Clinical data of 150 patients with mild and 38 patients with severe confirmed influenza A/H1N1 were collected and retrospectively analyzed in this paper with descriptive epidemiology. Mild patients mainly presented with symptoms similar to seasonal influenza with few complications, however,persistent high fever, cough with bloody sputum expectoration, chest distress and short of breath manifested in severe patients with respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome in some cases. Proportion of obesity and underlying diseases in severe patients, who were at high risk for severe influenza A/H1N1, was higher than that in mild ones (P＜0. 05). Average course of the illness spanned five to 11 days in patient with mild influenza A/H1N1 with all cured, and 34 of severe cases discharged with better recovery and other four died with a case-fatality of 10. 5 percent.

To Study Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) in the nasal cavity, raise the level of diagnosis and treatment for this disease. We reported a case with JXG and reviewed the literatures. JXG in nasal vestibule is ex tremely rare. Only three cases were reported before. After surgical removal,no recurrence was found over a 10-month follow-up. Clinical manifestations and imaging examination is nonspecific for JXG, and the diagnosis of the disease relies on pathological examination. Surgical resection is an effective treatment method.
Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile

Objective The aim of our study is to investigate the prevalence of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and the genetic characteristics of the class 1 integron in CRKP on multi-drug resistance.Methods Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were collected from multiple departments of a hospital in central China. CRKP strains were identified among the isolates, and antibiotics susceptibility of CRKP strains was analyzed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was adopted to amplify the class 1 integron variable area. The integron genetic structure was analyzed with enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing technology. The relation between class 1 integron and drug resistance was analyzed statistically.Results Totally 955 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from varied sites of the hospital, and 117(12.3%) of them were identified as CRKP, with a separation rate of 8.9% (26/292) in 2013, 11.3% (38/336) in 2014 and 16.2% (53/327) in 2015, which shows an increasing trend by year. 44.4% (52/117) of CRKP strains were separated from specimen of ICU, and 61.5% (72/117) were from sputum. Over 95% CRKP strains were resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidme, cefotaxime, cefepime,and piperacillin, while relatively low resistant rates were found in tigecycline (12.8%) and colistin (35.9%). The class 1 integron was detected in 77.8% (91/117) of CRKP strains. Class 1 integron of CRKP was significantly correlated with the antibiotic resistance to the tobramycin, gentamicin and amikacin (all P<0.01). The gene cassette analysis of variable area of class 1 integron showed that aadA2 accounts for 64.8% (59/91), aacA4-catB8-aadA1 23.1% (21/91), and aadA2-dfrA25 12.1% (11/91).Conclusions CRKP has an increasing trend in a clinical setting in China, and most of them were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Class 1 integron in CRKP has strong ability to capture the genes resistant to aminoglycosides antibiotics from environment, with the aadA2 gene as the most popular one.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Carbapenems ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Integrons ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification

Objective To develop and validate a novel method of atlantoaxial pedicle screw placement by using three-dimensional reconstruction software Mimics and rapid prototyping. Methods Three-dimensional reconstruction of 20 CT scanned cadaver atlantoaxial specimens was performed by using Mimics and the parameters of the pedicles were measured. Then, physical model of the pedicles was manufactured by using rapid prototyping and the parameters of the cadaver pedicles were measured. The parameters of the atlantoaxial pedicle were directly measured. All the data were analyzed statistically to verify the accuracy of the reconstructed images and physical models. The optimal pedicle channel was found to design individual fixation parameters, based on which fixation of cadaver specimens was performed under direct guidance of physical model. The accuracy of fixation was assessed by CT scanning. Results There was no statistical difference in parameters of the reconstructed images, the physical model and the specimens, which could reflect accurate atlantoaxial anatomy. Postoperative CT scanning showed that the pedicle screws were inserted successfully in 16 sides of four specimens, except for one screw wearing medial bone cortex of the atlas artery. Conclusions Three-dimensional reconstruction of the atlantoaxial specimens by using Mimics and physical models made by rapid prototyping technology facilitate atlantoaxial pedicle screw placement and can enhance the accuracy of screw fixation.

Objective To analyze the immunogenicity of selected B-cell epitopes of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein-2 (LMP2). Methods Three potential dominant B-cell epitopes of LMP2199-209, LMP2318-322 and LMP2381-391 from EBV LMP2 had been predicted using bioinformaties methods. The gene fragments of three epitopes were cloned respectively into pET32a(+) vector and transformed into E. coli strain BL21 (DE3). After identification by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting, the expression products were purified by Ni-NTA agarose affinity chromatography. BALB/c mice in immunized groups were immunized by multi-point intracutaneous injection with the three purified epitope proteins,respectively; and mice in control groups were injected with pET32a (+) protein or phosphate buffered saline(PBS), respectively. The sera from mice at week O, week 3 and week 6 of injection were collected for determination of epitope-specific antibody IgG by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using epitope proteins as coating antigens. The ability of serum antibody recognizing nature EBV antigen was determined at week 6 of immunization. Results Three epitope proteins of LMP2199-209 ,LMP2318-322 and LMP2381-391 were successfully expressed in prokaryotic system. Epitopespecific antibodies IgG could be detected respectively in the sera of all immunized mice, and the levels of antibodies increased with immunized time increasing. The antibody levels in LMP2318-322 immunized group at week 3 and week 6 were significantly higher than that of pET32a (+) protein control group (F= 493.85 and 773.99, respectively; both P＜0. 05), and the antibody levels in LMP2381-391 immunized group at week 3 and week 6 were also significantly higher than that of pET32a (+) protein control group (F= 926.33 and 309.14, respectively; both P＜0.05). Antibody level in LMP2199-209 immunized group at week 6 was significantly higher than that of pET32a ( + ) protein control group (F=87.27, P＜0.05). The antibody IgG in serum from immunized mice with three epitope proteins could all recognize nature EBV antigens, especially LMP2199-209 and LMP2381-391 immunized groups.Conclusions Three possible dominant epitopes of LMP2199-209, LMP2318-322 and LMP2381-391 from EBV LMP2 are prepared by prokaryotic expression system and exhibit obvious immunogenicity, which could be used for further research of EBV infection and related tumor vaccine.

BACKGROUND: Mitochondria are not only the important place for consuming oxygen and producing free radical, but also an aggressive target place by endogenous free radical. The changes of structure and function of mitochondria will be take place with aging. Portulaca (Portulaca oleracea L.) is usually called as the macrobiotic vegetable. Portulaca is eutrophic and anti-free radical. It is worth exploring whether the anti-aging action of Portulaca is correlated with its protection on myocardial mitochondria.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of the Portulaca water extract on the lipid peroxidation myocardial mitochondrial phospholipid and the activity of respiratory chain enzymes in aging model mice, and analyze the pathway of protective effect on myocardial mitochondria.DESIGN: A completely randomized design and controlled animal experiments.SETTING: Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University.MATERIALS: ①The animals were raised and the experiments were completed in the Experimental Animal Center of Jiamusi University from March 2003 to August 2004. The animals were killed, hearts were removed and mitochondria were harvested in the Department of Biochemistry; The indexes were determined in the Department of Biochemistry,experimental center and the College of Chemistry and Pharmacology. ② Thirty healthy adult Kunming mice (either male or female) were divided into 3 groups by random feeling ball method: young control group (n =8), aging model group (n =11) and Portulaca treated group (n =11). ③ Portulaca was offered by Jiamusi Institute of Chinese Herbs, and appraisement by the Department of Crude Drug of Jiamusi University. Portulacas were made into water extract (crud drug 1 kg/L). Standard cardiolipin was offered by Sigma Company (USA), kits for malonaldehyde (MDA) and the activity of Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+-ATPase) were provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute.METHODS: ①The aging model mice were daily given subcutaneous injection of D-galactose on the nape back (100 mg/kg);Besides, mice in the Portulaca treated group were perfused with the Portulaca water extract (13 g/kg per day) for 30 days continuously, and those in the young control group were daily given subcutaneous injection of saline of the same volume for 30 days continuously. All the mice were killed on the next day after the last administration, and then hearts were quickly removed and reserved. ② Mitochondria were prepared according to the method provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute. The MDA content and the activities of Ca2+-ATPase were determined following the illustration of the kit. The relative amount of cardiolipin in phospholipid on the mitochondrial membrane was determined with the high-performance liquid chromatography. The activities of Complex Ⅰ and Complex Ⅱ +Ⅲ were measured by Wu's method. ③ The differences of measurement data were compared with the analysis of variance and t test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Composition of phospholipid on myocardial mitochondrial membrane of mice; MDA content, activities of Complex Ⅰ, Complex Ⅱ +Ⅲ and Ca2+-ATPase in mitochondria.RESULTS: All the 30 mice were involved in the final analysis of results. ① MDA contents in myocardial mitochondria: It was significantly higher in the aging model group [(8.827±0.873) μ mol/g] than in the young control group and Portulaca treated group [(5.194±0.674), (5.901±0.743) μmol/g, t =7.48, 7.22, P ＜ 0.01]. ② Relative amounts of cardiolipin and the activities of Ca2+-ATPase in myocardial mitochondria: Those were obviously lower in the aging model group [cardiolipin:(0.156±0.012) mg/g, (1.267±0.167) μkat/g] than in the young control group and Portulaca treated group [(0.190±0.022),(0.184±0.021) mg/g; Ca2+-ATPase: (1.870±0.254), (1.780±0.237) μ kat/g, t =3.23,5.61, P ＜ 0.05-0.01]. ③ Activities of Complex Ⅰ and Complex Ⅱ + Ⅲ in myocardial mitochondria: Those were significantly lower in the aging model group [(3.517±0.383), (20.217±2.200) μkat/g] than in the young control group and Protulaca treated group [Complex Ⅰ:(6.817±0.600), (6.067±0.750) μ kat/g; Complex Ⅱ + Ⅲ: (56.400±4.933), (51.800±4.217) μkat/g, t =5.74,9.86, P ＜ 0.01].CONCLUSION: The Portulaca water extract has the protective effect on myocardial mitochondria by inhibiting the lipid peroxidation in myocardial mitochondria and enhancing the activities of respiratory chain enzymes.

BACKGROUND: The death of aging cells is virtually apoptosis. To a certain extent, it can be interpreted as a series of results of gere activities.Therefore, the inhibition of oncogene's expression can lengthen the life span of cells and delay aging of brain tissues.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of abstragulus mongholicus bung (AMB) on apoptosis of nerve cells and the expression of relevant gene in aging mice brain.DESIGN: Completely randomized design and controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Jiamusi University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Animal Center and Biochemical Laboratory of Jiamusi University from December 2003 to May 2004. Totally 24 healthy Kunming mice were recruited in this study. There were 8 two-month-old mice (young group) and 16 twelve-month-old mice. All the 16 mice were randomized into abstragulus mongholicus bung group and old control group with 8 in each group.METHODS:① AMB group:Mice in AMB group received gastric gavage was provided by the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the First Hospital Affiliated to Jiamusi University, and evaluated by Jiamusi Drug Inspection Bureau. Water decoction was prepared with 2 kg/L raw materials. Mice in old control group and young group were filled with lukewarm boiled water.② All the animals were treated as above for 30 consecutive days before put to death. Their brains were taken out immediately and the middle parts of the brains were removed to fix with neutral formaldehyde. The remaining brain tissues were made into mitochondria suspension. Content of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined with xanthosine oxidase method and TBA chemical colorimetry. Apoptotic cells (cells with yellow nuclei were positive ones) were assayed with in situ end-labeling (ISEL) and expression of bcl-2 gene was assayed with immunohistochemical method. The cells stained brown were positive ones. A total of 400 cells were counted under the 400× microscope. We graded the samples according to the percentage of the positive cells: the number of positive cells ＜ 5% -; 5%-10％ +; 11％-50％ ++; ＞ 51％ ().③ Grade and quantitative data were compared with rank sum test and t-test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effects of AMB on the rate of neu-ronal apoptosis, the activity of Mn-SOD, the concentration of MDA in mitochondria, and the intensity of the expression of bcl-2 gene.RESULTS: Totally 24 mice entered the final analysis.① Content of MnSOD was higher in young group and AMB group than in old control group (P＜0.05).② Concentration of MDA and apoptotic rate in young group and AMB group were lower than those in old control group (P ＜ 0.01).③Expression of bcl-2 gene was significantly different in young group and AMB group from that in old control group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: AMB is found to be able to obviously inhibit neuronal apoptosis in aging mice brain by affecting the activity of Mn-SOD, the concentration of MDA and the expression of bcl-2.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of azithromycin combined with Reduning injection in the treatment of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. METHODS:80 children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were randomly divided into control group and research group. All the children were given routine treatment,including oxygen inha-lation,defervescence,nutritional support,reducing sputum and relieving asthma,etc. Based on it,children in control group were orally treated by Azithromycin enteric coated tablets 10 mg/kg,once a day. Children in research group were treated by Reduning in-jection 10 ml and 5% glucose injection 100 ml by intravenous infusion,once a day,based on the treatment in control group. The course of both was 14 d. The clinical data was observed,including the clinical efficacy,interleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-8 (IL-8),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and the incidence of adverse reactions(ADR)before and after treatment. RESULTS:The total effective rate in research group was significantly higher than control group,with significant difference(P<0.05). After treat-ment,the IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and research group was lower than control group,with significant difference(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of ADR in 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on the routine treatment,azithromycin combined with Reduning injection has more obvious efficacy than only azithromycin in the treatment of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with similar safety.

In this research, Casuarina eguisetifolia Linn was used to verify the broadly suitability of DNA bar-codes in identification of Li-medicine plants and systematic development of species. The genomic DNA of 22 samples collected C. eguisetifolia and its adulterants were amplified by 4 pairs of primers respectively (ITS (inter-nal transcribed spacer), ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2), trnH-psbA , rbcL) and sequenced bi-directionally. Obtained sequences were assembled using CodonCode Aligner. The dates were analysised using MEGA5.1 in ac-cordance with the kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model. The neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic trees were construct-ed. Our study demonstrated the efficacy of ITS/ITS2 to distinguish between C. eguisetifolia and other adulterants species at the molecular level. Comparative to the primer of trnH-psbA and rbcL, there was a obviously DNA gap. The NJ trees showed that the several species of Casuarina can be classified to same types to show a obvi-ously monophyly, which the nearest family was Guttiferae. Therefore, ITS/ITS2 regions can accurately distinguish the original plant of Li-medicine. The systematic evolution of Casuarina can be verified in the molecular level.

Objective To study the changes of serum CORT,SOD and LPO in large-acreage cerebral insarction(LCI) and hyperthermia patients,and observe the effect of head hypothermia on them.Methods All cases of LCI were divided into head hypothermia treatment group(group A,n=49),warm water bath and glacial saline enema treatment group(group B,n=43),and health group(control group,group C,n=30).With the methods of radioimmunoassay,hydroxylamine oxidation and thirddialdehyde,the serum CORT,SOD and LPO level in the two groups were measured on the 2nd day after hospitalization and on the 2nd day,the 3rd day and the 4th day after hyperthermia.In addition,the life quality scores of the two groups were compared.Results The serum CORT,LPO of group A and group B were higher on the 2nd day after hospitaiization than the group C(P0.05),while the SOD were lower(P