Nanobacteria (NB) is a kind of new bacteria with a diameter of 8 0~500 nm. It has specific mineralizing ability. As a active nidus it can attac h, invade and damage the renal epithelium of collecting ducts and papilla, and t hen form apatite which being the center to induce formation of kidney stones. I n the paper, the research progress on nanobateria contained in kidney stones and its role in kidney stones formation were summarized. The simulation in vitro a nd animal models of kidney stones formation induced by nanobateria were discusse d.

Adult ; Haploidy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Male ; Pulmonary Alveoli

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Agranulocytosis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Vancomycin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

Janus kinase 2,myeloproliferative leukemia virus and tet encogene family member2 mutations affect a variety of cytokines signal transduction pathway in BCR/ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). In the influence of mutation load,co-mutation and genetic susceptibility,these mutations can induce different MPN phenotypes,and affect the characteristics of patients,the distribution of peripheral blood cells and prognosis. But how these mutations contribute to disease initiation,development,and transformation needs further reseach.

Objective To study the individualized dose of warfarin in treating atrial fibrillation in elderly patients. Methods Forty-one elderly in-patients with atrial fibrillation were recruited.Warfarin was used tO start anti-coagulation therapy with the target INR value 1.6-2.5.The data of demographic variables,concomitant diseases,medications and laboratory values were collected,then correlated these factors with the maintenance dose of warfarin. Results Warfarin dose requirements were significantly associated with age(r=-0.535,P＜0.01),sex(r=-0.494,P＜0.01),height (r=0.484,P＜0.01),weight(r=0.453,P＜0.01),body surface area(r=0.388,P＜0.05),concomitant use of a sulfonylurea medication(r=-0.446,P＜0.01)and serum albumin level(r=0.520,P＜0.01).The multivariate regression model includedthe variables of age,sex,serum albumin level and concomitant use of a sulfonylurea medication.This algorithm explained 65.4%of the variance in the maintenance dose of warfarin(R=0.808,R2=65.4%). Conclusions The warfarin dose in treating atrial fibrillation in elderly patients can be estimated from demographic,clinical and laboratory factors that can be obtained at the time of warfarin initiation.

Objective This study was designed to determine the clinical pharmacokinetics ofcisatracurium in Chinese patients. The purpose of this study was twofold: the determination of ED50 and ED95 of cisatracurium and the intubating conditions and changes in BP and HR produced by 2×ED95 and 3 ×ED95 . Methods 100 patients scheduled for elective surgery, aged 30-65 years, served as the experimental subjects. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2mg/kg and fentanyl 4μg/kg. 5 min after BP and HR were stabilized the study was started. The study consisted of two parts according to the purpose of the study. In part Ⅰ 70 patients were included and randomized to 7 groups based on the doses of cisatracurium the patients received. The doses were 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 μg/kg from group Ⅰ to Ⅶ. Neuromuscular transmission was assessed by measuring the responses of adductor pollicis muscle to stimulation of ulnar nerve with TOF pulses.The maximal depression of Tt was measured after administration of cisrtracurium, and ED50 and ED95 were calculated. In part Ⅱ 30 patients were included and divided into two groups to receive 2×ED95 (group Ⅷ ) or 3×ED95 (group Ⅸ ) of cisatracurium. The intubating conditions were evaluated. The onset time and time of recovery from paralysis as well as the changes in BP and HR after administration of cisatracurium were recorded. ResultsED50 and ED95 for cisatracurium were 30.7μg/kg and 53.4μg/kg respectively. The onset times for 2×ED95 and 3×ED95 were (254±84)s and (190±59)s. The durations of action was (38.8±6.1)min and (53.28.8)min respectively. Recovery indexes were (16.4±4.9) min and (15.6±5.2) min. There were little changes in BP and HR after administration of cisatracurium in both group Ⅷ and Ⅸ. The intubating conditions were not significantly different. ConclusionsED50 and ED95 for cisatracurium are 30.7μg/kg and 53.4μg/kg in Chinese patients. The onset time is shorter and duration of action longer with 3×ED95 which does not significantly affect BP and HR.

Objective To study the molecular pathogenesis of non -syndromic deafness in a Chinese family . Methods Clinical materials and DNA sample were obtained from the non -syndromic family with autosomal reces‐sive deafness .The exons and the flanking splicing sites of GJB2 and SLC26A4 were tested in all family members by PCR and direct sequencing .Results There were four deafness patients in the family ,and three of them had the same clinical phenotypes ,including prelingual profound sensorineural hearing loss and enlarged vestibular ,while the re‐mained one only presented to be prelingual profound sensorineural hearing loss without malformation of temporal bone .One type of GJB2 mutation and 3 different types of SLC26A4 mutations were identified in the family .The proband(Ⅲ -1) ,her sister(Ⅲ -2) ,her mother(Ⅱ -4) and her father(Ⅱ -3) carried different biallelic mutations which were SLC26A4 c .919 -2A > G/p .H723R ,p .Q413R/c .919 -2A > G ,p .Q413R/p .H723R and GJB2 c . 235delC/c .235delC ,respectively .Conclusion Different from most reported deafness families with the same molecu‐lar etiology in each one ,interestingly ,the pathogenies were different among all affected members in this family . They were caused by different biallelic mutations of SLC26A4 or GJB2 .

Objective Ouabain is a cardiotonic steroid that can induce the apoptosis of many tumorous cells .This study was to investigate the anti-tumor mechanisms of ouabain by observing its effects on the apoptosis of T lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cells and the expressions of hTERT and c-myc mRNA and protein . Methods Jurkat cells were treated with ouabain at the concentrations of 50 and 100 nmol/L for 24 and 48 hours, and those treated with 1 ×PBS served as the control .Then the apoptosis rate of the cells was detected by flow cytometry after Annexin V/PI staining, the expressions of hTERT and c-myc mRNA determined by RT-PCR, and those of hTERT and c-myc protein by Western blot . Results The apoptosis rates of the Jurkat cells in the 50 and 100 nmol/L oua-bain groups were (5.67 ±3.71)%and (9.63 ±4.83)%respectively at 24 hours, and (19.67 ±4.55)%and (37.60 ±11.89)%at 48 hours, significantly higher than (4.23 ±1.01)%in the PBS control group at 48 hours (P<0.05).Compared with the control, the expressions of hTERT and c-myc mRNA were decreased by 200%and those of hTERT and c-myc protein by 224%and 400%, re-spectively, at 48 hours (P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between the reduction of the mRNA levels and that of the protein levels of hTERT and c-myc (P<0.05). Conclusion Ouabain can down-regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of hTERT and c-myc, which may be one of the mechanisms of its induction of the apoptosis of Jurkat T lymphocyte leukemia cells .

Objective To investigate the clinical features, therapy and prognosis of elderly patients with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Methods The clinical features of 21 elderly patients and 89 patients aged ＜60 with newly diagnosed APL were retrospectively analyzed. Additionally,elderly patients were divided into different groups according to the count of white blood cell (WBC). Results There were no significant differences between elderly patients and patients aged ＜60 in the aspect of sex (male/female: 11/10 vs 47/42), WBC count (high initial WBC: 23.8 % vs 16.9 %), the percentage of bone marrow blasts plus promyelocytes (0.83±0.11 vs 0.83±0.12), complete remission (CR) rate (71.4 % vs 84.3 %),the time of CR occurrence (35.7±10.1 vs 39.1±13.5), the occurrence of retinoic acid syndrome(RAS) (14.3 % vs 22.5 %), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (52.4 % vs 34.8 %) as well as 2 years overall survival rate (72.7 % vs 80.0 %) (P ＞0.05). Of the 21 elderly patients who received inductive treatment, 5 with high initial WBC and 16 without high initial WBC. The incidences of DIC, early death in high initial WBC group were 80 %, 60 % respectively, which were higher than the group without high initial WBC (43.8 %,18.8 % respectively), whereas CR rate for the group with high initial WBC (40.0 %) was lower than that for the group without high initial WBC (81.3 %). Conclusion Elderly patients with APL could have fine prognosis as well as patients aged ＜60. The results of inductive treatment of elderly patients in high initial WBC group were poor as compared with the group without high initial WBC.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the heart rate variability(HRV) in the elderly bedridden patients. Methods 91 hospitalized patients (age≥60 years ) were divided into three groups according to the function independent measure: independent group (32 cases), partial dependent group (31 cases), dependent group(28 cases). Eight items of HRV were measured, including 24 hour standard deviation of successive normal-to-normal R-R interval(SDNN), total power (TP),standard deviation of all means of 5-minutes R-R interval all over 24 hour(SDANN), low frequency (LF), root mean squared successive difference(MSSD),Edingburgh Index(PNN50), high frequency(HF)and ratio of LF to HF(LF/HF). Results Seven items of HRV of the dependent group and partial dependent group were significantly lower than those of independent group (P0.05). SDNN and FIM were positively correlated (r =0.853, P=0.017). Other factors such as pathogen and the number of concomitant diseases did not affect on HRV in the elderly bedridden patients. Conclusions The HRV in the elderly bedridden patientsdecreased , the changes relatedthe decrease of the activity.