The genus Orobanche, Cistanche and Boschniakia are taxonomically classified as members of Orobanchaceae. The medicinal plants of these three genera are closely related, and their traditional curative effects are similar. As representative compounds, phenethyl glycosides are predominantly dominant type both in amount and in chemical structural varieties, which are considered to be the important bioactive material basis of these genera. In this paper, phenethyl glycosides and their pharmacological activities are described in a single list. In addition, the other compounds were also reviewed in order to better compare the difference of the bioactive substances. These findings have important reference value for effective development and rational utilization of resources of medicinal plants in the family Orobanchaceae.
Cistanche ; Glycosides ; Orobanchaceae ; Orobanche ; Plants, Medicinal

In this paper the species of ethnic medicinal plants Orobanche, Cistanche and Boschniakia, and their ethnopharmaceutical uses were comprehensively summarized by field investigation, systematical data analysis and comparison of relevant specimen and references. The results showed that six plants belonging to Orobanche were used as seven kinds of ethnic medicinal plants, two plants attributing Boschniakia were used as ten kinds of ethnic medicinal plants, two plants of Cistanche were used as three ethnic medicinal plants. The same plant was often used as different ethnic medicine in varied ethnic minorities. The effects of the ethnic medicines included yang-tonifying, hemostasis and analgesic activities. Hence, it is necessary to develop the rich plant resource of Orobanche for alleviation of Cistanche resources shortage.
Cistanche ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Orobanchaceae ; chemistry ; Orobanche ; chemistry ; Phytotherapy

Human ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Antifibrinolytic Agents ; Melanosis ; Orobanchaceae ; Tranexamic Acid

OBJECTIVETo investigate the intervention effect of aqueous fractions from Boschniakia rossica (BRAF) on hepatic oxidative stress in mice with liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).

METHODThe experimental mice were randomly assigned into the normal control group, the model group, the silymarin (positive control) group, as well as high and low dose BRAF groups. Mice were treated intragastrically with silymarin or BRAF once every day for 7 days. At the end of the experiment, CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally into the mice to establish the acute liver injury model. The pathological changes was detected with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) , catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Na+ -K+ -ATPase, Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase, and the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by the colorimetric method.

RESULTBRAF significantly reduced ALT, AST and ALP activities in serum, alleviated hepatic injury induced by CCl4, increased SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH levels in liver, and SOD, Na + -K + -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2 + -ATPase activities in liver mitochondria, and decreased the MDA content in liver and liver mitochondria.

CONCLUSIONBRAF reduces hepatic oxidative stress in mice with acute liver injury induced by CCl4, thereby showing the protective effect on mice with acute liver injury induced by CCl4.

Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; toxicity ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; enzymology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Orobanchaceae ; chemistry ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Solubility ; Water ; chemistry

Pedicularis comprises about 300 species in China and hemiparasite is its most important characteristic. Many compounds have been isolated from the genus, including phenylpropanoids, iridoids, flavonoids and so on. Among them, some showed antioxidative, antitumor, antifatigue, repairing DNA and antidiabetic activities. This review summarized hemiparasite, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities on Pedicularis plants. The aim was to provide information for the further study of Pedicularis.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Pedicularis ; chemistry ; Research

Several Orobanche medicinal plants sometimes served as alternative sources of Cistanches Herba, attributing to the benefits such as tonifying kidney, strengthening tendons and bones. Among them, O. coerulescens, O. cernua and O. pycnostachya have been widely utilized in northern China for treatments of pains in the loins and knees, impotence, and spermatorrhea. However, their chemical profiles haven't been elucidated. In the present study, UHPLC-IT-TOF-MS was implemented to conduct in-depth chemome profiling of O. coerulescens, O. cernua and O. pycnostachya, aiming to achieve a comprehensive chemical characterization and to provide pronounced information for the quality control and clinical applications. An ACE Ultra-Core 2.5 Super C_(18)(3.0 mm×150 mm, 2.5 μm) column was deployed for chromatographic separations, and high-resolution MS~n spectra were recorded by IT-TOF-MS. Forty-eight components, in total, were observed, and thirty-eight ones were structurally annotated according to proposing mass fragmentation patterns, matching with relevant databases. Particularly, nine ones were confirmed by reference compounds. Overall, the chemical compositions of O. coerulescens and O. cernua are quite similar, and differences occur between O. pycnostachya and the prior two ones; primary chemical family is phenylethanoid glycosides, and several lignan glycosides as well as iridoid glycosides are also observed; the primary components include acteoside, isoacteoside, crenatoside and 2'-acetylacteoside, etc.
China ; Cistanche ; Glycosides ; Male ; Orobanche ; Plants, Medicinal

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of the whole plants of Pedicularis densispica.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by various chromatographic methods and their structures were determined by chemical evidences and spectral data.

RESULTTen compounds were isolated and identified as acacetin (1), apigenin-7-0-beta-glucopyranoside (2), kaempferol-3,7-O-alpha-dirhamnopyranoside (3), scutellarein-7-0-beta-glucopyranoside (4), chrysoeriol-7-O-beta-glucopyranoside (5), pedicutricone A (6), dearabinosyl pneumonanthoside (7), salidroside (8), darendoside B (9), and maltol-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10).

CONCLUSIONThese compounds were isolated from the titled plant for the first time. Except compounds 6 and 8, the others were obtained for the first time from the genus Pedicularis.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Pedicularis ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification

The dried succulent stems of Cistanche (Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma and Cistanche tubulosa Wight.) are one of the most widely used components of traditional Chinese medicines. However, it is often confused and substituted with the roots of Orobanche pycnostachya, Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schltdl.) Standl., Cistanche sinensis Beck, and Cistanche salsa (C. A. Mey.) Beck. In this study, we identified psbA-trnH regions from species and tested their suitable for the identification of the above mentioned taxa. The psbA-trnH sequences showed considerable variations between species and thus were revealed as a promising candidate for barcoding of Cistanche species. Additionally, the average genetic distance of psbA-trnH ranging from 0.077% to 0.743%. In contrast, the intra-specific variation among Cistanche species was found to be significantly different from those of other species, with percentages of variation studied ranged from 0% to 0.007%. The sequence difference between the psbA-trnH sequences of Cistanche species and Orobanche pycnostachya ranged from 0.979% to 1.149%. The distance between the Cistanche species and Boschniakia rossica ranged from 1.066% to 1.224%. Our results suggest that the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer region represent a barcode that can be used to identify Cistanche species and other morphologically undistinguishable species.
Base Sequence ; Cistanche ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Intergenic ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Orobanche ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Stems ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Plastids ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; methods ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the water-soluble part of Euphrasia regelii.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by macroporous resin and column chromatography, and identified by IR, NMR data.

RESULTTwo special compounds were isolated and identified.

CONCLUSIONTwo compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Euphrasia ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Phenols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEDiscuss the trade-off between vegetative growth and reproductive growth.

METHODVegetative modules and reproductive modules by large sampling were separated and quantitative charecters of organs and pattern of reproductive allocation were analysed of reproductive allocation were analysed.

RESULTThe phenotype plasticity of quantitative charecters were significant. Reproductive biomass was increasing at different stages. The mass of reproductive investment increased significantly with increasing individual size, the opposite of reproductive allocation. There were all significant positive correlations between the seeds weight and height, total biomass, vegetative biomass, reproductive biomass, fruit numbers, fruit weight.

CONCLUSIONThe significance of phenotype plasticity is the cause of multiple elements. In the process of transferring from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, there was a trade-off between organs. Under individual growth and reproductive strategy, the variation of biomass was allocated coordinately.

Biomass ; Cistanche ; growth & development ; Phenotype ; Reproduction