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Indium ; toxicity ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Oxidative Stress

OBJECTIVEto study the oxidative stress of rats with acute paraquat poisoning and the intervention of Sodium Dimercaptopropane Sulfonate (NA-DMPS).

METHODSEighty male SD rats were randomizedly divided into: the normal control group (n=8), NA-DMPS control group (n=8), the PQ group (n=32, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with 1% PQ solution at the dosage of 20 mg/kg) and the NA-DMPS protected group (n=32). The rats in the groups of normal and NA-DMPS control were sacrificed 1d after administration of NS or NA-DMPS. And the rats in the PQ group and the NA-DMPS protected group were sacrificed at 6h, 1, 3, 7d after poisoning. Samples of serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were gathered. The MDA and CAT in serum, BALF and lung homogenate, the glutathione (GSH) in serum and BALF were measured. And the expression of Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA in lung was tested with RT-PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the activities of MDA and CAT in serum, BALF and lung homogenate are higher in both groups of PQ and NA-DMPS protected. And compared with the PQ group, the activities of MDA in serum, BALF and lung homogenate of the NA-DMPS protected group decreased significantly at 6h, 1d after poisoning, whereas the activities of CAT are higher at 6h, 1, 3d in serum and 1, 3d in BALF and lung homogenate (P<0.05 or P<0.001). The serum GSH at 6h, 3d of the NA-DMPS protected group [(730.07 +/- 16.23), (793.66 +/- 7.40)] were higher than those in the PQ group. And the BALF GSH at 1, 3d of the NA-DMPS protected group [(609.75 +/- 6.74), (631.83 +/- 12.03)] were also markedly higher than the PQ group (P<0.05 or P<0.001). The expression of NRF2 mRNA of the lung at 1, 3, 7d in the PQ group [(0.71 +/- 0.061), (1.023 +/- 0.158), (0.969 +/- 0.046)] and the NA-DMPS protected group [(1.005 +/- 0.06), (1.464 +/- 0.166), (1.066 +/- 0.191)] were significantly higher than those in the control groups. Compared with the PQ group, the expression of NRF2 mRNA of the lung increased markedly in the NA-DMPS protected group at 1, 3d (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONNa-DMPS decreases the activity of MDA and increases the activity of CAT, GSH and the expression of Nrf2 mRNA. NA-DMPS can protected rats from PQ intoxication by improving the balance of redox reaction.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Unithiol ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo Study the effect of anti-aging and its mechanism of total saponins of Wu-He Dipsacus asper on skin of mice-aging model.

METHODSForty-eight mice were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, low-Dipsacus group, medium-Dipsacus group, high-Dipsacus group and positive control group( n = 8) . The mouse model of skin aging was established by nape subcutaneous injection of 5% D-galactose (0.025 mL/(g · d)), the mouse of low-Dipsacus group, medium-Dipsacus group, high-Dipsacus group were administered with total saponins of Wu-He Dipsacus asper (50 ml/(kg · d), 100 mL/(kg · d), 200 mL/(kg · d)), the mice of the positive control group were administered with vitamin E(50 mg/(kg · d)) for 42 d. The content of hydroxyproline (HYP) and lipofuscin (LF) were measured in skin of each group mice, the activity of catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondi- aldehyde (MDA) were determined in serum and skin of each group mice.

RESULTSCompared with blank control group, the content of HYP decreased significantly and the content of LF increased significantly in skin, the activities of CAT, GSH-Px and SOD decreased significantly and the content of MDA increased significantly in serum and skin of model group; Compared with model group, the content of HYP increased significantly and the content of LF decreased significantly in skin, the activities of CAT, GSH-Px and SOD enhanced significantly and the con- tent of MDA decreased significantly in serum and skin of low-Dipsacus group, medium-Dipsacus group, high-Dipsacus group and positive control group; Compared with low-Dipsacus group, the content of HYP increased significantly and the content of LF decreased significantly in skin, the activities of CAT, GSH-Px and SOD enhanced significantly and the content of MDA decreased significantly in serum and skin of high-Dipsacus group and positive control group; The activity of SOD in serum and skin had a significant positive correlation with the content of HYP, and a significant negative correlation with LF in skin.

CONCLUSIONTotal saponins of Wu-He Dipsacus asper have obvious effect of anti-agng on skin of mouse-aging model , its mechanism is closely related to oxidative damage.

Animals ; Dipsacaceae ; chemistry ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Skin Aging ; drug effects

Benzofurans ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects

To study the effect of exogenous oxygen, we added water solution of paraquat to 7 d cultures of Coriolus versicolor for the next 148 h. Enzyme exudation and biochemical process were investigated on the addition of paraquat. We found that compared with the control (without paraquat), the addition of 30 micromol/L paraquat stimulated the activity of manganese dependent peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP), and laccases (Lac) 7, 2.5 and 1.3 times, respectively. Also, addition of paraquat enhanced activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the first 48 h. Impact of paraquat on ligninolytic enzymes was significant than that on antioxidant enzyme. Addition of paraquat enhanced phenolic compounds and formaldehyde of cultures too. And concentration of malondialdehyde was increased in the first 24 h. The results showed that addition of paraquat promoted oxidative stress, but the antioxidant systems of the fungal strain are sufficient to prevent mycelia from oxidative stress. As exogenous oxygen, paraquat might be a useful substrate in degradation of lignocellulose.
Fungi ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Lignin ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Paraquat ; pharmacology ; Peroxidases ; metabolism