The aim of study was to analyze the epidemiology of chronic media with effusion and chronic otitis media at E.N.T Department, DakLak Hospital from 2000 to 2004. Retrospective study. Rate: * Chronic media with effusion/otitis:12.95% * Chronic media with effusion/total disease of E.N.T: 3% * Chronic otitis media/otitis: 5.99% * Chronic otitis media/total disease of E.N.T: 1.53% * Male: 43%, female: 57%. Kinh people: 79%, ethnic minority: 21%.
Otitis Media ; Epidemiology

Adult persons of 16-70 years old at the age groups in 3 urban, rural areas and U Minh muddly jungle in Ca Mau province from August 2002 to October 2003 were investigated. The incidence of chronical otitis media with ear-drum membrane perforation reached 1.6% in general, 2.1% in U Minh jungle, 1.2% in urban and 1.6% in rural areas. Related factors and factory which increased the incidence were chronical similar rhinitis, amygdalitis indoor animals. The gender and smoking habits were not related.
Otitis Media/epidemiology ; Epidemiology ; Adult

4189 persons in Phu Vang – Hue were enrolled in an inquiry on health and morbidity. Results showed that ear diseases account for 6.1%, among them media otitis trended to increase with children age; deaf and dumb 0.2%, dull 0.1%. In the right ear and left ear the incidence of media otitis was similar. Hearing capacity was less sensitive if it has media otitis of both sides. In children, extern otitis was preponderant, while in adult the main problems were buzzed ear, hearing loss, drum membrane perforation, mainly in the centre, then in ¼ infero anterior and ¼ posterioinferior, chronic media otitis 97.75%, acute 2.25%. About ¾ cases of media otitis lost hearing capacity, 28.5% had not been treated, 31.1% treated in commune health station, 25% in private physician office, 25.2% self treated at home, 18.7% in district and provincial hospital. In > 3 children family group, 81.6% and in > 5 children family group, 46.2% had media otitis
Otitis ; Otitis Media ; Diseases ; epidemiology ; diagnosis

Study was carried out at some kindergarten with 773 children of 1-5 years old of age. Results showed an incidence of catarrhal media otitis of 10.34%. This incidence trends to increased in the lower age with a peak of 12.21% at the age of 2, then diminished gradually. The gender rate is 53.75% in boys comparing with 46.25% in girls. In 75.60% patients the condition occurred in both sides of two ears and in the case of unilateral development, the rate is 70.27% in the left in comparing with 29.73% in right ear
Otitis Media ; Child ; Epidemiologic Studies ; epidemiology

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is most commonly found during the first two years of life, and becomes somewhat less prevalent thereafter. There are many reports about the prevalence rate of OME in preschool children, but there has been no large scale survey of its prevalence rate in school-age children. The point prevalence of OME among children of the above age in Ansan city were investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tympanometry and pneumatic otoscopic examination were performed on 2713 children aged 6-12 years, during the spring season of 1998. RESULTS: A total of 4.5% of the subjects had unilateral or bilateral OME. The prevalence rate of OME in 6 year-old children was 10.8%. The prevalence rate in 12 year-old children was decreased to 2.1%. The incidence of OME in girls was higher than in boys. Bilateral involvement was noted in 38.3%, and the remainder had unilateral involvement. The majority of the cases (88.5%) were free of subjective symptoms. CONCLUSION: More attention should be required to OME in children aged 9 years and younger because of its high prevalence.
Acoustic Impedance Tests ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Otitis Media with Effusion* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Prevalence* ; Seasons

The 7-valent pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has been shown to be highly efficacious against invasive pneumococcal diseases and effective against pneumonia and in reducing otitis media. The introduction of PCV7 has resulted in major changes in the epidemiology of pneumococcal diseases. However, pneumococcal vaccines induce serotype-specific immunity, and a relative increase in non-vaccine serotypes has been reported following the widespread use of PCV7, leading to a need for extended serotype coverage for protection. PCV10 and PCV13 have been licensed on the basis of noninferiority of immunogenicity compared to a licensed conjugate vaccine. In this article, we aimed to review important data regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of the extended-coverage PCVs published or reported thus far and to discuss future implications for pneumococcal vaccines in Korea. After the introduction of PCV10 and PCV13, within a short period of time, evidence of protection conferred by these vaccines against invasive and mucosal infections caused by most of the serotypes included in the vaccines is accumulating. The choice of vaccine should be based on the changes in the dynamics of pneumococcal serotype distribution and diseases in the region where the vaccines are to be used. Continuous surveillance is essential for the appropriate use of pneumococcal vaccines and evaluation of the impact of PCVs on pneumococcal diseases.
Epidemiology ; Korea ; Otitis Media ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Pneumonia ; Vaccines ; Vaccines, Conjugate*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the most common bacterial infection and the most frequent otologic indication for antimicrobial or surgical therapy in young children. It is also the leading cause of hearing disturbance in children. There have been few reports about the prevalence rate of OME in preschool children in Seoul. So, we investigated the prevalence of OME among kindergarten and elementary children in Song Buk Gu, Seoul, Korea. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tympanometry and pneumatic otoscopic examination were performed on 3,364 children aged 3-7 years, from March to June of 1999. RESULTS: A total of 11.74% of the subjects had unilateral or bilateral OME. The prevalence rate of OME in 3 year-old children was 30.0% and that of 7 year-old children was decreased to 8.9%. The prevalence rate in March was 18.5% and that in June decreased to 6.5%. The majority of the cases were free of subjective symptoms, but some of significant symptoms were ear fullness, otalgia, tendency to increase the TV volume and autophonia. CONCLUSION: Significant risk factors are seasonal variation, age and the history of OME. There should be more attention paid to OME in children aged 7 years and younger, because its high prevalence and less symptoms.
Acoustic Impedance Tests ; Bacterial Infections ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Ear ; Earache ; Epidemiology ; Hearing ; Humans ; Korea* ; Music* ; Otitis Media with Effusion* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Prevalence* ; Risk Factors* ; Seasons ; Seoul*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of otitis media with effusion (OME) of kindergarten children in Wuhan City. METHOD: The study subjects were 3-6-year-old children in some kindergarten children in Wuhan City . All subjects were assessed with routine otorhinolaryngologic examination, otoscopic examination and tympanometry. Chi-square test were used to analyse the difference of data. RESULT: The prevalence of children of some kindergarten in Wuhan City is 6.67%. There was no statistical difference were found between sexuality. The prevalence of OME in 3 years old group is obviously higher than that in 4-6 years old group. Previous acute otitis media episodes, feeding, high-arched palate, and nasal obstruction are risk factors of OME. CONCLUSION Children with previous acute otitis media episode and nasal obstruction should be suggested to have otorhinolaryngologic examination regularly. It is necessary to have routine otoscopic examination and tympanometry in children of kindergarten.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Otitis Media ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Schools, Nursery

OBJECTIVETo explore evaluation strategies for middle ear dysfunction in cleft palate patients, to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of this dysfunction, and ultimately to improve the comprehensive treatment of cleft palate.

METHODSThe relationship among abnormal tympanic types (B, C, and Anomaly), effusion rate, tympanic pressure, and hearing loss were analyzed. We collected relevant information on 469 ears of cleft palate patients and traced one-year longitudinal changes in the tympana of 124 ears from 62 patients with both cleft lip and cleft palate.

RESULTSThe effusion rates of cleft palate patients with type B, type C, and type Anomaly were 50.3% (97/193), 34.8% (8/23), and 20.9% (53/253), respectively. The tympanic pressure of the ears with and without effusion showed no significant difference (P>0.05). The hearing loss in type B cleft palate patients with middle ear effusion was worse than that in patients without effusion (P=0.001). However, the hearing loss in type Anomaly showed no difference (P>0.05). The constituent ratio of each tympanic type remained constant during the period between cheiloplasty and palatoplasty for cleft lip and palate patients (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONCleft palate patients of all tympanic types may all suffer from middle ear effusion at different rates. Examination by centesis is suggested for ears with abnormal tympanic types. Early aggressive therapy is essential for type B cleft palate patients with middle ear effusion to avoid hearing loss. However, catheterization may be not necessary for type Anomaly patients, and conservative observation should be performed instead. Myringotomy with grommet insertion during palatoplasty does not delay treatment timing for patients with both cleft lip and cleft palateg.

Objective: To explore the otological and hearing characteristics in children with Turner syndrome (TS), to determine risk factors of hearing loss, and to discuss algorithms for future surveillance. Methods: The clinical data of otolaryngology in children with TS from January 2018 to April 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 46 female children with TS, aged from 5 to 18 years were enrolled. Karyotypes included 17 cases (37.0%) of monosomy, 16 cases (34.7%) of mosaicism, and 13 cases (28.3%) of abnormal X chromosome structures. The otoscopic characteristics, audiological performance, and otologic diagnoses were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The most common otologic comorbidity was otitis media with effusion (OME), including 20 cases (43.5%) with 33 ears (35.9%). 14 cases (30.4%) were diagnosed with hearing loss. The regression analysis revealed that the age (OR=1.345, 95%CI: 1.072-1.760) and comorbidity of OME (OR=9.460, 95%CI: 2.065-60.350) were risk factors associated with hearing loss. In TS with OME, when compared with the mean air conduction threshold, the hearing loss of the group with pars flaccida retractions was significantly higher ((24.3±13.8) dB HL vs. (14.4±4.2) dB HL, U=59.500, P=0.008) than that of the group with none retractions. Conclusion: OME and hearing loss are common in children with TS. As age increases or suffers from OME, the risk of hearing loss increases.
Child ; Female ; Hearing ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; Retrospective Studies ; Turner Syndrome/epidemiology*