OBJECTIVETo determine the positional changes of condyle and mandible in children treated successfully with Fränkel function regulator.

METHODS30 Angle's class II patients including 15 boys and 15 girls treated with Fränkel function regulator were selected. Superimposition of the pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of all the patients was done on the stable bone structure of the anterior cranial base and mandible. Cartesian coordinate system was used to measure the positional changes of condyle and mandible over time by computer.

RESULTSThere was significant inferior displacement of condyle, gonion and pogonion after treatment with reference to stable bone structure of anterior cranial base. Anterior displacement of pogonion in boys was also significant. There was significantly superior and posterior displacement of condyle and posterior displacement of gonion after treatment with reference to stable bone structure of mandible.

CONCLUSIONFränkel function regulator can stimulate condylar growth and do favor to mandibular remolding.

Activator Appliances ; Cephalometry ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; therapy ; Orthodontic Appliances, Functional

OBJECTIVETo compare patient satisfaction with two type of Twin-block by clinic complain questionnaire, treatment effect satisfaction questionnaire and total satisfaction questionnaire, and to analyse their related factors with patient satisfaction.

METHODS56 patients were randomly classified into fixed-Twin-block (TB1) and unfixed-Twin-block (TB2). The complaint and satisfaction of patients was evaluated by clinic complain questionnaire, treatment effect satisfaction questionnaire and total satisfaction questionnaire after 10 days and 6 months of treatment.

RESULTS(1) There was significant difference between the complaint of two groups in the sixth month, but there was no difference in the tenth day. (2) There was significant difference between the total satisfactory degree of two groups. (3) There was significant difference between the tooth-jaw effective index and the mandible effective index of the two groups.

CONCLUSIONThe satisfactory degree of fixed-Twin-block is superior to that of unfixed-Twin-block. The adorn fashion, treatment stage and functional position has influence on patient satisfaction.

Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Orthodontic Appliances, Functional ; Patient Satisfaction ; Tooth

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of the efficacy of mandibular advance clear alig-ners with traditional functional appliances as the control group. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Biomedical Abstracts Database, China Knowledge Network Database, Wanfang Database, and Weipu Database were used in this study. The two groups of researchers screened the literature and extracted data based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria established by PICOS entries, and used the ROBINS-I scale for quality evaluation. Revman 5.4 and Stata 17.0 software were used for meta-analysis. RESULTS: Nine clinical controlled trials were included in this study with a total sample size of 283 cases. No significant difference was found in SNA, SNB, ANB, Go-Pog, U1-SN, Overjet, and other aspects between the invisible group and the traditional group in the treatment of skeletal class Ⅱ ma-locclusion patients; there was a 0.90° difference in mandibular plane angle between the two groups; the growth of the mandibular ramus (Co-Go) in the traditional group was 1.10 mm more than that in the invisible group; the lip inclination of the lower teeth in the invisible group was better controlled, 1.94° less than that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The invisible group can better control the lip inclination of the mandibular anterior teeth when guiding the mandible. Furthermore, the mandibular plane angle (MP-SN) can remain unchanged, but the growth of the mandibular ramus is not as good as the traditional group, and auxiliary measures should be taken to improve it in clinical practice.
Humans ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II/therapy* ; Mandibular Advancement ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; Orthodontic Appliances, Functional ; Mandible ; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable ; Cephalometry

OBJECTIVETo examine the hypothesis that functional appliances enhance mandibular growth in the treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion.

METHODSA literature search was performed in electronic databases according key words "skeletal Class II malocclusion" , and full texts of selected articles were collected by hand-made method. The data were extracted from the articles. The quality of the trials was evaluated and meta-analysis method was used to analyze the data through RevMan 4.2.

RESULTS19 articles could be qualified for the final analysis. Those indices including SNB (Activator, Twin-block, Herbst group), Go-Gn, Co-Pg, Co-Gn, Co-Go, demonstrated significant effect of functional appliances on mandibular growth in comparing with those of untreated control group. There were no significant differences between the two groups for the indicies of SNB (Fränkel-II) and Go-Me.

CONCLUSIONFunctional appliances can enhance mandibular growth in treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion. This mainly dues to the growth of the ramus instead of changes of mandibular body length.

Cephalometry ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; Mandible ; Orthodontic Appliances, Functional

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of angle Class II division 2 malocclusion treated with Herbst appliance in young adults.

METHODSCast splint Herbst appliance and multi-bracket appliance were used to treat 12 patients with Class II division 2 malocclusion aged from 16 to 25 years old. The lateral cephalograms were measured with Winceph 8.0 software and statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS 13.0 software.

RESULTSThe changes in SNA, Co-Go, Go-Po after treatment had no statistical significance (P>0.05). The SNB increased and ANB decreased after treatment. Upper and lower incisors labially inclined and inter-incisor angle increased. Upper posterior teeth had distal movement, lower posterior teeth had mesial movement and extrusion. Mandibular plane angle and occlusal plane angle had clockwise rotation. The overbite decreased significantly, and the molar relationship changed from Class II to Class I in all patients.

CONCLUSIONHerbst appliance combined with multi-bracket appliance can be used effectively for correcting Class II division 2 malocclusion in young adults.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cephalometry ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; Mandible ; Orthodontic Appliances, Functional ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate whether there was any difference on the clinical effects of Twin-block, Activator and Herbst appliances on the clinical effects of growing children with skeletal Class II malocclusion.

METHODS60 patients with skeletal Angle Class II malocclusion were divided into three groups (Twin-block group, Activator group, Herbst group), 20 in each group. The patients of three groups were respectively treated by Twin-block, Activator and Herbst appliances. The patients were 10-13 years old(mean 11.6) before treatment, and were mainly with mandibular retrognathia. Data of pre- and post-treatment were measured and analyzed.

RESULTSThere was statistically significance of ANB, SNB, Go-Gn, Co-Gn, L1-MP in sagittal changes, and N-Me, ANS-Me, S-Go, SN-MP, Co-Go in vertical changes after treatment of three groups. Herbst group was more effective than Twin-block group and Activator group in the increase of L1-MP, but the effects on maxilla were not significant among them. There was no statistical significance of Ptm-A, OB, N-Me, ANS-Me, S-Go and Co-Go between 3 groups.

CONCLUSIONTreatment effects of three different functional appliances (Twin-block, Activator and Herbst) are similar in the early treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion. Compared with Twin-block and Activator, Herbst has more effects on orthopedic of mandibular and lower anterior teeth.

Adolescent ; Cephalometry ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Orthodontic Appliances, Functional

OBJECTIVEThis study assessed the effects of two-phase treatment with Herbst appliance on the bony structure of the temporomandibular joint via cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis.

METHODSThis study selected 15 patients exhibiting early permanent dentition and classⅡmalocclusion combined with mandibular retrusion treated by a two phase treatment (Herbst and fixed appliance). The CBCT scans of the patients were obtained at the following stages: 2 weeks before Herbst treatment (T1), at the start of treatment when the Herbst appliance was set in place (T2), immediately after removal of the Herbst appliance (T3), and immediately after removal of the edgewise appliance (T4). Three-dimensional reconstruction and related measurements were performed using InvivoDental software, and the acquired data were statistically analyzed.

RESULTS1) CBCT showed a crescent-shaped hyperplasia at the posterior-superior border of the condyles that the outer edge was highly dense and the inner region was lowly dense in T3 in 14 patients (28 condyles). 2) In T3-T2 and T4-T1, the diameters of the anteroposterior condyles increased by 0.62 and 0.66 mm, respectively (P<0.01), and the condylar head height correspondingly increased by 0.54 and 0.53 mm (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSCondylar growth remodeling occurs during Herbst treatment.
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Bone and Bones ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Orthodontic Appliances, Functional ; Retrognathia ; Temporomandibular Joint

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of modified Forsus appliance in the treatment of Class II mandibular retrusion.

METHODS18 children with mandibular retrusion were selected and treated with modified Forsus appliance. Cephalometric radiographs were taken and analyzed at pre-treatment and post-treatment. Students' t-test was used to determine if there were significant differences between pre-treatment and post-treatment.

RESULTSAfter 6-8 months of therapy, profiles were obviously improved. B moved forward (2.9+/-3.1) mm. ANB decreased (2.5+/-1.2) degrees. The overjet decreased (5.0+2.8) mm. The molar relationship was corrected to Class I from Class II. SN-OL increased (4.3+2.2) degrees. There was significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment.

CONCLUSIONCombined with straight wire appliance, modified Forsus appliance can effectively stimulate the mandibular growth, balance the jaw relationship, and correct mandibular retrusion.

Cephalometry ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; Mandible ; Orthodontic Appliances, Functional ; Retrognathia

Various methods have been used on patients with skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion. The activator, Frankel appliance, headgear, Herbst appliance, and Twin-block appliance are some examples. The ideal treatment effect using these appliances would be to inhibit horizontal and vertical growth of the maxilla while promoting mandibular growth and obtaining optimum dentition. The Teuscher appliance has a simultaneous combined headgear effect with maxillary growth inhibition and an activator effect with mandibular growth promotion. The purpose of this study was to examine how well these effects were clinically obtained and the results are as follows. 1. The forward growth of the maxilla was effectively inhibited. 2. The downward-forward growth of the maxillary dentoalveolar complex was inhibited. 3. Growth promotion of the mandible was not observed. 4. The overjet, overbite, molar key were effectively improved. 5. The protruded upper lip and facial profile were improved.
Dentition ; Humans ; Lip ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Orthodontic Appliances, Functional ; Overbite

In recent years, the early orthodontic treatment of malocclusion has become a hot issue in the field of orthodontics. Some new phenomena and new problems that have emerged require in-depth analysis and discussion, and need to be given correct guidance and norms. Malocclusion refers to the deformities of teeth, jaws, and craniofacial bones caused by genetic and environmental factors during growth and development. Based on the accurate judgment of the etiology and diagnosis, choosing the right time and suitable indications, with the advantage of growth and development, the most suitable appliance can be selected in the early stage of malocclusion to fix malocclusion, and to effectively prevent and block the formation and development of malocclusion. This article will discuss how to timely and appropriately carry out the early prevention and treatment of malocclusion with six aspects, including methods of performing early orthodontic treatment, the basis and guarantee of early orthodontic treatment, correctly understanding early orthodontic treatment, the issues that should be paid attention to in carrying out early orthodontic treatment, actively advocating multidisciplinary cooperation during early orthodontic treatment and understanding face management in a serious way.
Dental Care ; Humans ; Malocclusion/therapy* ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II/therapy* ; Orthodontic Appliances, Functional ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods*