A approach to segment the color image based on Hue-Saturation-Value (HSV) space was proposed, and it was used to segment the color image digitized from the bone sections stained with Masson-Goldner's Trichrome by CCD camera. According to HSV approach, color image was transformed from RGB space to HSV space at first, and then the image was segmented by using the threshold value of hue (90 < H < 150) and saturation (S > 0.25) to find the image of the green color stained trabecular. And then used the threshold value of saturation (S < 0.2) and value (V > V(background) x 0.95) to find the unstained high brightness field. At last, unstained high brightness fields which were concluded in stained trabecular image were filled with the color of trabecular, so the completely trabecular image could be drawn. The results showed that HSV approach was fast and simple, and it could be an efficient automatic algorithm.
Algorithms ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones ; pathology ; Color ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Osteoporosis ; pathology ; Staining and Labeling

No abstract available.
Female ; Femoral Fractures/*surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/*methods ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/*pathology ; Osteoporotic Fractures/*surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influences of experimental osteoporosis (OP) on bone healing of autologous iliac crest graft around dental implants in rabbits.

METHODSTwenty Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. Bilaterally ovariectomy was performed on experimental group and control group received sham-operation. Twelve weeks later, femoral bones were examined for bone mineral density (BMD) to verify OP status. Then bone defects were made in the proximal metaphysis of the tibiae and autologous iliac crest grafts with simultaneous implant placement were performed. The animals were killed at 8 and 12 weeks after bone graft surgery. Undecalcified sections were prepared and examined histologically and histomorphometrically.

RESULTSOsteoporotic status caused by ovariectomy was verified by significantly decreased BMD in experimental group (P < 0.001). At 8 and 12 weeks after bone graft surgery, osseointegration was observed in both groups. However, thickness of cortical bone (TCB), bone volume in cancellous area (BVC), implant-bone contact rate (IBCR) at bone graft area all significantly decreased in experimental group when compared with control group (P < 0.01). Newly formed bone was also less in experimental group than that in control group.

CONCLUSIONAlthough experimental OP may not delay osseointegration of dental implants in autologous iliac crest graft, it certainly promotes resorption of bone grafts, decreases cancellous bone volume and implant-bone contact rate. Therefore it may be an important risk factor for patients receiving autologous bone graft with simultaneous implant placement.

Animals ; Bone Transplantation ; Dental Implants ; Female ; Ilium ; transplantation ; Osseointegration ; Osteoporosis ; pathology ; Ovariectomy ; Rabbits

Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Moxibustion ; Osteoporosis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the properties of screw-bone interface of expansive pedicle screw (EPS) in osteoporotic sheep by micro-CT and histological observation.

METHODSSix female sheep with bilateral ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis were employed in this experiment. After EPS insertion in each femoral condyle, the sheep were randomly divided into two groups: 3 sheep were bred for 3 months (Group A), while the other 3 were bred for 6 months (Group B). After the animals being killed, the femoral condyles with EPS were obtained, which were three-dimensionally-imaged and reconstructed by micro-CT. Histological evaluation was made thereafter.

RESULTSThe trabecular microstructure was denser at the screw-bone interface than in the distant parts in expansive section, especially within the spiral marking. In the non-expansive section, however, there was no significant difference between the interface and the distant parts. The regions of interest (ROI) adjacent to EPS were reconstructed and analyzed by micro-CT with the same thresholds. The three-dimensional (3-D) parameters, including tissue mineral density (TMD), bone volume fraction (BVF, BV/TV), bone surface/bone volume (BS/BV) ratio, trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), were significantly better in expansive sections than non-expansive sections (P less than 0.05). Histologically, newly-formed bony trabeculae crawled along the expansive fissures and into the center of EPS. The newly-formed bones, as well as the bones at the bone-screw interface, closely contacted with the EPS and constructed four compartments.

CONCLUSIONSThe findings of the current study, based on micro-CT and histological evaluation, suggest that EPS can significantly provide stabilization in osteoporotic cancellous bones.

Animals ; Bone Screws ; Bone and Bones ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Female ; Osteoporosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Sheep ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Primary osteoporosis (POP) is one of the most common diseases in the elderly people resulting in high risk of fracture and poor quality of life. In addition to the pathological changes in bone mass, most of the POP patients also suffer from Chinese medicine (CM) syndromes of Shen (Kidney) essence deficiency. Shen essences are highly related to bone. Shen essence deficiency plays an important part in the development of POP and a better diagnosis of POP could be made by combining CM syndromes with Western medicine risk factors. Treatments of POP should aim at both increasing the bone mass and relieving the syndromes of Shen essence deficiency. Clinical study confirmed that treating POP patients with Shen-tonifying herbs could increase the bone mass and relieve the CM syndromes of POP patients. Basic researches clarified the mechanism by which Shen-tonifying herbs increased bone mass in animal models. The mechanisms by which Shentonifying herbs relieve the CM syndromes are still in investigation.
Aging ; pathology ; Animals ; Bone and Bones ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from normal rats and osteoporotic rats by ovariectomy. Osteoporotic animal model was established in 3 month-old and 6 month-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by ovariectomy. Animal experiments were divided into 4 groups: 1) control-3 group; 2) ovx-3 group; 3) control-6 group and 4) ovx-6 group. MSCs were isolated by means of the density-gradient centrifugation method from each group, respectively. Colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-Fs ) number, CFU-Fs size distribution and cell density in CFU-Fs of primary passage MSCs were measured at the inverted phase contrast microscope. The cell cycle and proliferation index (PI) as well as apoptosis idex (AI) of MSCs were studied by (FCM). After osteogenic induction (OSI), calcium nodes of MSCs were marked by alizarin red staining (ARS); The expression level of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) was detected by dynamics method with substrate of phosphoric acid para-Nitro benzene and the content of osteocalcin (OCN) was detected with the isotope labelling method. After adipogenic induction (ADI), lipid droplet in MSCs were detected by oil red O staining and the mRNA level of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was measured by RT-PCR. The results showed that CFU-Fs and PI are obviously decresed and AI are increased of MSCs in OVX-3 and OVX-6 groups (P<0.05). The secretory volume of ALP and BGP of MSCs and the content of calcium nods of MSCs are lower in OVX-3 and OVX-6 groups than that in control-3 and control-6 groups after osteogenic induction (P<0.05). The number of lipid droplet and the expression level of LPL mRNA are higher in OVX-3 and OVX-6 groups than that in control-3 and control-6 (P<0.05). The result in our study suggested that depress of osteogenesis and the up-regulation of adipogenesis of MSCs in osteoporotic rats by ovariectomy may be relate close to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
Adipocytes ; pathology ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; pathology ; Osteoblasts ; pathology ; Osteoporosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stem Cells ; pathology

STUDY DESIGN: Single-center, retrospective case series. PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of posterior vertebrectomy and circumferential fusion in patients with advanced Kümmell disease with neurologic deficit. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Various surgical options exist for the treatment of Kümmell disease, and determination of the appropriate treatment is based on the clinical and radiologic status of the patient. However, surgical intervention is required for patients with advanced Kümmell disease accompanied by neurologic deficit. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 22 neurologically compromised patients with advanced Kümmell disease who were treated surgically at Ewha Womans Hospital between January 2011 and January 2014. The surgical approach used by us was a posterior vertebrectomy with mesh cage insertion and segmental cement-augmented pedicle screw fixation. The tissue from the corpectomy was histopathologically examined. Anterior vertebral height, kyphotic angle, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and the Frankel classification were used to evaluate the efficacy of the procedure. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 26 months (range, 13–40 months). VAS score, anterior vertebral height, kyphotic angle, and neurologic state were significantly improved immediately postoperatively and at the last follow-up compared with preoperatively (p<0.05). Most patients exhibited intravertebral clefts on imaging, and postoperative pathology revealed bone necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior vertebrectomy with mesh cage insertion and segmental cement-augmented pedicle screw fixation is an effective approach for treating patients with advanced Kümmell disease with neurologic deficit.
Classification ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Necrosis ; Neurologic Manifestations* ; Osteoporosis ; Pathology ; Pedicle Screws ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Analog Scale

This paper presents a non-invasive and non-ionizing radiation method for assessment of osteoporosis by analyzing in vivo MR images. Texture features (entropy, coarse, etc...) derived from co-occurrence matrix and neighborhood graystone difference matrix are obtained. These features are significantly different between patients and control subjects. Then the grayscale MR image is transformed to the binary image, The shape and topology features (area, skeleton length, euler number, etc. ) obtained from the binary image show too significant differences between patients and control subjects.
Bone Density ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Osteoporosis ; pathology

In this study, we compared the three-point bending test of the metaphyseal tibia versus the three-point bending test of the diaphysial tibia in rats. Twenty 6-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the ovariectomized (OVX) group and the sham-operated (Sham) group. All rats were housed in standard environmental conditions. Five months after operation, all rats were sacrificed by depletion method. All left tibia were removed for the three-point bending test. The changes of mechanical parameters were examined by the three-point bending test of the metaphyseal tibia and by that of the diaphysial tibia. Elastic, Maximum Load, Maximum Stress, Failure Load, and Failure Stress of the metaphyseal tibia were much lower in OVX rats than in Sham rats. However, there was no statistically significant difference in all of the mechanical parameters of the diaphysial tibia between the OVX group and the Sham group. The new three-point bending test of the metaphyseal tibia is much more sensitive and useful as compared with the test of the diaphysial tibia in evaluating the changes of mechanical properties of tibia in osteoporotic rats.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; physiology ; Female ; Osteoporosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Ovariectomy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tibia ; physiology