Traditionally, a novice ear doctor acquires the skillfully operative ability through dissecting cadaveric temporal bone in ear surgical training lab. For conceivable reasons donated bodies are always short in supply, virtual reality-based simulator provides a new model for surgical training. It has been proven that the simulator is a useful tool for surgical training. And it can be used in the rehearsal of operation procedures, real-time operation guidance, and remote surgery. Our design is different from the existing virtual surgical system. It has a parallel, distributed multi-workstation with the vivid three-dimensional model of temporal bone, and it can be used not only to learn the ear surgical skills in the virtual environment, but also preoperative plan and surgical consultation.
Ear Diseases ; surgery ; Microsurgery ; methods ; Otolaryngology ; education ; User-Computer Interface

Endoscopy ; Humans ; Lasers, Gas ; Narrow Band Imaging ; Otolaryngology ; methods

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In recent years, surgical imaging has become important for legal and educational purposes. Significant improvements can be made from the surgeon's point of view in recording surgical procedures, particularly with respect to the action camera with high-definition video recordings. For otolaryngologic surgery, the surgical view is narrow, and there is a limit to proper imaging using the existing lens of the action camera. Therefore, we aimed to find out if we could obtain surgical images through simple modification of action camera. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The action camera was modified to match the surgical field. We selected a suitable lens for otolaryngology surgery using a calculation formula. The action camera was simply modified according to the design. The modified action camera can be mounted on the surgeon's head or the surgical light. We compared the images taken with the modified action camera and the images taken with the existing camcorder. The modified action camera was able to capture a narrow surgical field for otolaryngologic surgery. RESULTS: Unlike the existing method, we were able to obtain high-quality images using a modified action camera at the first person's viewpoint without auxiliary manpower. The action camera was considerably cost effective compared to other methods of recording surgery. CONCLUSION: The modified action camera allows for high-definition, cost-effective, and firstperson viewpoint for otolaryngologic surgery. The modified action camera allows for detailed videography that can enhance surgical teaching, presentation and patient education materials.
Education ; Head ; Methods ; Otolaryngology ; Patient Education as Topic ; Video Recording

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to cover the shortages of PBL, such as time-consuming, abstract, lacking of the course of clinic practice, and to introduce PBL to the teaching of otorhinolaryngology. METHOD: By the improvement of the international classic teaching model of PBL, we put forward "four-stage gradual expanding approach of PBL" and establish "four-stage gradual expanding approach of PBL in otorhinolaryngology". RESULT: Through the four stages of watching PBL, simulation PBL, internship PBL, practice PBL, we have accomplished the organic integration of theory teaching and clinical practice. CONCLUSION This teaching method is more adaptive to the teaching of otorhinolaryngology, and it can help the medicine students to establish the whole concept of medicine and can stimulate them to form the good habits of self-regulated learning and life-long learning efficiently.
Educational Technology ; Otolaryngology ; education ; Problem-Based Learning ; methods

In the article we described a case of 61-year-old male with pharyngeal paraesthesia for 3 months. Physical examination: lean physique; vast uneven white membrane above hard palate, soft palate and pharynx mucous membrane, not easy to wipe and extend to the throat. The neck without cervical lymph node enlargement. Blood routine test: WBC 4.92 x 10(9)/L, N 64.3%, L 18.7%, EO 7.1%. RBC 4.08 x 10(12)/L, PLT 181 x 10(9)/L. No significant abnormal in the other blood biochemical indexes, tumor marker and immune indexes; blood bacteria culture: negative; blood culture: negative; sputum culture (3 times): all negative; anti-HIV screening test: positive, serum HIV testing: positive(the test done by Shanghai Pudong new area's centers for disease control and detection). The incidence of HIV/AIDS is still low at present, so the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS can be ignored easily by the otolaryngology doctor. If the patient with oral cavity and pharyngeal ulcer delayed healing, the doctor should be alert to,HIV/AIDS infection. We should check serum HIV antibody to eliminate or confirm HIV/AIDS earlier.
HIV Infections ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otolaryngology ; methods

Academic Dissertations as Topic ; Humans ; Otolaryngology ; trends ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Thyroidectomy ; methods

In order to reduce the test time in real ear hearing-aid fitting for children, the validity of applying the average real ear to coupler differences (RECDs) in prefitting procedure using a 2cc coupler measurement system was evaluated by checking whether the majority of people's RECDs might occur within 5 dB of the average RECDs (N = 116) in each test frequency and age group. The percentages of occurrence were around 90% in test subjects' RECDs in saturation sound pressure levels (SSPLs) and around 70% in gain in each important test frequency. Appropriate test frequencies in prefitting are 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 Hz.
Adolescence ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Ear ; Hearing Aids* ; Human ; Infant ; Middle Age ; Otolaryngology/methods* ; Otolaryngology/instrumentation* ; Prosthesis Fitting/methods* ; Time Factors

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tinnitus is a common symptom in otolaryngology. While there have been some animal studies of unique findings in auditory brainstem response (ABR), there have not been much reports related to ABR waves and tinnitus. Recently, some human studies have been reported on the specific characteristics of ABR wave in tinnitus patients. In this study, we compared waveform characteristics of the tinnitus ear with those of non-tinnitus ear in unilateral tinnitus patients. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A retrospective review was carried out for 101 patients, who had been enrolled from January 2011 to April 2016 for the treatment of unilateral tinnitus. ABR parameters between the tinnitus ear and the normal ear were compared. The entire population was divided into two groups, a right tinnitus group and a left tinnitus group, and each group was compared interaurally. RESULTS: Latency delay and amplitude differences were observed in the ipsilesional wave III, but the ratio differences were not significant. The right tinnitus patient group showed an increased amplitude but no latency delay in the wave III and V. The left tinnitus patient group showed a latency delay in the wave I, III, and V and a decreased amplitude difference in the wave III. CONCLUSION: When the ABR waveform of unilateral tinnitus patients were compared interaurally, different ABR characteristics were observed between the right and left tinnitus. This may raise the possibility of a different pathophysiologic mechanism between the right and left ear.
Animals ; Brain Stem* ; Ear ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Humans ; Methods ; Otolaryngology ; Retrospective Studies ; Tinnitus*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Qualitative and quantitative data of tinnitus are both important to obtain necessary information for assessing tinnitus evaluation. But contrary to quantitative questionnaire, qualitative data is not standardized in Korea. This study aimed to standardize the qualitative data of tinnitus by developing a Korean-type integrated qualitative tinnitus questionnaires. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional survey of Korean otolaryngologists was performed. The questionnaires were administered to otologists who were registered as participants in the tinnitus study group of otology research interest group (ORIG). RESULTS: Most of the otologists (100% of responders) have used the quantitative tinnitus questionnaire measurement (90.5%), but only 76% have used qualitative tinnitus questionnaire. From the responses of otologists who regularly use qualitative questionnaire, 25 items were adopted from the 35 item list. Questionnaire items were selected according to the frequency of listed items in the individual lists. CONCLUSION: We made a qualitative questionnaire consisting of 25 items that were essential and widely accepted. We expect this work will integrate and standardize qualitative tinnitus questionnaires in Korea.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Korea ; Methods ; Otolaryngology ; Public Opinion ; Qualitative Research ; Tinnitus*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diagnosis by Related Groups (DRG), a system forcibly implemented in all medical institutions from July 2013, was applied to tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the field of Otorhinolaryngology. We analyzed the changes in medical costs and evaluated the efficiency of the DRG system by analyzing the data collected before and after the DRG implementation. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We analyzed the total number of cases, total medical costs and per charge for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy using the data from the Korean National Health Insurance from 2011 to 2014. We compared the number and cost of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy by hospital type, region, and patient age. RESULTS: The total number of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy after the application of DRG systems in July 2013 in all medical institutions was reduced, but the total costs showed a tendancy to increase, resulting in an increase per charge of case. The number of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy was decreased in general and specialized hospitals, but the costs were increased after DRG systems. CONCLUSION: Medical costs per charge of case related to tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy was higher in the DRG system than in the 'fee for service' system. Increased medical costs, considered to be the most likely cause of patient copayments, are recognized in the DRG system. The results showed that saving effect of medical costs was not significant in the DRG system; it may appear to relieve patient burden in the short term, but the financial state of national health insurance is worsening.
Adenoidectomy ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis-Related Groups ; Humans ; Insurance, Health* ; Methods ; National Health Programs ; Otolaryngology ; Tonsillectomy*