OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of tamoxifen on female reproductive organs in women with breast cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 309 women with breast cancer who were currently receiving tamoxifen and undergoing regular gynecological examination. RESULTS: We evaluated 92 pre- and 217 postmenopausal women. The prevalence of endometrial thickening was 12% in the pre- and 10.6% in the postmenopausal group. An endometrial biopsy was performed in 43 women and confirmed endometrial cancer in 1, endometrial polyps in 14, and endometrial hyperplasia in 4 women. Transvaginal ultrasonography showed 25 cases of newly developed ovarian cysts. Most ovarian cysts had disappeared during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Tamoxifen use in women with breast cancer causes few complications and is considered safe for female reproductive organs in case of regular gynecological examination.
Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Endometrium* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Ovarian Cysts* ; Ovary ; Polyps ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tamoxifen* ; Ultrasonography

Precise measurement of postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume is a key factor in assessing patients with voiding dysfunction, including those with lower urinary tract problems. The safe and noninvasive ultrasound bladder scan is the preferred mode to measure PVR volume. However, this procedure has a false-positive rate up to 9%, in the presence of ovarian cysts, renal cysts, ascites, or uterine myoma with cystic degeneration. Until now, cystic lesions are known to cause false positivity in ultrasound bladder scanner. However, we encountered falsely-elevated PVR in two cases of non-cystic uterine myomas. We present these cases with detailed radiologic images and volume measurement data.
Ascites ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Myoma ; Ovarian Cysts ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract

Abscess ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cysts ; surgery ; Drainage ; methods ; Endometriosis ; surgery ; Fallopian Tube Diseases ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Cysts ; surgery ; Pelvis ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Interventional ; methods ; Vagina ; Young Adult

Tamoxifen has been widely used for adjuvant treatment of breast cancer, but several gynecological side effects have been noted, including endometrial hyperplasia, polyp and carcinoma. Polypoid endometriosis is one of the extremely rare benign complications associated with tamoxifen therapy. A 66-year-old postmenopausal woman, who had received left partial mastectomy due to breast cancer (about 4 years ago) and was taking tamoxifen treatment, had an ovarian cyst on ultrasonography. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging suggested tamoxifen-associated endometrial and ovarian changes, especially a 4.1x3.4-cm-sized, well-defined, multicystic mass in the right ovary. She received hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Microscopically, the right paratubal mass showed endometrial glands and stroma, and immunohistochemical staining for CD10 confirmed the endometrial nature of the stroma. Three cases of polypoid endometriosis have been reported in the Korean literature, but in none of the cases, polypoid endometriosis was associated with tamoxifen use. Herein, we report the first case of polypoid endometriosis associated with tamoxifen treatment in Korea.
Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Ovarian Cysts ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Ovary ; Polyps ; Tamoxifen ; Ultrasonography

Preterm ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (POHS) is characterized by swelling of the vulva and hypogastrium, elevated estradiol and gonadotropin levels, and multiple ovarian follicular cysts in premature baby girls. We report a case of POHS with a review of the literature. The patient presented with swelling of the clitoral hood, and the labia majora and minora. We confirmed multiple ovarian cysts, as well as elevated estradiol and lutenizing hormone levels by performing pelvic ultrasound and laboratory tests. The symptoms resolved gradually and spontaneously.
Edema ; Estradiol ; Female ; Follicular Cyst ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Infant ; Ovarian Cysts ; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome* ; Ultrasonography ; Vulva

Acute-onset pelvic pain is an extremely common symptom in premenopausal women presenting to the emergency department. After excluding pregnancy in reproductive-age women, ultrasonography plays a major role in the prompt and accurate diagnosis of adnexal causes of acute pelvic pain, such as hemorrhagic ovarian cysts, endometriosis, ovarian torsion, and tubo-ovarian abscess. Its availability, relatively low cost, and lack of ionizing radiation make ultrasonography an ideal imaging modality in women of reproductive age. The primary goal of imaging in these patients is to distinguish between adnexal causes of acute pelvic pain that may be managed conservatively or medically, and those requiring emergency/urgent surgical or percutaneous intervention.
Abscess ; Adnexa Uteri ; Diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Endometriosis ; Fallopian Tube Diseases ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Cysts ; Ovary ; Pelvic Pain* ; Pregnancy ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Ultrasonography*

Acute pelvic pain is one of the most common complaints of woman presenting in the emergency department. When gynecologic disorders are suspected, ultrasonography (US) is the modality of choice, enabling rapid diagnosis and decision making with regard to appropriate management. Frequent gynecologic etiologies include a large or enlarging simple ovarian cyst, hemorrhagic ovarian cyst or rupture of an ovarian cyst, acute pelvic inflammatory disease, and ovarian torsion. Endometriosis, uterine leiomyoma, and peritoneal inclusion cyst can also present as acute pelvic pain. Gynecologic disorders that cause acute pelvic pain frequently show characteristic ultrasonographic findings that enable specific diagnosis. In this review, the authors review ultrasonographic findings of gynecologic causes of acute pelvic pain.
Decision Making ; Diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; Ovarian Cysts ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; Pelvic Pain* ; Rupture ; Ultrasonography*

INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this case series was to determine the sonographic features of neonatal ovarian torsion.

MATERIALS AND METHODSSeven surgically proven cases of neonatal ovarian cysts were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into 2 groups, torsion and non-torsion. These 7 patients were evaluated for the clinical presentation, sonographic features, surgical and pathological findings. The findings on follow-up sonography after surgery were also noted.

RESULTSThe sonographic appearance was variable. Of the 4 cases with torsion, 2 lesions had internal echoes with 'fi sh-net appearance'. The other 2 lesions were predominantly cystic on the sonography with internal echoes and echogenic nodule. A calcific focus was present in 1 of these echogenic nodules. One of the cysts had fluid-fluid level. In the non-torsion group, only 1 lesion had mixed echogenic appearance. The other 2 lesions were cystic with low level internal echoes in 1 of the cysts. The surgical procedure performed in the torsion group was salpingo-oophorectomy in 2 patients and oophorectomy in 1 patient. In 1 patient, cystectomy was attempted without success. In the non-torsion group, only cystectomy was performed with preservation of normal ovaries, which was confirmed on follow-up sonography.

CONCLUSIONThe sonographic features of cysts with 'fish-net appearance', fluid-debris level and cysts with echogenic nodule favour torsion. The former sign has so far not been described as a sonographic predictor for neonatal ovarian torsion.

Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Ovarian Cysts ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Ovary ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Torsion Abnormality ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; instrumentation

A mesothelial cyst of the round ligament is a rare cause of an inguinal mass. Clinically, it is frequently misdiagnosed as one of commoner diseases such as an inguinal hernia, femoral hernia, lipoma, and lymphadenopathy upon physical examination. Some previous reports elaborated the sonographic features of a mesothelial cyst of the round ligament. However, to our knowledge, few reports have described the CT features of a mesothelial cyst. We illustrated here the sonographic and multidetector CT features of a case of a mesothelial cyst of the round ligament that presented as an inguinal palpable mass and mimicked a metastasis in a patient with a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary.
Abdominal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/secondary ; Aged ; Contrast Media/diagnostic use ; Cysts/*radiography/*ultrasonography ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelium/radiography/ultrasonography ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*pathology ; Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods ; Round Ligament/*radiography/*ultrasonography ; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor/*pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods

With the advent of B-mode transvaginal sonography, new opportunities are presented to better define ovarian lesions. Since its development in 1966, the transvaginal ultrasound continues to be an essential component in the diagnostic work-up of adnexal masses. This study reviewed the histopathological diagnoses of 387 patients who underwent surgery for removal of a benign ovarian cyst at our institution and compared it with the results of the patient's pre-operative ultrasound examinations done at the ultrasound section. After statistical analysis, this study showed that the B-mode transvaginal ultrasound is accurate in diagnosing the majority of benign ovarian cysts. Although it is more sensitive and specific for some types of benign ovarian cysts over others, it continues to be an important tool in the initial work-up of an ovarian cyst.

Human ; Female ; Ovarian Cysts ; Adnexal Diseases ; Ultrasonography ; Physical Examination