OBJECTIVETo study the histochemical staining in the diagnosis of osteosarcoma.

METHODSTo compare the effectiveness of picrosirius red, improved Ponceau trichrome and Masson trichrome staining methods on bone formation tissues in conventional osteosarcoma, paraosteal osteosarcoma, periosteal osteosarcoma, extraskeletal osteosarcoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, malignant fibrohistiocytoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosis with ossification and calcification.

RESULTSWith modified Ponceau trichrome staining, bone formation tissues showed a homogenous, orange-red interblended with blue in color. From osteoid to mature bone the color changed from orange-red, light blue to dark blue. Fibrotic tissue was stained blue in color with striated appearance. Cartilage was not stained. Picrosirius red method gave bone formation tissues homogenous staining. Along with bone maturation, from osteoid tissue to mineralized bones, the color showed changes from light red, yellow, orange-red, red to dark purple. The cartilage demonstrated homogenous light red in color. Fibrous tissue stained red interblended with yellow in color, striated in shape. With Masson trichrome staining osteoid displayed pale blue and mineralized bone showed dark blue in color. Fibrotic tissue showed a striated blue staining.

CONCLUSIONThe modified Ponceau trichrome and Picrosirius red staining methods are better than Masson trichrome to demonstrate bone formation tissue in osteosarcoma. The former two methods could be also used in study on bone formation.

Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; Histocytochemistry ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma ; pathology ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; pathology ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma ; pathology ; Ureter ; pathology ; Ureteral Neoplasms ; pathology

Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteosarcoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Wrist

Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is a rare, malignant tumor with myofibroblastic differentiation. Despite it being classified as a distinct entity by the World Health Organization, a few cases were reported in the oral and maxillofacial region. Here, a LGMS developed on the palate of a 73-year-old man who presented with a 1-cm tumor on the posterior border of the palate. Based on the histological and immunohistochemical features, a diagnosis of LGMS was established. The tumor was resected, and no recurrence was observed over 2 years. Although the tongue is the most preferred site for LGMS, it may occur in any region of the oral cavity.
Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Myofibroblasts ; pathology ; Osteosarcoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Palatal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Palate, Hard ; pathology

BACKGROUNDOsteosarcoma is characterized by high neovascularization and a high propensity for metastasis through bloodstream. This study was to examine whether there is evidence for vasculogenic mimicry in osteosarcoma and to illustrate mechanism of tumor blood vessels formation in osteosarcoma.

METHODSOsteosarcoma cell lines (U-2OS) were tested for their ability to form tubular networks in three-dimensional culture containing type I collagen. The structures of the tubular networks were observed with phase contrast microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Morphometric studies using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain and CD31 immunohistochemical stain to show tumor-lined channels in human osteosarcoma were also performed.

RESULTSObservation with light microscope and TEM showed that highly aggressive osteosarcoma cell lines (U-2OS) formed networks containing channels when grown in three-dimensional culture containing type I collagen, in the absence of endothelial cells or fibroblasts. Morphometric observation using HE stain and CD31 immunohistochemical stain showed that tumor cell-lined channels were also detected in vivo in osteosarcoma; by comparison, all vascular areas in the pedicle of osteochondroma or outside osteochondroma were endothelial-lined.

CONCLUSIONThese observations strongly suggest that aggressive osteosarcoma cells may generate vascular channels that facilitate tumor perfusion independent of tumor angiogenesis and have the ability of vasculogenic mimicry.

Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Collagen ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; pathology ; Osteosarcoma ; pathology

Parosteal osteosarcoma is a low-grade osteosarcoma, which occurs on the surface of the bone. We had experienced a parosteal osteosarcoma involving the flat bone, the scapula of a 21-year-old man. This is an extremely rare location for a parosteal osteosarcoma. Plain radiograph showed broad-based, well-defined radiodense lesion at the scapula. Computed tomogram demonstrated an intact cortex and absence of a medullary involvement. Tumor showed a lobulated, high-density lesion, indicating bone formation. Histologically, parosteal osteosarcoma is a well-differentiated osteosarcoma. The tumor is composed of a hypocellular proliferation of spindle cells, with minimal cytologic atypia. The bone is in the form of a well-formed bony trabeculae. Occasional cartilage is present in the form of a cap.
Adult ; Bone Neoplasms/radiography* ; Bone Neoplasms/pathology ; Case Report ; Human ; Male ; Osteosarcoma/radiography* ; Osteosarcoma/pathology ; Scapula/radiography* ; Scapula/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Parosteal osteosarcoma is a low-grade osteosarcoma, which occurs on the surface of the bone. We had experienced a parosteal osteosarcoma involving the flat bone, the scapula of a 21-year-old man. This is an extremely rare location for a parosteal osteosarcoma. Plain radiograph showed broad-based, well-defined radiodense lesion at the scapula. Computed tomogram demonstrated an intact cortex and absence of a medullary involvement. Tumor showed a lobulated, high-density lesion, indicating bone formation. Histologically, parosteal osteosarcoma is a well-differentiated osteosarcoma. The tumor is composed of a hypocellular proliferation of spindle cells, with minimal cytologic atypia. The bone is in the form of a well-formed bony trabeculae. Occasional cartilage is present in the form of a cap.
Adult ; Bone Neoplasms/radiography* ; Bone Neoplasms/pathology ; Case Report ; Human ; Male ; Osteosarcoma/radiography* ; Osteosarcoma/pathology ; Scapula/radiography* ; Scapula/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A case of osteosarcoma in a 14 month old girl is reported. The child presented with a history of difficulty in standing for 2 months and x-rays revealed an osteolytic lesion in the upper third of the femur associated with widening of bone and periosteal reaction. Osteosarcoma was diagnosed by biopsy. Treatment was refused and the child died 13 weeks later. Only one other case of osteosarcoma in a child as young as 14 months has been reported. A review of literature showed 22 cases of osteosarcoma in children aged 5 years or younger.
Age Factors ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Femoral Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Osteosarcoma ; pathology

Bone Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology ; Child ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma ; immunology ; pathology ; Rosette Formation

Humans ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors/pathology* ; Osteosarcoma/pathology* ; Fibrosarcoma ; Bone Neoplasms/surgery*