This study was designed and undertaken to find out the degree of powerlessness, self-esteem and family support of elderly home residents and to determine the relationship between powerlessness, self-esteem and family support. The data were collected from October 1st to 20th, 1998. The subjects in this study were 271 elderly home residents over the age 60 living in Taejon city. The study tool for measuring powerlessness was developed by S.E.Chung(1998), the other for measuring self-esteem, was a self-esteem scale developed by Rosenberg, and the tool for measuring family support was developed by Choi(1983), Cobb(1976) and Kang(1984). Data were analysed for percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA and Peason-correlation coefficients using the SPSS program. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The degree of powerlessness, self-esteem and family support was scored avove the median. 2. The relationship between powerlessness and self-esteem revealed a no significant inverse correlation, but powerlessness and family support, showed a significant inverse correlation, and self-esteem and family support, registered a very statistically significant correlation. 3. The general characteristics showing the differences of the elderly' powerlessness were sex, one' s health of state compared to other elderly' and living expense load. These yielded statistically very significant results. 4. The general characteristics showing the differences of the elderly' self-esteem were sex, state of ownership of a house, age, religion, one's health of state compared to other elderly'. Among these, sex and state of ownership of a house revealed statistically very significant differences, also age, religion and one's health of state produced statistically significant differences. 5. The general characteristics showing the differences of the elderly' family support were sex, state of ownership of a house, having some diagnosed diseases or not and one's health of state compared to other elderly' health. These also showed statistically significant differences. In conclusion, the factors influencing the elderly' powerlessness, self-esteem and family support generally were age, sex, their economic independence and health of state(which included especially having a diagnosed disease). Also, the family support was needed to reduce their powerlessness and to have their self-esteem highly.
Aged* ; Daejeon ; Humans ; Ownership

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in professionalism, organizational citizenship behavior and psychological ownership between nurses and nurse officers. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1017 hospital nurses and military nurse officers. The instruments used were the Korean Version of Hall's Professionalism Inventory' modified by Baek (2007), Organizational Citizenship Behavior Qquestionnaire(OCBQ) modified by Lee (2006), and the Psychological Ownership Inventory' developed by Van Dyne and Pierce (2004). RESULTS: The average score for military nurse officers professionalism was 3.15, for organizational citizenship behavior, was 3.43 and for psychological ownership, 3.64. These scores were higher than the scores for hospital nurses. There were significant positive correlations between the variables(r=.47~.581, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate an affirmable outcome and that the significant variables affected levels of Professionalism, Organizational citizenship behavior, and Psychological ownership. So in order to improve the level of variables, there is a need to consider strategies related to organization, work environment and conceptualization as related to the variables.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Ownership

PURPOSE: This study was to survey yangsaeng in Korean elders. METHODS: A total of 250 subjects aged between 60 and 88 were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected with a self-reported questionnaire from April 1 to 30, 2009. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 15.0. RESULTS: Differences in yangsaeng according to general characteristics were as follows. Total yangsaeng and all of yangsaeng categories except seasonal yangsaeng were significantly different according to self-perceived health. Diet yangsaeng was significantly different according to cohabitation, house ownership and self-perceived health. Activity and rest yangsaeng was significantly different according to age, gender, job, successful aging and self-perceived health. Exercise yangsaeng was significantly different according to gender and self-perceived health. Seasonal yangsaeng was significantly different according to successful aging and self-perceived health. Sleep yangsaeng was significantly different according to age, gender, job and self-perceived health. Sex life yangsaeng was significantly different according to all of the variables except religion and successful aging. There was a positive correlation between yangsaeng and the variables. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study may be useful in understanding the health status of community-dwelling elders and developing more specific health promotion programs.
Aging ; Diet ; Health Promotion ; Ownership ; Seasons ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The information in the internet is increasing and the number of people using the Internet to obtain medical information is increasing rapidly too. But, compared to the amount of information, the quality of information is extremely variable. To assess the accuracy of medical information on the Internet, the quality of information about food allergies available on the internet examined. METHODS: Online searches using the phrase "food allergy" were conducted on five major Internet search engines. The first 50 web pages generated by each engine were examined. Making an exception of the web pages which were inaccessible, irrelevant, and duplicated, sixty out of two hundred and fifty web pages were evaluated. Information scores were developed from 1(no statement) to 4 (sufficient) and designed to assess how well the web pages mentioned the summary, symptom, diagnosis, treatment, and education of the patients, and emergent management. RESULTS: When classified by ownership, there were six(10%) oriental clinics, twelve(20%) hospitals, twenty one(35%) profit-making institutions, fourteen(23%) non-profit institutions and seven others (12%). The mean information score(IS) was 10.7. Summary got the highest IS(2.25) and the education for patients and supporters got the lowest IS(1.33). Medical institutions such as hospital and clinic got 12.33 and non-medical institutions got 10.25. But there were no statistically significant differences between these two institutions(P=0.107). CONCLUSION: Overall, the quality of information on food allergy through the Internet was poor. The main reasons are unlimited listings of related information on the Internet and an absence of a reviewing process of the information. Therefore, people should not entirely rely on the Internet for medical information and medical-related institutions such as hospitals, schools, clinics and relevant academic associations should develop an Internet system to improve the quality of information.
Diagnosis ; Education ; Food Hypersensitivity* ; Humans ; Internet* ; Ownership ; Search Engine

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the characteristics of smartphone use in elementary school children and the emotional and behavioral problems associated with smartphone overuse and addiction. METHODS: Children referred to a community based pediatric mental health center were screened for smartphone addiction and related problematic behavior using the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale and the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). RESULTS: 1) Statistically significant differences in gender, usage time, ownership, and internalization symptoms (somatization, anxiety/depression, withdrawal) were observed between the smartphone excessive user group and the control group. 2) Variants showing the most significant correlation with smartphone addiction were usage time, internalization problems somatization, anxiety/depression, withdrawal, aggressive behaviors, and total behavior problems. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated an association of addiction tendency in elementary school children with internalization symptoms. Close observation in the familial and academic setting may be important for children at high risk for smartphone addiction.
Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Ownership

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the characteristics of smartphone use in elementary school children and the emotional and behavioral problems associated with smartphone overuse and addiction. METHODS: Children referred to a community based pediatric mental health center were screened for smartphone addiction and related problematic behavior using the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale and the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). RESULTS: 1) Statistically significant differences in gender, usage time, ownership, and internalization symptoms (somatization, anxiety/depression, withdrawal) were observed between the smartphone excessive user group and the control group. 2) Variants showing the most significant correlation with smartphone addiction were usage time, internalization problems somatization, anxiety/depression, withdrawal, aggressive behaviors, and total behavior problems. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated an association of addiction tendency in elementary school children with internalization symptoms. Close observation in the familial and academic setting may be important for children at high risk for smartphone addiction.
Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Ownership

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the relation between productive activity and physical and psychological ability in elders. METHODS: A total of 294 subjects aged between 60 and 92 were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected with a self-reported questionnaire from May to June, 2008. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS/PC Win. 15.0. RESULTS: Of variance in productive activity, 13.3% was explained by house ownership, number of diseases, and successful aging. Of variance in physical and psychological ability, 25.4% was explained by house ownership, perceived health, number of diseases, and successful aging. The correlation coefficient between productive activity and physical and psychological ability was significant (r=.32, p<.001) CONCLUSION: Findings of this study may be useful in understanding the health status of community-dwelling elders and developing more specific health promotion programs.
Aging ; Aptitude ; Health Promotion ; Motor Activity ; Ownership ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study evaluated dog and cat allergies and their association with allergen avoidance measures in Korean adults. METHODS: The study population consisted of 537 adults who currently kept dogs or cats and participated in a pet exhibition in Korea. The subjects were asked to complete questionnaires regarding pet ownership, allergen avoidance, and allergy symptoms, and underwent skin prick tests. They were considered to have a dog or cat allergy if they suffered from one or more of allergy symptoms during contact with their pets. RESULTS: In total, 103 of 407 dog owners (25.3%) and 45 of 130 cat owners (34.6%) had a dog or cat allergy, respectively. Dog owners kept 1.3±1.5 dogs; this number did not differ according to the presence of dog allergy. Dog owners with a dog allergy had owned their dogs longer than those without (88.0±72.0 vs 67.5±72.7 months, P < 0.05). Cat owners kept 2.1±3.6 cats; this number did not differ according to the presence of cat allergy, nor did the duration of cat ownership. Cat owners with a cat allergy had facial contact and slept with their cats less frequently (8.6±11.9 vs 18.3±27.0 times/day, P < 0.01; 71.1% vs 81.2%, P < 0.05); however, they had their cats shaved and beds cleaned less frequently than those without (1.8±3.3 vs 3.2±4.4 times/year, P < 0.05; 1.5±1.5 vs 3.9±6.0 times/month, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Cat owners with a cat allergy tried to minimize contact with their cats, but efforts to avoid indoor cat allergens were lower than those without. In comparison, dog owners with a dog allergy had kept their dogs for longer time than those without; however, current contact with their dogs and allergen avoidance measures did not differ between the 2 groups.
Adult* ; Allergens ; Animals ; Cats* ; Dogs* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Korea ; Ownership ; Skin

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to identify factors affecting the innovative behavior of military hospital personnel. METHODS: The study involved the analysis of 146 structured questionnaires received from military hospital personnel in D city and S city. Data were collected from January 10 to February 9, 2019. The SPSS/WIN 24.0 program was used for data analysis, which included the t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The multiple regression analysis showed that factors affecting innovative behavior of military hospital staff were the natural reward strategies of self-leadership, behavior-focused strategies of self-leadership, and organization-based psychological ownership (R2=.30). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that to promote innovative behavior in military hospital staff, it is necessary to implement strategies that inspire self-leadership and psychological ownership.
Hospitals, Military ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Ownership ; Reward ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: Behavioral symptoms in dementia (BSD) are one of the most disturbing behaviors to caregivers and a major reason for nursing home placement. Behavioral symptoms are often treated with psychotropic drugs (PD), however, the effect of such drugs for the frail elderly dementia patient is not certain because of their critical adverse effects. Theoretical model applicable to nursing practice for BSD in nursing homes, which is essential in guiding and evaluating such interventions, is absent. This article presents the process of developing a theoretical model of BSD in nursing homes. METHOD: Using Walker and Avants' theory synthesis method, three behavior models and two system models were incorporated into the proposed model to provide the theoretical and analytical explanation of the relationships between PD usage, its determinants, and BSD. RESULTS: Resident variables and nursing home variables related to the two focal concepts (i.e., PD usage and BSD) were identified. Resident variables include demographical characteristics such as age and gender, and dementia-compromised functions such as cognitive and functional impairment. Nursing home variables include facility characteristics such as ownership type and size, and physical and psychosocial environment. CONCLUSION: The proposed model suggests that fulfillment of resident unmet needs through improvement of physical and psychosocial environment may produce better health outcomes of nursing home residents with BSD. Assessment and intervening environmental triggers of such behaviors are also suggested to be prior to the PD usage.
Aged ; Behavioral Symptoms* ; Caregivers ; Dementia* ; Frail Elderly ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Nursing Homes* ; Nursing* ; Ownership ; Psychotropic Drugs