Recently, significant progress has been made in medical techniques for regenerating bone. However, bone evaluation techniques generally assess bone quantity as opposed to bone quality. The use of c-axis crystallite orientation of biological apatite (BAp) as a bone quality index has recently generated great interest. BAp demonstrates strong crystallographic anisotropy, and preferential alignment of BAp in each bone varies depending on the shape and stress conditions in vivo. In the mandible, complicated bone shape and stress conditions in vivo might be associated with both bone quantity and quality. In this study, we aimed to elucidate changes in the bone microstructure in the mandible using crystallographic orientation of BAp as a bone quality index. Using Crj: CD (SD) IGS female rats, we observed changes in the dentulous mandible during bone growth. Measuring points on the mandible were determined based on its positional relationship with the teeth. For analysis of bone quantity, the area and bone mineral density of cortical bone were evaluated using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), while the orientation of the BAp c-axis, as analyzed by a micro-beam X-ray diffraction system, was used to assess bone quality. The results of both bone quantity and quality assessments indicated that changes during bone growth varied depending on the presence of teeth. We concluded that the microstructure (especially the texture) of BAp crystallite changes in correlation with variations in stress distribution in vivo resulting from changes in chewing conditions designed to optimize the dynamic chewing function.

To obtain the caries experience and, plaque accumulation severity and pit and fissure morphology in first permanent molars in 7-8 children in Wuhan, as a reasonable prediction of caries risk and preventive attention in the future, a convenient sample of five primary schools in the vicinity of the Wuhan University School and Hospital of Stomatology was drawn. Two calibrated examiners orally examined all present grade 2 children in the classroom, using standard caries plaque and tooth morphology criteria. Dental caries was scored at enamel (D(2)) and dentine (D(3)) for tooth and surface level. Independent variables were age, gender and school. Data analysis used analysis of variance and t-test. The sample comprised 1 043 7- and 8-year-olds. The prevalence of dental caries in permanent dentition was 8.7% and in primary dentition, 68.7%. Mean Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth/S (DMFT/S) scores were 0.11 and 0.14, respectively. Mean dmft/s scores were 2.8 and 5.0. The d-component constituted 75% of the d(3)mft index, while enamel carious lesions constituted 36% of the total number of carious lesions (d(2,3)-component). Prevalence of medium and deep pits and fissures was 84.6%. Prevalence of medium and severe plaque accumulation was 67.4%. Prevalence of dental caries in the deciduous and permanent dentitions of 7- to 8-year-old children was high. Deep pits and fissures in high caries risk children should be sealed.
Child ; China ; epidemiology ; DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Dental Enamel ; pathology ; Dental Fissures ; pathology ; Dental Plaque Index ; Dentin ; pathology ; Dentition, Permanent ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molar ; pathology ; Prevalence ; Tooth, Deciduous

There is a need recognized by the National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research and the National Cancer Institute to advance basic, translational and clinical saliva research. The goal of the Salivaomics Knowledge Base (SKB) is to create a data management system and web resource constructed to support human salivaomics research. To maximize the utility of the SKB for retrieval,integration and analysis of data, we have developed the Saliva Ontology and SDxMart. This article reviews the informatics advances in saliva diagnostics made possible by the Saliva Ontology and SDxMart.
Biomarkers ; chemistry ; Computational Biology ; methods ; Databases, Protein ; Genomics ; methods ; Humans ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Proteomics ; methods ; Saliva ; chemistry ; Salivary Proteins and Peptides ; chemistry ; classification ; physiology

The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanical characteristics of implant-abutment interface design in a dental , using nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) method. This finite element simulation study was applied on three commonly used commercial dental implant systems: model I, the reduced-diameter 3i implant system (West Palm Beach, FL, USA) with a hex and a 12-point double internal hexagonal connection; model II, the Semados implant system (Bego, Bremen, Germany) with combination of a conical (450 taper) and internal hexagonal connection; and model III, the Brinemark implant system (Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg,Sweden) with external hexagonal connection. In simulation, a force of 170 N with 45" oblique to the longitudinal axis of the implant was loaded to the top surface of the abutment. It has been found from the strength and stiffness analysis that the 3i implant system has the lowest maximum von Mises stress, principal stress and displacement while the Br Bnemark implant system has the highest. It was concluded from our preliminary study using nonlinear FEA that the reduced-diameter 3i implant system with a hex and a 12-point double internal hexagonal connection had a better stress distribution, and produced a smaller displacement than the other two implant systems.
Computer Simulation ; Computer-Aided Design ; Dental Implant-Abutment Design ; statistics & numerical data ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Stress Analysis ; methods ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Stress, Mechanical

Angiosarcoma is an uncommon malignancy, which spread out from the endothelial cells of vessels. Scalp angiosarcoma with cervical lymph node metastasis is particularly rare. This article describes a rare case of angiosarcoma of the scalp, presenting as neck inflammation. Imaging procedures such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance image (MRI) and ultrasonography (US) were not sufficient to diagnose this case. A needle biopsy provided an effective and accurate diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis. Additional observation and physical examination was required to diagnose the origin of the primary cancerous lesion. Once the angiosarcoma diagnosis was confirmed histologically, sequential weekly and monthly docetaxel (DTX) treatment was effective in preventing reoccurrence. Nonetheless, the optimization of angiosarcoma treatment remains a future goal. Although patients generally describe pain and swelling at the primary lesion site, this patient complained only of painful neck inflammation, without any indication of pain or swelling of the scalp. A revised diagnostic protocol should note that cervical lymph node metastasis of unknown primary origin may result from angiosarcoma of the scalp.
Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cranial Irradiation ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; therapy ; Hemangiosarcoma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Neck ; pathology ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiography ; Scalp ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; therapy ; Taxoids ; therapeutic use ; Ultrasonography

To validate the use of the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) in assessing orthodontic treatment need among 12-13 year-olds in southern China, we determined the threshold value of ICON based on Chinese orthodontists' judgments. The samples consisted of 335 students in grade 7 from 16 randomly selected middle schools in Chengdu, China. Three associate professors provided ICON scores for each participant and the results were compared with the gold standard judgments from 25 experts on treatment needs. Based on the gold standard, 195 casts belonged to the treatment category, while the rest 140 belonged to the no-treatment category. With the international cutoff point of 43, the sensitivity and specificity of the ICON score were 0.29 and 0.98.The best compromise between sensitivity and specificity in Chengdu, compared with the gold standard, was found at a cutoff point of 29, and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 and 0.83. When used to evaluate the treatment need of 12-13 year-olds in southern China, the international ICON cutoff value did not correspond well with Chinese orthodontists' judgments; a lower cutoff value of 29 offered a greater sensitivity and specificity with respect to expert orthodontists' perception of treatment need.
Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Data Collection ; Dental Health Surveys ; methods ; standards ; Female ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Needs Assessment ; statistics & numerical data ; Observer Variation ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; standards ; statistics & numerical data ; Reference Values ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The presence of a large palatal or maxillary defect after partial or total maxillectomy for tumor, trauma or congenital deformation poses a challenge to prosthodontists, particularly when the use of an implant cannot be considered. This case report described the use of an air valve in a hollow silicone obturator to manufacture an inflatable obturator that could be extended further into undercut area to retain itself. The inflatable obturator exhibited adequate retention, stability and border sealing, thereby improving the masticatory,pronunciation and swallowing functions of patients. It may be a suitable alternative treatment option to an implant-retained obturator.
Dental Impression Technique ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Prosthesis Retention ; Denture Retention ; Denture, Complete, Upper ; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; surgery ; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; methods ; rehabilitation ; Palatal Obturators ; Silicones ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

To evaluate the papilla alterations around single-implant restorations in the anterior maxillae after crown attachment and to study the influence of soft tissue thickness on the papilla fill alteration. According to the inclusion criteria, 32 patients subjected to implant-supported single-tooth restorations in anterior maxillae were included. The patients were assigned to two groups according to the mucosal thickness: (i) group 1, 1.5 mm s mucosal thickness 3 mm; and (ii) group 2, 3 mm Adult ; Crowns ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; methods ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Esthetics, Dental ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gingiva ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; Middle Aged ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Prospective Studies ; Tooth Cervix ; anatomy & histology ; Young Adult

Revascularization of immature necrotic teeth is a reliable treatment alternative to conventional apexogenesis or apexification. In case 1, a 12-year-old boy had his necrotic, immature mandibular left second premolar treated with a revascularization technique. At a24-month follow-up, periapical radiolucency had disappeared and thickening of the root wall was observed. In cases 2 and 3, a10-year-old boy had his necrotic, immature, bilateral mandibular second premolars treated with the same modality. At 48-month(in case 2) and 42-month (in case 3) follow-ups, loss of periapical radiolucencies and increases in the root wall thickness were also observed.
Apexification ; Bicuspid ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Dental Papilla ; blood supply ; drug effects ; pathology ; Dental Pulp ; blood supply ; drug effects ; pathology ; Dental Pulp Necrosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Radiography ; Regeneration ; Root Canal Irrigants ; therapeutic use ; Root Canal Therapy ; methods ; Tooth Apex ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; Tooth, Deciduous ; blood supply ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome

Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays an essential role in chemotherapy-induced tumor cell killing, and inducers of apoptosis are commonly used in cancer therapy. Treatment with Zelkova serrata extracts was performed in human gingival fibroblast (HGF), mouth epidermoid carcinoma cell (KB), lower gingival squamous cancer cell (YD38) and tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells (YD15). We observed that extract prepared from Zelkova serrata twig selectively inhibited proliferation of various oral cancer cells, but not normal gingival fibroblasts, in a dose-dependent manner. Caspase-8-mediated apoptosis was induced by treatment with the extract only in mouth epidermoid carcinoma and not in other types of cancer cells, including lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma. The selective apoptotic effect of Zelkova serrata twig extract in mouth epidermoid carcinoma was dependent on normal p53 status. Apoptosis was not remarkably induced by treatment with the extract in either lower gingival squamous or tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells, both of which contain abnormalities of p53. Upon treatment with Zelkova serrata twig extract, mouth epidermoid carcinoma cells accumulated in S phase by activation of p21. These data indicate that Zelkova serrata twig extract exerted a cancer type-specific, p53-dependent apoptotic effect and disturbed the cell cycle, which suggests that herbal medicine could be a treatment for specific types of cancers.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Growth Inhibitors ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; pathology ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; drug effects ; Ulmaceae ; chemistry