Otitls media is one of the most common diseases during childhood with a peak incidence and prevalence from 6 to 20 months of age. It is the most frequent disease managed with antibiotics in children. The infection typically develops as a result of bacterial contamination through the Eustachian tube in the presence of preexisting inflammation in the middle ear. The optimal method of management remains open to question and is the subject of continuing controversy. Over-diagnosis of the disease and unnecessary prescription of antibiotics for this condition have contributed to the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Thus, the differential diagnosis between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion is important to determine the management strategy; whether to use antibiotics and which antibiotics to use when necessary. Otitis media may be accompanied by a variable degree of conductive hearing loss. Both infectious and noninfectious complications of otitis media may result in significant morbidity and complications, including acute and chronic mastoiditis, petrositis, and intracranial infection.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ear, Middle ; Eustachian Tube ; Hearing Loss, Conductive ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Mastoid ; Mastoiditis ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Petrositis ; Prescriptions ; Prevalence

No abstract available.
Lipopolysaccharides* ; Otitis Media with Effusion* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis*

No abstract available.
Mastoid* ; Otitis Media with Effusion* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis*

No abstract available.
Mastoid* ; Otitis Media with Effusion* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis*

Subperiosteal abscess of the mastoid region and Bezold's abscesses have become very rare since introduction of antibiotics. Subpriosteal abscess is usually seen in children who have acute mastoiditis. Its occurrence in adults or in associated with chronic otitis media is even more unusual. Bezold's abscess, a complication of acute otitis media in adult who has well pneumatized air cells in the tip of the mastoid, is also rarely seen in the current era of antibiotics. This paper reports a case of postauricular subperiosteal and Bezold's abscess complicating chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma in a 37-year old woman with review of literatures.
Abscess* ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Cholesteatoma* ; Female ; Humans ; Mastoid ; Mastoiditis ; Otitis Media ; Otitis Media, Suppurative*

Objectives: To identify the bacterial pathogens associated with chronic suppurative otitis media and their antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: The study was carried out from July 2004-July 2005 at the outpatient clinic of a government tertiary hospital. Number of subjects: A total of 32 patients (54 ears) with unilateral or bilateral active chronic suppurative otitis media. Results: Bacterial pathogens of 54 ear discharge samples from CSOM were studied. Among them, 42 (78 percent) were pure cultures and 9 (16.7 percent) were mixed, only 3 (5.6 percent) of the submitted samples had no growth. There were 42 pure isolates, the most common of which was Staphylococcus aureus 21 (50 percent), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 14 (33.3 percent). Drug sensitivity pattern of Staphylococcus aureus showed that 61.9 percent were resistant to Penicillin while more than 90 percent were sensitive to Aminoglycosides and Clindamycin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to penicillin in 64.3 percent of cases and Ciprofloxacin was active against pseudomonas in 85.7 percent. Conclusion: The most common bacterial pathogens from CSOM include Staphylococcus aureu and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Majority of the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to penicillin. Aminoglycosides, macrolides and quinolones were effective against most of the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. (Author)
OTITIS MEDIA OTITIS MEDIA ; SUPPURATIVE TYMPANIC-MEMBRANE MASTOIDITIS CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES

OBJECTIVES: To fabricate a single instrument that can be used to perform myringotomy and insert a pressure equalizing tube at almost the same time.

METHODS
Design: Surgical Instrumentation

Setting: Tertiary Private Hospital

Subject: A chicken egg membrane was used as a tympanic membrane model

RESULTS: The fabricated instrument was able to perforate the egg membrane and apply the modified polyethylene pressure equalizing tube in less than one minute without complications.

CONCLUSION: The prototype applicator can facilitate myringotomy and pressure equalizing (PE) tube insertion at only a fraction of the time it usually takes to do the standard myringotomy and subsequent ventilating tube insertion.

No abstract available.
Hypersensitivity* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Otitis Media with Effusion* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis*

No abstract available.
Complement System Proteins* ; Otitis Media with Effusion* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Ear, Middle* ; Humans ; Otitis Media with Effusion* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis*