This analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between nutrition and anthropometric indices using the data from a cross-sectional survey of a large national sample, '98 Korean national health and nutrition examination survey. Subjects were selected by stratified multistage probability sampling design and completed dietary questionnares including food intakes for one day by 24-hour recall method. For this analysis, 6566 subjects were selected by age(over 20 years old). For anthropometry, height, weight, and waist- and hip- circumference were measured. They were classified by body mass index(BMI, weight(Kg)/height2(m2)) and waist-hip ratio(WHR, waist circumference(Cm)/hip circumference(Cm)). The nutrients intake of subjects were compared with the recommended daily allowances(RDA). Mean adequacy ratio(MAR) was calculated. Mean heights, weights, BMIs were higher in the groups with nutrient intake over 125% of RDA than the lower intake groups for most nutrients. However, Mean WHR was the highest in the groups with nutrient intake under 75% of RDA for most nutrients excluding iron intake of women aged 20~64 years. Among women aged 20~64 years, means of MAR were 0.71 for obese individuals(BMI>30), 0.72 for subjects with underweight(BMI<18.5), and 0.76 for subjects with normal weight(18.5< or = BMI<25). Normal subjects has statistically significantly higher MAR than those of other groups. However, among elderly people aged over 65 years, obese group had the highest MAR, 0.68. Women with abdominal obesity(WHR>0.9) had lower MAR, 0.71 than those with normal weight(MAR=0.76). From these results, obesity and abdominal obesity seems to be the results of malnutrition including both undernutrition and overnutrition rather than simple problem of excess energy intake. Obesity in elderly people needs to be handled differently from adults.
Adult ; Aged ; Anthropometry ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Malnutrition ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Overnutrition ; Weights and Measures

This analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between nutrition and anthropometric indices using the data from a cross-sectional survey of a large national sample, '98 Korean national health and nutrition examination survey. Subjects were selected by stratified multistage probability sampling design and completed dietary questionnares including food intakes for one day by 24-hour recall method. For this analysis, 6566 subjects were selected by age(over 20 years old). For anthropometry, height, weight, and waist- and hip- circumference were measured. They were classified by body mass index(BMI, weight(Kg)/height2(m2)) and waist-hip ratio(WHR, waist circumference(Cm)/hip circumference(Cm)). The nutrients intake of subjects were compared with the recommended daily allowances(RDA). Mean adequacy ratio(MAR) was calculated. Mean heights, weights, BMIs were higher in the groups with nutrient intake over 125% of RDA than the lower intake groups for most nutrients. However, Mean WHR was the highest in the groups with nutrient intake under 75% of RDA for most nutrients excluding iron intake of women aged 20~64 years. Among women aged 20~64 years, means of MAR were 0.71 for obese individuals(BMI>30), 0.72 for subjects with underweight(BMI<18.5), and 0.76 for subjects with normal weight(18.5< or = BMI<25). Normal subjects has statistically significantly higher MAR than those of other groups. However, among elderly people aged over 65 years, obese group had the highest MAR, 0.68. Women with abdominal obesity(WHR>0.9) had lower MAR, 0.71 than those with normal weight(MAR=0.76). From these results, obesity and abdominal obesity seems to be the results of malnutrition including both undernutrition and overnutrition rather than simple problem of excess energy intake. Obesity in elderly people needs to be handled differently from adults.
Adult ; Aged ; Anthropometry ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Malnutrition ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Overnutrition ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: The prevalence and severity of childhood obesity are increasing rapidly worldwide. Spontaneous and stimulated growth hormone (GH) secretion are impaired in obesity. However, despite the low GH levels, normal or increased insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels have been observed in obese subjects. Growth velocity is commonly normal or increased in obese children. As for the possible mechanisms underlying these observations, overnutrition, chronic hyperinsulinemia and increased free IGF-I have been suggested. To explain the possible mechanisms by which obese children are taller than normal weight children, we have compared height, leptin, insulin, IGF-I and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) with body mass index and studied the relationship among these parameters in obese and control group. METHODS: Auxological and endocrine evaluation were performed in 33 obese children (18 boys and 15 girls) and 47 non-obese children (24 boys and 23 girls) at Hanyang University Hospital from Jan. 1999 to Dec. 2000. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than the 95th percentile for age and sex. Fasing blood samples were taken for the measurement of serum leptin, insulin, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The serum concentrations of leptin, insulin, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were significantly higher in obese children than those in non-obese children. The serum concentrations of leptin (r=0.751, P=0.000), insulin (r=0.746, P=0.000) and IGF-I (SDS) (r=0.747, P=0.000) showed positive correlation to BMI. And the serum concentrations of IGFBP-3 showed positive correlation to BMI with low correlation coefficient respectively (r=0.275, P=0.015). The serum concentration of insulin correlated to that of IGF-I (SDS) positively (r=0.585, P=0.000). CONCLUSION: This study suggest that increased sensitivity of GHR modulated by chronic hyperinsulinemia and increased circulating IGF-I produced by accumulated adipose tissue may enhance the growth in obese children.
Adipose Tissue ; Body Mass Index ; Child* ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Insulin* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I* ; Leptin* ; Obesity ; Overnutrition ; Pediatric Obesity ; Prevalence ; Radioimmunoassay

PURPOSE: Leptin is a hormone involved in the regulation of energy balance. Serum leptin levels are correlated with body fat. It provide information to hypothalamus on the amount of energy stored in the adipose tissue. Certain endocrine disease presents obesity in childhood, such as growth hormone deficiency, Prader- Willi syndrome and Turner syndrome. The purpose of this study is to evaluate leptin levels in obese children and to know whether it is a useful marker to differentiate the underlying cause of obesity. METHODS: One hundred sixty six obese children were included in this study. Height, weight, HTSDS, WTSDS, adjusted WTSDS to height age and BMI were measured. Serum leptin levels were measured. RESULTS :Leptin levels in simple obesity, growth hormone deficiency, Prader-Willi syndrome, Turner syndrome and control were 12.3+/-6.3ng/ml, 6.4+/-2.0ng/ml, 19.9+/-11.2ng/ml, 8.9+/-5.3ng/ml, 5.7+/-3.7ng/ml respectively. Leptin levels were significantly high in obese children, especially in Prader-Willi syndrome, simple obesity and Turner syndrome. Leptin concentration were correlated with BMI and WTSDS. CONCLUSION: Leptin can be used as an indicator of obesity but, not suitable as a differential diagnostic factor for obesity.
Adipose Tissue ; Child ; Endocrine System Diseases ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Leptin* ; Obesity* ; Pediatric Obesity* ; Prader-Willi Syndrome ; Turner Syndrome

PURPOSE: We studied the prevalence and long-term trend of childhood obesity after puberty to help in managing and treating obesity. METHODS: We surveyed obesity index of children at age 13 and 17 who was diagnosed as obesity at their age 7. 1,559 students consisting of 753 boys and 806 girls had followed up since 1992 until 2002. Obesity was defined as the obesity index over 20 percent. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity was 3.1% at age 7, 7.1% at age 13 and 13.0% at age 17, which increased significantly with getting older in age in both sex. Among obese children at age 7, 67.5 percent remained obese at age 17. 66.6% of the obese boys at age 7 and 68.4% of the obese girls at age 7 remained obese at age 17. The proportion of severe obesity in obese boys was increased as they were old, but not in obese girls. The progression to moderate and severe obesity at age 17 was prominent for obese boys at age 7, compared to the obese girls. 12.7% of normal weight boys at age 7 and 9.8% of normal weight girls at age 7 became obese at age 17. CONCLUSION: We think that the prevention and treatment of obesity during puberty is as important as those in the childhood.
Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Obesity ; Obesity, Morbid ; Pediatric Obesity* ; Prevalence ; Puberty*

BACKGROUND: Recently, childhood obesity has been increasing steeply. Many obese children have complications and high risks to become obese as adults. Therefore, we performed this study to assess childhood obesity in Kwangju area. METHODS: We examined 11,039 children(boys:5,547, girls:5,492) of ages 6-12 years. We defined obesity as more than 97th percentile of weight at each height. We also examined the degree of obesity by comparing with stsndard weight, which is defined as more than 20% above the standard weight for height. We identified four groups according to the degree of obeiity. The ranges for each group was as follows : obesity at from 20% above the standard weight for height, mild obesity at 30% below and 20% above the standard weight for height, and moderate obesity at 50% below and 30% above the standard weight for height, and severe obesity at 50% above the standard weight for height. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity that exceeded the weight centiles at each height by more than 97th pereentile was 12.17%. The prevalence of obesity that exceeded the standard weight for height by more than 20% was 13.31%. Among them, 8.02/o were mild obesity, 4.44% were moderate obesity and 0. 84% were severe obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Recently, the frequency of childhood obesity goes high in our society. We now know that obesity is a risk factor for some diseases, and therefore, more effective approaches should be developed treat and prevent childhood obesity.
Adult ; Child* ; Gwangju* ; Humans ; Obesity* ; Obesity, Morbid ; Pediatric Obesity ; Prevalence* ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVES: To study the relationship between skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and metabolic phenotypes of obesity in adolescents, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of adolescent obesity and related metabolic diseases. METHODS: A total of 1 352 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were randomly selected by stratified cluster sampling in Yinchuan City from October 2017 to September 2020, and they were surveyed using questionnaires, physical measurements, body composition measurements, and laboratory tests. According to the diagnostic criteria for metabolic abnormalities and the definition of obesity based on the body mass index, the subjects were divided into four metabolic phenotypes: metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, metabolically unhealthy normal weight, and metabolically unhealthy obesity. The association between SMI and the metabolic phenotypes was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The SMI level in the metabolically unhealthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, and metabolically unhealthy obesity groups was lower than that in the metabolically healthy normal weight group (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender and age, a higher SMI level was a protective factors for adolescents to develop metabolic unhealthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, and metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotypes (OR=0.74, 0.60, and 0.54, respectively; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increasing SMI can reduce the risk of the development of metabolic unhealthy/obesity.
Adolescent ; Humans ; Body Mass Index ; Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism* ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism* ; Obesity, Metabolically Benign/diagnosis* ; Pediatric Obesity ; Phenotype ; Risk Factors ; Child

Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by infantile hypotonia, childhood-onset obesity, short stature, mental retardation, hyperphagia, hypogonadism. After infantile hypotonia phase, patient is prone to morbid obesity due to hyperphagia. Complications associated with morbid obesity are recognized as the main risk factors for death the lifespan of patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. We experienced desaturation and bronchospasm during arteriovenous fistula surgery in an obese adult with Prader-Willi syndrome.
Adult ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Bronchial Spasm ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Hypogonadism ; Intellectual Disability ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Obesity ; Obesity, Morbid ; Prader-Willi Syndrome ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Pediatric Obesity*

No abstract available.
Pediatric Obesity*