Background/Purpose: The purpose of this study is to clarify the effectiveness of interventions for breast cancer patients with psychological distress by a clinical psychologist on the basis of the contents of the interventions and counseling. Methods: The participants were 20 inpatient and outpatient women aged from 33 to 73 years who had been diagnosed with breast cancer. The interventions were conducted on the basis of patients' complaints about anxiety and/or depression or by a medical doctor's request. The interventions employed unstructured, one-on-one interviews. Each interview usually lasted no more than 60 minutes. Results: The 20 cases were classified into the following categories: (1) 15 general (nonpsychiatric) cases, consisting of (1-1) 9 cases at the cancer-notification and progressive-therapeutic stages and (1-2) 6 cases at the progressive-relapse stage; and (2) 5 specific (psychiatric) cases, consisting of (2-1) 3 cases at the cancer-notification and progressive-therapeutic stages and (2-2) 2 cases at the progressive-relapsestage. As for the general cases, interventions were found to be effective in all 9 cases at the cancer-notification and progressive-therapeutic stages but in only 2 of 6 cases at the progressive-relapse stage. In specific cases, effective interventions were found at the cancer-notification, the progressive-therapeutic, and the progressive-relapsestages. Conclusion: This study suggested that interventions for breast cancer patients by a clinical psychologist are effective. The psychological interventions had two roles: to assess the patients properly and to interview the patients as purposefully as a medical team member would.

Purpose : To examine the characteristics of second-year residents intending to become primary care physicians.
Methods : Using a self-administered questionnaire, we surveyed 7344 second-year residents in March, 2006. Of the 4167 responders (response rate 56.7%), the 3838 who answered that they intended to make a career choice of being clinical practitioners were taken as subjects for analysis. The odds ratios (OR) for the intention of being a primary care physician was calculated, together with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI), using logistic regression models (primary care physicians intended=1 vs. specialist intended=0)
Results : In total, 56% of the residents affirmed an interest in becoming primary care physicians. Multiple stepwise logistic models showed that residents intending to become primary care physicians planned to open their own clinics in the future (OR 1.44, 95% CI : 1.20-1.73), did not wish to obtain doctor of medical science (DMSc) degrees (OR 1.29, 95% CI : 1.07-1.55), and were more likely to choose internal medicine (OR 1.44, 95% CI : 1.07-1.94).
Conclusion : This study demonstrated that second-year residents who aimed to be primary care physicians were associated with more interest in opening private clinics for their future practice, preferably in the field of internal medicine, and with less interest in earning DMSc degrees.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Status Epilepticus* ; Tachycardia*

BACKGROUND : This survey examined how a physician's specialty may influence attitudes towards blood glucose control in diabetic patients.
METHODS : A questionnaire was mailed to all members of the Ishikawa Medical Association (n=1,610) as well as diabetic specialists (n=36) querying their specialties, confidence in offering diabetic treatment, and treatment goals/change levels of plasma glucose levels for 5 theoretical cases.
RESULTS : 301 physicians responded. The percentage answering treatment goal/change levels was 93% of internal medicine physicians (n=145), 72% of surgeons (n=29), 52% of pediatricians (n=23) and 20% in other specialties (n=99). The percentage answering “I am confident in offering diabetic treatment” was 57% of internal medicine physicians, 14% of surgeons, 13% of pediatricians and 3% in other specialties. There were significant differences among specialties in the fasting plasma glucose levels in the treatment goal, and the postprandial plasma glucose change levels. Internal medicine specialists tended to give higher glucose levels than other specialties.
CONCLUSIONS : The majority of physicians interested in diabetes care appear to be internal medicine specialists. Physician's specialty may influence their attitude toward glucose control in diabetic patients.

Restrictions on the use of antimicrobial agents are reported to lead to a reduction in the use of carbepanem (CP) antiobiotics and in the detection of resistant bacteria. Our hospital began monitoring the use of specific antimicrobial agents in June 2014. In the present study, we examined changes in the use of injectable broad-spectum antibiotics and in the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa before and after introducing our antimicrobial use monitoring system (pre-and post-monitoring). We obtained a total of 301 specimens taken before the introduction of the system (January 2012-May 2014,143 specimens) and after after the introduction (June 2014-December 2016, 158 specimens). We then examined antimicrobial use density (AUD) and P. aeruginosa sensitivity per 100 patient-days.Comparisons of pre-monitoring results (2012) and post-monitoring results (2016) show that AUD decreased for imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS;0.26 to 0.1), meropenem (0.46 to 0.19), CAZ(0.52 to 0.16), and CZOP (0.17 to 0.09) and increased for tazobactam/piperacillin (0.67 to 1.16). Susceptibility of P. aeruginosa tended toward recovery (IPM/CS:0.8 to 0.87, piperacillin: 0.89 to 0.92, ceftazidime: 0.87 to 0.93,and cefozopran: 0.8 to 0.94). Our antimicrobial use monitoring system reduced the use of CP antibiotics and helped to restore the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa.

Background: The management of medical student examinations has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitating measures to prevent overcrowding at the entry/exit flow line of the examination room. Specifically, one method to mitigate congestion at the examination room exit is to allow students to leave early after completing their exams.Methods: This study utilized the regular final examination in emergency medicine for fourth-year medical students at Hirosaki University. Students were permitted to leave the room early, up until 20 minutes before the 60-minute examination period concluded. We included 130 participants in the study and conducted a multiple logistic regression analysis with the test score (higher (1) or lower (0) than the average score) as the dependent variable and the presence or absence of early withdrawal, gender, bachelor transfer status, and regional quota student status as independent variables.Results: Of the 130 fourth-year medical students included in the study, 14 (10.8%) left the exam room early. The multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that bachelor transfer students (odds ratio (OR) = 4.20, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.24-14.18) and female students (OR = 2.56, 95%CI 1.24-5.25) tended to achieve statistically significantly higher scores. However, early leavers (OR = 1.78, 95%CI 0.53-5.95) and regional quota students (OR = 1.72, 95%CI 0.78-3.78) did not exhibit a significant association with the highest scores.Discussion: We found that there is no significant association between early exit of medical students and exam scores in our emergency medicine examinations. Therefore, implementing early dismissal can be justified as a measure to ensure a smooth flow of students when leaving the room.