Five medicines for prevention and treatment of osteoporotic fractures were introduced.They are bisphosphonates,calcitonin,selective estrogen-receptor modulator,estrogen and active vitamin D.The pharmacologic effects,safety,application and causions were explained according to principles of evidence-based medicine.

With the development of molecular biology and molecular genetics,more attention has been taken to the advanced techniques which can be used to detect minority mutations.In recent years,many techniques such as amplification refractory mutation system,PCR clamping,pyrophosphorolysis-activated polymerization,co-amplification at lower denaturation temperature-PCR and digital PCR have been developed,which will make the hereditary disease diagnosis,cancer detection,noninvasive antenatal diagnosis step into a new stage in the near future.This review presents an overview of the principles,aoolications,advantages and disadvantages of these techniques.

With the rapid advancement of immunology and molecular biology,many new revelations and ideas were drew for clinical immunology in laboratory medicine.In the current circumstances of application of clinical pathway management and individual medical care,how to accurately grasp these changes to build perfect quality system for clinical immunology laboratory,clarify the immunology laboratory pathway and integrate that into clinical pathway management,make solid progress for the promotion and application of individual diagnosis and evaluate the diagnostic value of new technique and item for clinical immunology laboratory accurately might be worth pondering for every people working in clinical immunology laboratory.In this paper,the status quo and reflection of clinical immunology is reviewed.

Hypertension is a common chronic disease which can lead to cardiac, cerebrovascular and renal damage; it is seriously harmful to human health. Cardiovascular disease caused by hypertension has become the first cause of death of residents in our country, the burden of disease has become more and more serious, how to manage hypertension has become an important public health issue in our country. In this review, the development and current situation of the community health management of hypertension at home and abroad are described and analyzed, the experience and practice worthy of learning are summarized to provide evidence for the prevention and control of hypertension in community.

Objective To assess the effect of clomiphene citrate(CC)on the proliferative stage of endometrium by the addition of low-doge estrogen(progynova,PGV)and aspirin.Methods Sixty women with unexplained infertility were divided into 4 groups randomly.Untreated group,CC treated group(C group),CC+PGV treated group(CE group)and CC+PGV+aspirin treated group(CEA group),each group Was 15 cases.Endometrium thickness,pattern of endometrium and resistant index(RI)of uterine artery were detected by ultrasound,all at end proliferative stage of endometrium.Results The endometrium thickness,the rate of the endometrium thickness≥8 mm and the rate of A-endometrium in C group were significantly less than those in other 3 groups(P<0.05).The rate of A-endometrium in CE group was significantly less than that in untreated group and CEA group(P<0.05).The number of follicle diameter≥15 mm in untreated group(1.01±0.25)was signifieantly less than that in other 3 groups(1.56±0.64,1.52±0.70,1.61±0.67)(P<0.os).RI of uterine artery in C group(0.93±0.07)and CE group(0.95±0.04)were significantly higher than that in untreated group(0.81±0.05)and CEA group(0.83±0.03)(P<0.05).Conclusion Low-dese estrogen can reverse the deleterious effect of CC on.endometrial development,and low-dose estrogen and aspirin can promote uterine perfusion and improve uterine compatibility.

Objective To investigate the clinical value and effect of peripherally inserted central eatheter(PICC) in patients with tuberculous meningitis. Methods 56 patients with tuberculous meningi-tis were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group with 28 cases in each group. The treatment group was medicated by PICC, while the patients of the control group were medicated through pe-ripheral superficial vein. The curing rate, degree of anxiety, infusion response, satisfaction with nursing and related expense were recorded. Results The curing rate and satisfaction with nursing of the treatment group were higher than those of the control group. The anxiety degree, infusion response and related ex-pense of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group.Their difference had statistical sig-nificance. Conclusions PICC has clinical value in patients with tuberculous meningitis,which is worth promoting.

Objective To evaluate the value of 18F-FDG PET in predicting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods Fifty-four cases of pancreatic cancer were divided into two groups. Taking standard uptake value(SUV) at 4 as the cut off point, patients (22 cases) with that not more than four were classified into group A, and those (32 cases) with SUV greater than four were into group B. The prognosis of patients by SUV was analyzed statistically. Results There was a statistically significant difference in survival between the two groups ( P =0. 01 ). The 1-,3-year survival rate was 68. 18% 、34. 91% in group A in those the SUV≤4, and 33.61% 、11.95% in group B( SUV ＞4), respectively. Cox proportional hazard model showed that tumor staging and SUV were the significantly independent prognostic factors in patients with pancreatic cancer. Conclusions 18F-FDG PET is of value in predicting the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Objective To compare the clinical characteristics in primary hyperparathyroidism of different pathologic types through retrospective analysis of 280 cases diagnosed in PUMCH during 1958 to 2005.Methods Totally 280 patients were diagnosed as PHPT biochemically and proved by pathology.Serum PTH,TCa,P,25(OH)D,TRAP,plasma ICa,24 h urinary Ca and HOP were measured.Results M/F ratio was higher in carcinoma group(P

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness that gelatin lines the injured vasuclar wall to prevent from restenosis.Methods: The animal model of restenosis was established by balloon dilation in femoral artery,and 30% gelatin was lined on injured vascular wall in experimental group.The samples were collected at the 2nd week and 4th week after operation.The neointimal area(NEA),neointimal area/media area(NEA/MA)and cell apoptosis were observed by image analysis system and TUNEL technique. Results: The intima of the control group was thicker than that of the experimental group,and more cells appeared in the control group.Compared with the control group,the NEA was reduced significantly in the experimental group at the 2nd and 4th week (0.67?0.25cm 2 vs 1.02?0.41cm 2,and 1.18?0.36cm 2 vs 1.46?0.15cm 2).The NEA/MA ratio in the experimental group was lower than the control group at the 2nd and 4th week(0.35?0.05% vs 0.54?0.14%,and 0.62?0.25% vs 0.75?0.10%).The apoptosis rate of vascular smooth muscle in the experimental group was higher than the control group at the 2nd and 4th week(18.2?5.8% vs 13.6?2.4%,and 15.1?2.1% vs 13.0?1.5%).These diffences were all significant (P

Objective To approach the dynamic changes of CD~+_ 34 cells and T lymphocyte subsets and best time of peripheral blood stem cell harvest when using rHuG-CSF for peripheral blood stem cell mobilization in donors and patients.Methods From 2001 to 2002 12 donors and 16 patients in Lanzhou General Hospital who received chemotherapy 7 days ago were injected rHuG-CSF 300 ?g/d for mobilization peripheral blood stem cells,and flow cytometry were used to detect the changes of CD~+_ 34 cells and T lymphocyte subsets for 5 days.Results (1)Before using rHuG-CSF,there was obvious difference between patients and donors in bone marrow CD~+_ 34 cells(P