Direct lateral lumbar interbody fusion (DLIF) has been introduced as an effective new thoracolumbar fusion technique for patients with degenerative lumbar diseases. DLIF associated with easy-to-learn, high fusion rate, improved restoration of spinal alignment, and early patient mobilization due to minimally invasive nature. However, ipsilateral L2–L5 nerve root irritation and injury are well-known complications. However, damage to the contralateral nerve root has been rarely reported and, to the best of our knowledge, there have not been any reports about contralateral nerve root injury after DLIF in Korea. Thus, we report a case of contralateral nerve root compression due to osteophyte from the lower endplate of the vertebral body and position of intervertebral cage after DLIF.
Humans ; Korea ; Osteophyte ; Radiculopathy*

No abstract available.
Deglutition Disorders ; Humans ; Manometry ; Osteophyte

Although flexor tendon triggering due to stenosing flexor tenosynovitis is common clinically, extensor triggering is quite rare. Known common causes are impingement between extensor tendon and extensor retinaculum, stenosis of the tendon sheath, and impingement between extensor tendon and osteophyte. We report rare case of triggering in the little finger caused by impingement between extensor digiti minimi and synovial septum.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Fingers ; Osteophyte ; Tendons ; Tenosynovitis

OBJECTIVE: Various procedures have been introduced for anterior interbody fusion in degenerative cervical disc disease including plate systems with autologous iliac bone, carbon cages, and cylindrical cages. However, except for plate systems, the long-term results of other methods have not been established. In the present study, we evaluated radiologic findings for cylindrical cervical cages over long-term follow up periods. METHODS: During 4 year period, radiologic findings of 138 patients who underwent anterior cervical fusion with cylindrical cage were evaluated at 6, 12, 24, and 36 postoperative months using plain radiographs. We investigated subsidence, osteophyte formation (anterior and posterior margin), cage direction change, kyphotic angle, and bone fusion on each radiograph. RESULTS: Among the 138 patients, a minimum of 36 month follow-up was achieved in 99 patients (mean follow-up : 38.61 months) with 115 levels. Mean disc height was 7.32 mm for preoperative evaluations, 9.00 for immediate postoperative evaluations, and 4.87 more than 36 months after surgery. Osteophytes were observed in 107 levels (93%) of the anterior portion and 48 levels (41%) of the posterior margin. The mean kyphotic angle was 9.87degrees in 35 levels showing cage directional change. There were several significant findings : 1) related subsidence [T-score (p=0.039) and anterior osteophyte (p=0.009)], 2) accompanying posterior osteophyte and outcome (p=0.05). CONCLUSION: Cage subsidence and osteophyte formation were radiologically observed in most cases. Low T-scores may have led to subsidence and kyphosis during bone fusion although severe neurologic aggravation was not found, and therefore cylindrical cages should be used in selected cases.
Carbon ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Osteophyte

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare radiographic techniques for the diagnostic accuracy in the detection of osteophytes of the mandibular condyle. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A series of bone chips were placed at four locations on the condylar head of a dried human skull. Eight radiographic techniques such as panoramic, transcranial, infracranial, transorbital, reverse-Towne's, submentovertex, multidirectional tomographic and computed tomographic techniques were compared. Three oral radiologists were asked to rate the lesions by four stage score. The statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA test. RESULTS: For the detection of lateral osteophyte, transcranial, infracranial, transorbital and reverse-Towne's views showed superiority. Also, transcranial and infracranial views showed superiority for medial osteophyte. While for the detection of superior and anterior osteophyte, panoramic, transcranial, infracranial, transorbital views showed superiority. Lateral tomograph showed superiority for the detection of superior and anterior osteophyte, but it showed inferiority for lateral and medial osteophte. And antero-posterior tomograph showed superiority for the detection of all osteophytes. Axial computed tomograph showed superiority for the detection of all osteophytes, and coronal computed tomograph showed superiority for lateral, medial and superior osteophytes. While reconstructed sagittal computed tomograph showed relatively superiority for the detection of anterior and superior osteophytes. CONCLUSION: The conventional radiographs can be used for the detection of bony changes of the mandibular condyle, and tomograph or computed tomograph can be used additionally when it is difficult to detect bony changes on conventional radiographs.
Head ; Humans ; Mandibular Condyle* ; Osteophyte ; Skull

Spinal stenosis most commonly occurs on lumbar vertebrae because of degenerative changes. This research studied the characteristics of osteophyte development in lumbar vertebrae foramina and association of osteophyte development with lumbar spinal stenosis. The total number of all levels of lumbar spines of subjects was 179 from 31 to 90 years of age. The vertebral foramen was divided into six zones. The prevalence and measurements of the length of osteophytes in the vertebral foramina were obtained. The prevalence and length of osteophytes in the posterior body zone were higher than the laminal zone, and higher than the pedicular zone, respectively. In each zone, the highest prevalence of osteophytes was at L5, except for the inferior posterior body zone that the highest prevalence is at L4. The length of osteophyte was also in same direction as the prevalence. The prevalence of osteophytes among six zones of each level were compared, and found, in L1 to L4, the inferior posterior body zone generally had the highest prevalence, except in L5, the superior posterior body zone had the highest prevalence. Moreover, prevalence, as well as length, of osteophytes in lumbar vertebral foramina, of all levels, was positively associated with age. Vertebral osteophytes can develop beginning at 31 years of age. In conclusion, posterior body of L4 and L5 had the highest prevalence of osteophyte formation, thus, these area had the highest probability to cause spinal stenosis.
Lumbar Vertebrae ; Osteophyte ; Prevalence ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine

Small osteophytes are frequently encountered in the foot and ankle, and not to be confused with true osteochondromas, which are relatively uncommon in this region. Osteochondromas are the most common benign osseous neoplasm, occurs in the metaphysis of the long bone. It is rarely found in bones of the foot. Treatment of the osteochondroma is usually conservative, unless symptoms usually pain, are progressive rapid growth, and malignant transformation is suspected. We experienced a rare case of hallux rigidus with osteochondroma of the hallucal proximal phalanx which cause pain and corn of the plantar.
Animals ; Ankle ; Foot ; Hallux ; Hallux Rigidus ; Osteochondroma ; Osteophyte ; Zea mays

BACKGROUND: A pincer nail is characterized by the presence of an excessively curved and distorted nail across the transverse dimension. A multitude of therapeutic modalities have been implemented to treat this condition with limited efficacy. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the efficacy of surgery for pincer nail deformity with the use of the nail bed flap and bilateral partial matrixectomy, with or without osteophyte removal. METHODS: Nine patients (four patients: both great toe nails, five patients: single toe nail) with pincer nail deformities were treated with nail bed flap and bilateral partial matrixectomy, with or without osteophyte removal. Objective assessment was evaluated by use of the width index (width of the nail tip/width of the nail root) and height index (height of the nail tip/width of the nail tip). Subjective assessment was evaluated through patient global assessment (PGA) and use of the pain visual analogue scale as declared by patients. In addition, wound complications and recurrences were described. RESULTS: The width index and height index were improved (width index: 85.5%-->97%, height index: 54.3%-->3.4%). All of the patients claimed 'good' or higher in the PGA score. Relief of pain was shown in 100% of the cases. There was no recurrence during a 6- to 20-month period (mean time: 11.8 months) and no complications. CONCLUSION: Nail bed flap and bilateral partial matrixectomy with or without osteophyte removal as a surgical approach might be an effective and curative method of treatment for pincer nail deformity.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Osteophyte* ; Recurrence ; Toes ; Wounds and Injuries

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detectability of various radiographic techniques for mandibular condylar lesions. Erosive lesion, osteophyte and flattening were formed on the artificial mandibular condyle, and panoramic, transcranial, transorbital radiography, lateral and frontal tomography were taken. The results were as follows; 1. The detectability for erosive lesions was superior in the order of frontal tomography(96%), lateral tomo graphy(78%), transorbital(59%), transcranial(56%) and panoramic(48%) radiography. 2. The location of erosive lesion that showed the highest detectability was the medial third in panoramic, the lateral third in transcranial, the central portion of anteroposterior direction in transorbital, the central portion of mediolateral direction and the posterior third in lateral tomography. Frontal tomography disclosed all erosive lesions except one anterolateral lesion. 3. The detectability of osteophyte was 100% in lateral tomography, 78% in transcranial and 56% in panoramic radiography. 4. For flattening, lateral tomography showed the flattened condyle, but both panoramic and transcranial views showed only decreased bone density without the change of condylar shape.
Bone Density ; Mandibular Condyle ; Osteophyte ; Radiography ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Temporomandibular Joint*

STUDY DESIGN: We studied the changes of the adjacent-level after performing anterior cervical interbody fusion. OBJECTIVES: We retrospectively analyzed the radiologic changes such as the degenerative changes and osteophyte formation in the adjacent-level and the affecting factors that affect the changes of the adjacent level after anterior cervical interbody fusion. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: We studied the patients who were more than sixty years old and who had more degeneration at the time of operation and who developed symptomatic new disease within the first four years after their procedure. When the interbody spacer was shortened by 10% to simulate subsidence, the plate lost nearly 70% of its load-sharing capabilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the patients were treated with a plate and an autoiliac bone graft. We reviewed the correlation between the changes in the adjacent level and the factors that included gender, age, the fused segments, the plate-to-disc distance, the preoperative degenerative changes in the adjacent level, subsidence of the graft bone, the height of the graft bone, fracture and dislocation, and loosening of the implant. RESULTS: Radiologic changes in the adjacent-level were seen in 35 cases and these cases included 27 cases in the upper level and 17 cases in lower level. Adjacent level changes were seen in 27 of the 37 (73%) patient who were above 50 years old. Adjacent level changes were seen in 19 (90.5%) of the 21 cases that had preoperative cephalad level degeneration, and adjacent level changes were seen in 9 (81.8%) of the 11 cases that had preoperative caudal degeneration. Adjacent level degeneration developed or increased in the cases of subsidence of a graft over 2 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The patients who undergo anterior cervical interbody fusion need to be continuously followed up because radiologic changes can increase in the case with degenerative change in the adjacent segment and subsidence of the bone graft of more than 2 mm.
Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Osteophyte ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants