No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal*

Romosozumab, a specific inhibitor of sclerostin, is a unique approach to therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis and related disorders. The elucidation of sclerostin deficiency as the molecular defect of syndromes of high bone mass with normal quality, and the pivotal role of sclerostin as a mediator of osteoblastic activity and bone formation, provided the platform for the evaluation of inhibitors of sclerostin to activate bone formation. An extensive preclinical program and 2 large fracture endpoint trials with romosozumab, a sclerostin-binding antibody, have been completed. This review will highlight the results of those studies and describe the current status of romosozumab as a potential therapy for osteoporosis.
Female ; Humans ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal*

The past three decades have seen a dramatic increase in female participation in athletics. The presentation of female athlete in 2008 Beijing Olympic Game increased up to 42.4% of total competitors. Despite the increased participation in female athletics, sports medicine research focusing on female athletics is still in its early stages. The unique anatomic, physiologic, and biomechanical characteristics of female need special attention. In general, females are shorter in stature, shorter femur, wider pelvis, larger knee valgus, narrower shoulder, and more lax in soft tissue. Females tend to have more fat, less muscle mass, and lower bone mineral density than equally trained males. Female athletes also have a concern about the pregnancy and cyclic hormonal changes with menstruation. The important musculoskeletal conditions for female athlete are scoliosis, shoulder instability and frequent knee problems including anterior cruciate ligament injury. Medically, female athlete triad composed with disordered eating, athletic amenorrhea, and premature osteoporosis is a major problems to evaluate and needs the early management.
Amenorrhea ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Athletes ; Athletic Injuries ; Bone Density ; Eating ; Female ; Female Athlete Triad Syndrome ; Femur ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Menstruation ; Muscles ; Osteoporosis ; Pelvis ; Pregnancy ; Scoliosis ; Shoulder ; Sports ; Sports Medicine

The past three decades have seen a dramatic increase in female participation in athletics. The presentation of female athlete in 2008 Beijing Olympic Game increased up to 42.4% of total competitors. Despite the increased participation in female athletics, sports medicine research focusing on female athletics is still in its early stages. The unique anatomic, physiologic, and biomechanical characteristics of female need special attention. In general, females are shorter in stature, shorter femur, wider pelvis, larger knee valgus, narrower shoulder, and more lax in soft tissue. Females tend to have more fat, less muscle mass, and lower bone mineral density than equally trained males. Female athletes also have a concern about the pregnancy and cyclic hormonal changes with menstruation. The important musculoskeletal conditions for female athlete are scoliosis, shoulder instability and frequent knee problems including anterior cruciate ligament injury. Medically, female athlete triad composed with disordered eating, athletic amenorrhea, and premature osteoporosis is a major problems to evaluate and needs the early management.
Amenorrhea ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Athletes ; Athletic Injuries ; Bone Density ; Eating ; Female ; Female Athlete Triad Syndrome ; Femur ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Menstruation ; Muscles ; Osteoporosis ; Pelvis ; Pregnancy ; Scoliosis ; Shoulder ; Sports ; Sports Medicine

OBJECTIVE: This study is to examine the physical function, psychological well-being, and subjective symptom of postmenopausal osteoporotic women. METHODS: Data used for this study was collected from 397 women who had experienced one years or longer menopause and visited a hospital in Seoul, Korea during the period from May to December 2005. RESULTS: The level of physical function of the fracture osteoporosis group was significantly lower than the other three groups. The psychological well-being of the fracture osteoporosis group was significantly lower than the other three groups. Subjective symptom of the fracture osteoporosis group was significantly higher than the other three groups. The level of physical function was positively correlated with psychological well-being and negatively with subjective symptom. Psychological well-being was also negatively correlated with the level of subjective symptom. Based on the results, it is recommended that the prevention of vertebral fracture in osteoporotic woman is important, and nursing intervention is necessary for the physical function, psychological well-being, and subjective symptom care.
Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Menopause ; Nursing ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; Seoul

Stress fractures occur when the loads applied to a bone exceed the mechanical resistance and fall into two groups. Fatigue fractures, in which abnormal mechanical stress is applied to a normal bone, and insufficiency fractures, in which fracture occurs when stress of normal activity is applied to a bone that has decreased elastic resistance. Femoral shaft insufficiency fractures are reported rarely in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. We report a case of repetitive insufficiency fractures of the femoral shaft in 70 year-old female with marked osteoporosis.
Female ; Fractures, Stress ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; Stress, Mechanical

Bisphosphonate, a potent anti-resorptive agent, is generally accepted as a safe, effective, well tolerated treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Atypical femoral fracture (AFF) and bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of jaw (BRONJ) are the increasing morbidities in patients treated with long term bisphosphonate. Pathogenic mechanisms of AFF and BRONJ are not fully identified and not identical. We report a case of BRONJ followed by AFF and its nonunion in a 67-year-old woman patient receiving an oral bisphosphonate during 7 years for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Aged ; Female ; Femoral Fractures* ; Humans ; Jaw* ; Osteonecrosis* ; Osteoporosis* ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal

Denosumab, a specific inhibitor of RANK ligand, is a novel therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis and related disorders. An extensive clinical development program has evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of denosumab with several thousand patients being followed for up to 10 years. Combined with more than six years of postmarketing experience, these studies provide substantial confidence that denosumab is a convenient and appropriate treatment for patients, including Asians, at high risk for fracture. This review will summarize the clinical development of denosumab and lessons learned since its approval for clinical use in 2010.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Denosumab* ; Female ; Humans ; Osteoporosis* ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; RANK Ligand ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the radiomorphometric indices of the mandible on panoramic radiographs among three groups of normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis and to determine whether panoramic indices have validity in predicting osteoporotic risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninty-four postmenupausal women aged 42-72 years (mean 62+/-7.5) were examined using dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry (DEXA) of the lumbar and classified into three groups by WHO classification. Panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical thickness (Mental index (MI), Antegonial index (AI), Gonial index (GI) ) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI) were measured bilaterally on panoramic radiographs and analyzed. RESULTS: There were signigicant differences among normal, osteopenic and osteoporoti groups in PMI (I), PMI (S), MI, AI, GI and MCI. The sensitivities of the MCI (93%) and the combination index of MCI and MI (90%) in diagnosing osteopenic/osteoporotic cases were high. CONCLUSION: The widths and shapes of the mandibular cortical bone on panoramic radiography may highly reflect the systemic osteopenic/osteoporotic conditions of the patients.
Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Classification ; Female ; Humans ; Mandible* ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; Radiography, Panoramic