The purpose of this study were to find out the practical way to enlarged child-raising knowledge and to enhance their satisfaction with out-patient care by evaluating how effectively the education is done by nurses for mothers with ill-child and how their satisfaction with out-patient care changed. This study was designed as a Nonequivalent Control Group study. The subjects studied were consisted of the experimental and control group. Each consisted of 50 mothers with ill-child in pediatric department at one university hospital in Seoul. The period of this study is from May 20, 1996 to June 28, 1996. The first data were collected fro both of experimental and control groups in which mothers with ill-child come to the hospital for the first time. After this being done, the experimental group had been educated by the planned program and then the second data were collected from them. On the contrary, as for the control group, there had been no education and the second data were collected on the same method. The data analysis was done by SPSS program. The results of this study are as follow, 1. The child-raising knowledge level of mothers with education was higher than that of with no education.(t=18.84, df=49, p=0.000) 2. The satisfaction with out-patient care level of mothers with education was higher than that of no education.(t=10.51, df=49, p=0.000) Based on these results, I suggest as follow, 1. The research on the patients and their family should be made not only in pediatric department, but in every out-patient department. 2. For more effective education, it is required for all out-patient nurses to research the education demand of patients and their family. 3. To increase the effect of education, there must be the consultation room in out-patient department. 4. The meetings with the mothers with ill-child of the same illness have to be established and periodical education must be executed. 5. Audio-visual education programs like video tapes are needed to make use of waiting time for the medical treatment. 6. On-line consulting program are needed.
Education ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Outpatients* ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic ; Child Health

OBJECTIVEThe present situation of clinical indications of acupuncture in China is investigated in this article which provides clinical evidence for the establishment of acupuncture indications.

METHODSOut-patients of acupuncture departments of 31 Chinese provinces in the year 2008 were investigated through the method of cluster random sampling. And the analysis was made on diseases sorting and distribution based on Pareto principle and with EpiMap software.

RESULTSInformation of 31 858 out-patients of the first treatment from 36 hospitals were collected which referred to 368 diseases of 16 disease systems. Among them, there were 57 most commonly-encountered diseases, 60 commonly-encountered diseases and 251 rare diseases.

CONCLUSIONThere are totally 368 acupuncture clinical indications at present according to the investigation with disproportional distribution in administrative districts. It is held that indications of acupuncture have high centralization degree. Thus, the populariza tion and promotion on application of acupuncture indications should be strengthened.

Acupuncture Therapy ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Humans ; Outpatients ; statistics & numerical data

With dwindling number of new antibiotics and inappropriate use of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of antibiotics resistance occurs commonly in healthcare institutions worldwide. In China, antibiotics are commonly over prescribed and misused. This study is to assess the effect of the nationwide special campaign on antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) at specialized hospitals in China by investigating prescription information from 2011 to 2012. Data on the hospital consumption and prescription of systemic antibiotics were obtained from four specialized hospitals, including maternity, children's, stomatological and cancer hospitals. Systematic random sampling was used to select outpatient prescriptions and inpatient cases. A total of 105 specialized hospitals in 2011 and 121 specialized hospitals in 2012 were analysed. The defined daily doses (DDDs) per 100 inpatient days, the percentage of antibiotic use in outpatient prescriptions, and the percentage of antibiotic use in inpatient cases were used as measurements of antibiotic use. The overall antibiotic use density in the selected hospitals decreased between 2011 and 2012 from 39.37 to 26.54 DDD/100 inpatient days (P<0.001). The percentage of antibiotic use in outpatient prescriptions (range: 24.12%-18.71%, P=0.109) and inpatient cases (64.85%-60.10%, P=0.006) also decreased within the two years. Significant changes were observed among regions and different hospitals within the two years. And antibiotic consumption was correlated with the type and size of specialized hospital in 2012, but not with the regions. This analysis of antibiotic consumption of specialized hospitals allows relevant comparisons for benchmarking and shows that national ASP has improved antibiotic rational use in China. The data will assist policymakers in formulating effective strategies to decrease antibiotic overuse and identify areas that require further work.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; China ; Drug Prescriptions ; statistics & numerical data ; Drug Utilization ; statistics & numerical data ; trends ; Drug Utilization Review ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Geography ; Hospitals ; classification ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Inpatients ; statistics & numerical data ; Outpatients ; statistics & numerical data

Ambulatory Care Facilities ; statistics & numerical data ; Animals ; Bites and Stings ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Dogs ; Humans ; Outpatients ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVETo explore the eyelid's characteristics of outpatients who visited the plastic surgery clinic in 3rd Hospital of Peking University.

METHODSFrom Jan. 2007 to Feb. 2011, we collected facial images and general data of 2,183 outpatients, and divided them into groups according to their genders. The eyelid images were analyzed and epicanthus or foldless eyelid were recorded. Then the incidence rates of epicanthus and foldless eyelid were calculated.

RESULTSIn 2,183 patients (4,366 eyes), the incidence rate of epicanthus is 86.1% (3,760/4,366), and the incidence rate of foldless eyelid is 35.3% (1,541/4,366). In 178 males (356 eyes) and 2,005 females patients (4,010 eyes), the incidence rates of epicanthus are 78.4% (279/356) and 86.8% (3,481/4,010), respectively. The incidence rates of foldless eyelid are 48.0% (171/356) and 34.2% (1,370/4,010), respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence rates of epicanthus and foldless eyelid are relatively high for the outpatient population in the plastic surgery clinic of Third Hospital of Peking University.

Beijing ; Eyelids ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Outpatients ; statistics & numerical data ; Sex Factors ; Surgery, Plastic ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVETo investigate the variation patterns of the number of outpatient visits in hospitals to provide references for more effective management of general hospitals.

METHODSThe forecasting model of ARIMA(1,0,1)(0,1,1)12 was established using residual error analysis and least squares method according to the sequence stability, long-term trend and seasonal effect after logarithm transformation and differencing.

RESULTSThe residual sum of squares was 2.790, AIC=-178.126, SBC=-170.080. The relative predictive error of the model for predicting the outpatient visits in a general hospital in the year 2008 was 6.11%, smaller than that of exponential smoothing (8.78%). This model predicted a number of outpatient visits of 1,501,200 in this hospital in the year 2009.

CONCLUSIONSThe ARIMA model provides a means for predicting the number of total outpatient visits, its long-term tendency and seasonal variation. The parameters p,d,q in the ARIMA model may vary between different hospitals, and the ACF and PACF charts of the original sequences are helpful for determining these parameters.

China ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Models, Statistical ; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital ; statistics & numerical data ; Outpatients ; statistics & numerical data ; Patient Readmission ; statistics & numerical data ; Seasons

OBJECTIVETo estimate the effect of influenza-like illness (ILI) on outpatient visits and assess its impact on public health.

METHODSWe analyzed the data of weekly number of ILI and outpatient visits in Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics and Emergency at two influenza surveillance hospitals during a period of 137 weeks in Guangzhou. Spectral analysis and time-series analysis were performed to evaluate the variation of outpatient visits over time. The predictive model was fitted with weekly outpatient visits as the dependent variable and weekly number of ILI as the independent variable. The optimal model was established according to the coefficient of determination, Akaike-information criterion and residual analysis. The validity of the model was assessed prospectively using the 31-week data that were not used for the model establishment.

RESULTSThe outpatient visits increased significantly over time and showed significant seasonality (P<0.001). A significant correlation was found between the weekly number of ILI and outpatient visits (r=0.568, P<0.001). The residuals of the fitted autoregression model were white-noise series and the coefficient of determination was 75% for the data used to establish the model and 56% for the subsequent 31-week data.

CONCLUSIONSThe autoregression model can be used to estimate the effect of weekly number of outpatient visits based on the weekly number of ILI and thus assess the effects of influenza on public health.

Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; Logistic Models ; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital ; statistics & numerical data ; Outpatients ; statistics & numerical data

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the of laughter therapy on depression, anxiety, and stress among patients underwent radiotherapy. METHODS: Participants in the study were comprised of 60 breast cancer outpatients who received radiotherapy. Thirty-one of the patients were assigned in the experimental group and the other 29 patients made up the control group. Laughter therapy was consisted of the delivery of information and active motion resulting in laughter. We provided laughter therapy 4 times for 2 weeks. Each session lasted 60 min. The experimental group received laughter therapy intervention as a group. An average attendance frequency per person was 2.7. To evaluate the effect of laughter therapy, the degrees of depression and anxiety were measured by Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) and stress was measured by the Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument (BEPSI). Data analysis included a 2-test, t-test, and Fisher's exact test using SPSS 12.0 and SAS 8.0. RESULTS: There was significant decrease in the degrees of depression, anxiety, and stress in the experimental group compared to those in the control group (p<.01, p=.04, and p<.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that laughter therapy is an effective intervention in improving depression, anxiety, and stress in breast cancer patients.
Anxiety ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Depression ; Humans ; Laughter ; Laughter Therapy ; Outpatients ; Phenothiazines ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: This study was done to verify effects of a positive psychotherapy program on depression, self-esteem, and hope in patients with major depressive disorders. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group pre-post design was used. Participants were 53 people (control group=27 and experimental group=26) who were diagnosed with a major depressive disorder and received psychiatric outpatient treatment. The data were collected from July 1 to December 30, 2013. The experimental group received the positive psychotherapy program 8 times over 8 weeks. Data analysis was conducted using chi2-test, Fisher's exact test and t-test. RESULTS: As the result of the intervention, depression (p<.001), self-esteem (p<.001) and hope (p<.001) improved significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the positive psychotherapy program can be widely utilized as one of the nursing intervention programs for depressive patients.
Depression* ; Depressive Disorder, Major* ; Hope* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Outpatients ; Psychotherapy* ; Statistics as Topic

BACKGROUND: To investigate the impact of indicators of occupational class on healthcare utilization by using longitudinal data from a nationally representative survey. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Korean Welfare Panel Study conducted from 2006 (wave 1) through 2014 (wave 9). A total of 5,104 individuals were selected at baseline (2006). Analysis of variance and longitudinal data analysis were used to evaluate the following dependent variables: number of outpatient visits and number of days spent in the hospital per year. RESULTS: The number of annual outpatient visits was 4.298 days higher (P<0.0001) in class IV, 0.438 days higher (P=0.027) in class III, and 0.335 days higher (P=0.035) in class II than in class I. The number of days spent in the hospital per year was 0.610 days higher (P=0.001) in class IV, 0.547 days higher (P<0.0001) in class III, and 0.115 days higher (P=0.136) in class III than in class I. In addition, the number of days spent in the hospital in class IV patients with unmet healthcare needs showed an opposite trend to that predicted on the basis of socioeconomic status (estimate,−8.524; P-value=0.015). CONCLUSION: Patients whose jobs involved manual or physical labor were significantly associated with higher healthcare utilization. Thus, the results suggest that healthcare utilization in different occupational classes should be improved by monitoring work environments and promoting health-enhancing behaviors.
Adult* ; Cross-Sectional Studies* ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Humans ; Occupations ; Outpatients ; Social Class ; Statistics as Topic