Malocclusion is one of the three most common oral diseases reported by World Health Organization(WHO). In China, its incidence rate is rising. Malocclusion seriously affects the dental and maxillofacial function, facial appearance and growth development of nearly 260 million children in China, and what is more, it affects their physical and mental health development. Malocclusion occurrence is related to genetic and environmental factors. Early treatment of malocclusion can create a good dental and maxillofacial development environment, correct abnormal growth and control the adverse effects of abnormal genetic factors. It can effectively reduce the prevalence of children's malocclusion and enhance their physical and mental health. This is an urgent need from the economic perspective of our society, so it has great practical and social significance. Experts from the project group "standard diagnose and treatment protocols for early orthodontic intervention of malocclusions of children" which initiated by China National Health Institute of Hospital Administration wrote the "China Experts' Consensus on Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatments of Malocclusions of Children", which aims to guide and popularize the clinical practice, improve the clinical theory and practice level, and accelerate the disciplinary development of early treatment of children's malocclusion in China. The consensus elaborates the harmfulness of malocclusion and the necessity of early treatment, and brings up the principles and fundamental contents. Based on the law of dental and maxillofacial development, this paper puts forward the guiding suggestions of preventive and interceptive treatments in different stages of dental development ranging from fetus to early permanent dentition. It is a systematic project to promote and standardize the early treatment of malocclusion. Through scientific and comprehensive stratified clinical practice and professional training, the clinical system of early treatment of malocclusion in China will eventually be perfected, so as to comprehensively care for children's dental and maxillofacial health, and improve their oral and physical health in China.
Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Consensus ; Dental Care ; Humans ; Malocclusion/prevention & control* ; Orthodontics, Interceptive

Child ; Extraoral Traction Appliances ; Humans ; Molar ; Orthodontic Wires ; Orthodontics, Interceptive ; instrumentation ; Prognosis ; Time Factors ; Tooth Crown ; surgery ; Tooth Eruption, Ectopic ; surgery ; therapy ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods

Occlusal-maxillo-facial structural change of crossbite malocclusion after orthodontic therapy by modified ACTIVATOR appliance was investigated. Eighty crossbite cases of deciduous dentition and mixed dentition were treated by modified ACTIVATOR. Through pre- and post-treatment analysis of stone model, Schuller's position X-ray and craniofaciometrics, the change in craniofacial length, width and height in early-phase crossbite malocclusion was studied. The results showed that there was no significant change in the width of maxillary and mandibular dental arch. Maxillary length and protrusion was increased significantly, upper incisors slopped labially. The lower incisors slopped lingually, mental angle decreased more severely. The lower and posterior facial height was increased to normal level.
Cephalometry ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dental Arch ; anatomy & histology ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Dentition, Mixed ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; therapy ; Maxilla ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; instrumentation ; Orthodontics, Interceptive ; instrumentation ; Tooth, Deciduous

Fingersucking ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; etiology ; therapy ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; therapy ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III ; therapy ; Orthodontic Brackets ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; methods ; Orthodontics, Interceptive ; methods ; Palatal Expansion Technique ; Time Factors ; Tongue Habits ; adverse effects ; Tooth Extraction ; Tooth, Impacted ; surgery

Occlusal-maxillo-facial structural change of crossbite malocclusion after orthodontic therapy by modified ACTIVATOR appliance was investigated. Eighty crossbite cases of deciduous dentition and mixed dentition were treated by modified ACTIVATOR. Through pre- and post-treatment analysis of stone model, Schuller's position X-ray and craniofaciometrics, the change in craniofacial length, width and height in early-phase crossbite malocclusion was studied. The results showed that there was no significant change in the width of maxillary and mandibular dental arch. Maxillary length and protrusion was increased significantly, upper incisors slopped labially. The lower incisors slopped lingually, mental angle decreased more severely. The lower and posterior facial height was increased to normal level.
Cephalometry ; Dental Arch/anatomy & histology ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Dentition, Mixed ; Malocclusion/*therapy ; Maxilla/*anatomy & histology ; Maxilla/growth & development ; *Orthodontic Appliances, Removable ; Orthodontics, Corrective/*instrumentation ; Orthodontics, Interceptive/instrumentation ; Tooth, Deciduous

Maintaining the blood supply of the interdental alveolar bone is crucial for preserving the interdental papilla. Rebuilding the interimplant papilla between adjacent implants is more difficult than rebuilding the interdental papilla between the natural tooth and implant. Therefore, preserving the interimplant tissue is necessary when adjacent implants are closely placed. In this case report, three effective methods for maintaining the surrounding tissue, namely strategic serial extraction, immediate implantation, and provisionalization of adjacent maxillary central incisors, were performed. The marginal gingiva and interimplant papilla were well maintained for 24 months.
Gingiva* ; Incisor ; Serial Extraction* ; Tooth

Serial extraction procedure, when cautiouly practiced in severe discrepancy case, can be a good clinical approach, but the treatment planning must always be based on accurate analysis of all conditions, especially patient's individual growth pattern and his family development. It is most difficult to determine the timing and selection of most effective sequence of deciduout extraction. It is the best candidate that patient is with class I malocclusion with harmony of the skeletal and muscular system and severe discrepancy of the tooth system. The authors have observed a female, who has complained of the malalignment of mandibular permanent incisor teeth. Serial extraction has been performed to relieve it through adequate various informations and resulted in a fairly good prognosis.
Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion ; Prognosis ; Serial Extraction* ; Tooth

AIMTo determine cephalometrically the mechanism of the treatment effects of non-extraction and multiloop edgewise archwire (MEAW) technique on postpeak Class II Division 1 patients.

METHODOLOGYIn this retrospective study, 16 postpeak Class II Division 1 patients successfully corrected using a non-extraction and MEAW technique were cephalometrically evaluated and compared with 16 matched control subjects treated using an extraction technique. Using CorelDRAW software, standardized digital cephalograms pre- and post-active treatments were traced and a reference grid was set up. The superimpositions were based on the cranial base, the mandibular and the maxilla regions,and skeletal and dental changes were measured. Changes following treatment were evaluated using the paired-sample t-test. Student's t-test for unpaired samples was used to assess the differences in changes between the MEAW and the extraction control groups.

RESULTSThe correction of the molar relationships comprised 54% skeletal change (mainly the advancement of the mandible) and 46% dental change. Correction of the anterior teeth relationships comprised 30% skeletal change and 70% dental change.

CONCLUSIONThe MEAW technique can produce the desired vertical and sagittal movement of the tooth segment and then effectively stimulate mandibular advancement by utilizing the residual growth potential of the condyle.

Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Cephalometry ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Incisor ; pathology ; Male ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; pathology ; therapy ; Mandible ; growth & development ; pathology ; Mandibular Condyle ; growth & development ; pathology ; Maxilla ; pathology ; Molar ; pathology ; Orthodontic Appliance Design ; Orthodontic Retainers ; Orthodontic Wires ; Retrognathia ; pathology ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Serial Extraction ; Skull Base ; pathology ; Software ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult