There are various causes for male osteoporosis. The low testosterone level is one of the important reasons. Androgen does not only play an important role in gaining the peak bone mass and maintaining the bone mass, but also has an intimate correlation with the bone loss with ageing. Androgen affects osteoblasts through androgen receptors. Various local cell factors play regulating roles. The partial testosterone replacement therapy in aging men could elevate the bone mass density, but the advantages and the disadvantages should be observed further. The function of the estrogen in male osteoporosis is being noted as well.
Age Factors ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Testosterone ; metabolism ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect of acupuncture combined with TDP for treatment of postmenopausal patients with deficiency of liver and kidney syndrome and to explore its mechanism.

METHODSOne hundred and twelve cases were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a medication group, 56 cases in each group. The acupuncture group was treated with acupuncture combined with TDP, Shenshu (BL 23), Mingmen (GV 4) and Guanyuan (CV 4) were selected as main points; the medication group was treated with oral administration of Nylestriol and Oryzanol. The therapeutic effects were evaluated after treatment of 3 months in the two groups, and the changes of estrogen,bone mineral density and endometrium of patients were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe total effective rate of 94.6% in acupuncture group was superior to 75.0% in medication group (P<0.01), the acupuncture group was better than the medication group in increasing bone mineral density and decreasing the endometrial thickness (P<0.05, P<0.01), the medication group was better than the acupuncture group in decreasing the levels of serum follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and increasing the estradiol (E2) level (all P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe clinical effect of acupuncture combined with TDP for treatment of postmenopausal patients with deficiency of liver and kidney syndrome is significant, and it can increase bone mineral density, decrease endometrial thickness and obviously regulate the estrogen level.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Bone and Bones ; metabolism ; Estrogens ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Liver ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; therapy

The present study was designed to determine if levels of serum cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) -1beta, IL-2, IL-2r, IL-6, IL-6r, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha are different in osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic postmenopausal women, and to evaluate the effects of calcitonin and alendronate therapies over a six month period on serum cytokine levels in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Serum levels of IL-2, TNF-alpha and IL-8 were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05), and serum IL-10, and IL-6r significantly lower in the calcitonin (N=60) and the alendronate (N=60) treatment groups than in the control group (N=50) (p < 0.05). But, no significant difference was apparent between the calcitonin and alendronate treated groups before treatment. Statistically significant changes occurred in patients, with respect to the levels of serum IL-6r, and IL-8 after one month (p < 0.05), in IL-2r, IL-6r, IL-8, IL-10 after three months, and in IL-1beta, IL-6r, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha after six months of calcitonin therapy (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in IL-6r after one month, in IL-8 and IL-10 after three months, and in TNF-alpha after six months in the calcitonin treated group and in the control group, whereas these parameters were significantly different at baseline. In the alendronate treated group, statistically significant changes occurred in the levels of serum IL-1alpha and IL-6 after three months, and in IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-6r and TNF-alpha after six months (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in IL-6r after one month, in IL-10 after three months or in TNF-alpha after six months between the alendronate treatment group and the control group, whereas these parameters were significantly different at baseline. In conclusion, we suggest that; 1) not only IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-11 but also IL-2, IL-8 and IL-10 may have roles in the etiopathogenesis of osteoporosis, 2) calcitonin therapy have a more distinct influence on serum levels of some cytokines and have an earlier effect than alendronate therapy (especially upon IL-2r, IL-8, and IL-10). Nevertheless, further longitudinal studies are needed to identify the cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis and to evaluate the influence of different treatments on these cytokines.
Aged ; Alendronate/*therapeutic use ; Calcitonin/*therapeutic use ; Cytokines/*metabolism ; Female ; Human ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/*drug therapy/*metabolism ; Time Factors

To investigate the preventive effect and possible mechanism of puerarin(Pur) in rat model of disuse osteoporosis(DOP),thirty healthy Wistar female rats of 2 months old were randomly divided into control group(Control), hindlimb suspension group(HLS), and puerarin group(HLS+Pur) in hindlimb suspension, with 10 rats in each group. A disuse osteoporosis model was established by tail suspension method, and 15.4 mg·kg~(-1) puerarin suspension was administered to HLS+Pur group every day, and the same volume of distilled water was administered to Control group and HLS group respectively. After 28 days, the rats were sacrificed by abdominal aorta blood collection, the main organs of the rats were removed, and the bone tissues of the rats were dissected. The organ index of the rats was calculated and the histopathology of the organs was observed under microscope. Bone mineral density test and bone biomechanical experiment were performed. Bone histomorphometry results were observed after bone tissue sectioning, and serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism were determined. There was no significant difference in organ index between the groups. There was no obvious abnormality in the pathological examination of the organs. The results of bone mineral density showed that puerarin could significantly increase the bone density of the tibia and vertebrae caused by hindlimb suspension. The mechanical parameters experiments showed that puerarin could effectively increase the maximum load and elastic modulus of the tibia and vertebrae. Fluorescence labeling showed that the fluorosis interval increased and the bone formation increased during puerarin treatment. The VG staining results showed that compared with the HLS group, in the puerarin group, the number of trabecular bone increased, the thickness of the trabecular bone became thicker, and the bone separation became smaller, which greatly improved the bone microstructure after hindlinb suspension. In addition, serum biochemical indicators showed that puerarin could promote bone formation index bone calcium. The content of osteocalcin(OC) increased and inhibited the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 b(TRACP 5 b). Puerarin has a preventive effect in the rat model of disuse osteoporosis and its effect is good, and its mechanism may be related to promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption.
Animals ; Bone Density ; Female ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Osteocalcin ; metabolism ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase ; metabolism

To propose the new concept of multidimensional omics, and define that the multidimensional omics is a proper method for studying the material base and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds. Zhuanggu Zhitong capsule was taken for example to study its effect against experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis. From the perspective of chemi-omics, genomics and proteomics of TCM, it systematically interpreted the efficacious materials and mechanisms of Zhuanggu Zhitong capsule in preventing and treating experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis, while taking the lead in designing a three dimensional form to intuitively exhibit the results of the multidimensional omics study. This study provides a new idea and solution for studies on the efficacious materials and mechanisms of TCM compounds.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Genomics ; Humans ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proteomics

Osteoporosis, the sixth most common disease in the world, is bringing increasingly serious harm to people's health. Cathepsin K, which plays an important role in bone resorption, is a potential target in the treatment of osteoporosis. Total flavonoids, the active ingredients in Rhizoma Drynariae, have shown obvious, therapeutic effect on osteoporosis. In previous studies, it was presumed that the mechanism for the therapeutic effect was through inhibiting the expression of Cathepsin K. However, there are still no detailed reports on some key issues such as the specific inhibitory results of total flavonoids on Cathepsin K and the pathway of inhibition and so on. Based on previous studies on total flavonoids from Rhizoma Drynariae, the pathway for the effect of, total flavonoids inhibiting Cathepsin K and their interventional value on Cathepsin K were analyzed in this paper, so as to explore the interventional feasibility and value of total flavonoids in Rhizoma Drynariae on Cathepsin K.
Cathepsin K ; metabolism ; Flavonoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Polypodiaceae ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) is a common medicine in department of orthopaedics and traumaology, more researches about it recently, including basic theory, pharmaco and clinical study.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis ; drug therapy ; Osteoblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; Polypodiaceae ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Osteoking on bone mineral density (BMD) and serum Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) protein levels in rabbits with osteoporotic fracture (OPF).

METHODSTotally 45 female Japanese big-ear rabbits were randomly divided into the treatment group, the model group, and the blank control group (as the control group), 15 in each group. Bilateral ovaries were ectomized for 24 weeks in the treatment group and the model group. Their left radial factures were induced after confirmed osteoporosis. Rabbits in the treatment group were administered with Osteoking by gastrogavage, once per two days. Equal volume of normal saline was given to rabbits in the model group. The general BMD and serum DKK-1 protein levels were detected before ovariectomy, at week 24 and 48 after ovariectomy.

RESULTSThere was significant difference in the general BMD at week 24 after ovariectomy between the model group and the control group, and it was lower in the model group. Compared with the model group, the general BMD significantly increased and serum DKK-1 protein levels significantly decreased in the treatment group after intervention. Serum DKK-1 protein levels were significantly lower after intervention than before intervention in the treatment group.

CONCLUSIONOsteoking could improve the BMD of OPF rabbits, and reduce their serum DKK-1 protein levels as well.

Animals ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Ovariectomy ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects of the recipes for nourishing Shen-yin (NSY) and for warming recuperating Shen-yang (WRSY) on the activity of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis rats.

METHODSFifty-five female rats were randomly divided into five groups: the control, the sham operation, the ovariectomy, the ovariectomy plus NSY and the ovariectomy plus WRSY group. The medication was starting from one week after operation and lasted continuously for 3 months. The proximal tibia of rats were analyzed with bone histomorphometry, the activity of IL-1 was detected with mouse thymocyte assay and the activity of IL-6 was detected with IL-6 dependence cell proliferation assay.

RESULTSThree months after ovariectomy, the percentage of trabeculae bone volume (TBV%) of tibia in rats was markedly reduced, but the percentage of trabeculae absorption surface (TRS%) and trabeculae formation surface (TFS%) significantly increased, and the activity of IL-1 and IL-6 increased obviously. These abnormal changes could be reversed to different degree by NSY or WRSY, but the effect of the latter was superior to that of the former.

CONCLUSIONThe inhibitory effect of WRSY on IL-1 and IL-6 activity was significantly better than that of NSY, which is one of the mechanisms of its superiority in preventing osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy in rats.

Animals ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Interleukin-1 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Osteoporosis ; etiology ; metabolism ; Ovariectomy ; Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

One of the major social issues nowadays is the aging society. Korea is already an aging society, and 63 cities and districts are ultra-aged societies where the rate of people older than 65 yr exceeds 20%. Among them, more than 67% are women. These statistics reveal the importance of healthcare for older women. Disease and disability of older women are very closely related to the loss of female sex hormones after menopause. Major hormone-dependent aging problems in women such as osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), urinary incontinence, and coronary atherosclerosis were surveyed in this review, and the key role of hormones in those diseases and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were summarized. We expect that this review would provide some understanding of factors that must be considered to give optimal care to older women for healthy lives.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/*physiology ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*metabolism/physiology/therapeutic use ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy/metabolism/*physiopathology