Background and Objective: A normal variant of the oral cavity in humans, especially when aging, indicates how the body adapts to the environment, a lifestyle, and irritation. This study aimed to examine the distribution of normal variants among elderly patients who visited Airlangga University Dental Hospital. Method: This was a descriptive observational design study. Examination of oral soft tissue was performed on elderly dental patients who came to the hospital from January to December 2019. Results: Sixty-eight (68) elderly patients, 60 years of age and over, 35 males and 33 females. The study identified 138 normal oral variations of soft tissues and oral structures. The three highest distributions obtained were coated tongue, lingual varicosities, and fissured tongue. Conclusion The normal variants of oral mucosa and oral structure in the elderly resulted from how the body adapted to the environment and the awareness of the systemic disease that might occur.
Oral Hygiene

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare home care dental devices for their dental plaque removal ability. METHODS: A single blinded randomized crossover clinical study design was used to measure plaque index (Turesky Modification Quigley-Hein Plaque Index). RESULTS: All 3 groups showed a statistically significant decrease in the plaque index after usage (P<0.001). In manual tooth-brushing group, the teeth on the right dental arch showed a greater decrease in the plaque index than on the left arch (P=0.041). All appliances showed greater plaque reduction in the upper right posterior teeth than in the lower right posterior teeth (P=0.009, 0.004, 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support development of more effective oral hygiene appliances and emphasis on oral hygienic education.
Dental Arch ; Dental Devices, Home Care ; Dental Plaque Index ; Dental Plaque* ; Education ; Health Education ; Oral Hygiene* ; Tooth ; Vibration*

PURPOSE: To test the plaque-removal efficacy of a single-tufted toothbrush on the posterior molars compared with a flat-trimmed toothbrush. METHODS: Forty-nine subjects were selected. Professional instruction and written brushing instructions were given. After thorough supra-gingival scaling and polishing, all subjects were asked to abstain from oral hygiene procedures for 24 hours prior to the first experiment. The subjects were randomized to a treatment sequence. The modified Quigley and Hein plaque index was recorded pre- and post-tooth brushing, at 6 surfaces of the posterior molars. After a wash-out period, all the remaining plaque was removed professionally. Twenty-four hours of brushing abstinence was again performed. The plaque index was recorded pre- and post-tooth brushing after the subjects were given the second toothbrush in the cross-over sequence. RESULTS: The percentage reductions in plaque scores achieved with the single-tufted brushes were significantly higher than those of the flat-trimmed brush at the maxillary buccal interproximal, marginal and mandibular lingual interproximal site. The other locations showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study implied that the single-tufted brush could be an effective tool for the removal of plaque at some, but not all, sites of the posterior molars.
Dental Equipment ; Dental Plaque ; Molar ; Oral Hygiene ; Toothbrushing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different oral care treatments on the oral state of patients with intubation in intensive care units. METHODS: The research design was a nonequivalent control group design with repeated measures. The patients were assigned a normal saline, chlorhexidine or toothbrushing group. Each group received its own oral care treatment for 5 minutes, twice a day and for 8 days. The oral assessment guide, hygiene performance index and pathogenic microorganisms. Data were collected from patients before the experiment, 4 days after, and 8 days after completion and were evaluated. RESULTS: The chlorhexidine group and tooth brushing group showed significant improvement on the oral assessment guide and decrease in the hygiene performance index, compared to the normal saline group. Similarly, pathogenic microorganisms were significantly decreased in the chlorhexidine group and tooth brushing group, when compared to the normal saline group. CONCLUSIONS: Oral treatments with chlorhexidine and toothbrushing improve the oral health state of patients, therefore use of chlorhexidine and toothbrushing could be an effective nursing intervention for intubated patients in intensive care units.
Chlorhexidine ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units ; Intubation ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Research Design ; Sodium Chloride ; Tooth ; Toothbrushing

To improve the oral health status of Korean people, it is necessary to encourage proper oral hygiene management habits, such as toothbrushing, through appropriate health promotion techniques. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the removal of plaque and tooth abrasion using ultra-soft (filament 0.11~0.12 mm) and soft toothbrushes for toothbrushing. The plaque removal was performed using a dentiform and Arti-spray, and the Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) index was calculated as the sum total score divided by the total number of surfaces. In the abrasivity experiment, according to the number of brushings, a micro Vickers hardness tester was used, and a sample in the range of 280~380 Vickers hardness number was selected. The number of toothbrushing stroke were 1,800 (2 months), 5,400 (6 months), 10,800 (12 months), and 21,600 (24 months). The tooth abrasion was measured using a scanning electron microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. According to the results, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of plaque removal between ultra-soft and soft toothbrushes. The difference in tooth abrasion between before and after toothbrushing was found to be greater with the soft toothbrushes than with the ultra-soft toothbrushes. Therefore, the ultra-soft toothbrush not only lowers tooth damage by reducing tooth abrasion, but also shows a similar ability to remove plaque as soft toothbrushes.
Dental Plaque ; Hardness ; Hardness Tests ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Stroke ; Tooth Abrasion* ; Tooth* ; Toothbrushing

The project was carried out to assess the situation of oral hygiene of the school children who have not been conducted oral hygiene as well as to access the effectiveness of dental education in the improvement of oral hygiene. The results of this study showed that: 1. The situation of oral hygiene of the school children is very bad. This is alarming situation of preventive hygiene. So we have to strengthen oral hygiene education for children community across the country. 2. The content of oral hygiene education of the school dental program for children (6-15 years old) has significant effectiveness on the improvement of oral hygiene. 3. The oral hygiene situation tightly related to orodental diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease. So we have to conduct oral hygiene education for community in order to prevent dental caries and periodontal disease
child ; Oral Hygiene

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in public recognition of parabens on Twitter and the research status of parabens related to toothpaste. METHODS: Tweet information between 2010 and October 2016 was collected by an automatic web crawler and examined according to tweet frequency, key words (2012-October 2016), and issue tweet detection analyses to reveal changes in public recognition of parabens on Twitter. To investigate the research status of parabens related to toothpaste, queries such as “paraben,”“paraben and toxicity,”“paraben and (toothpastes or dentifrices),” and “paraben and (toothpastes or dentifrices) and toxicity” were used. RESULTS: The number of tweets concerning parabens sharply increased when parabens in toothpaste emerged as a social issue (October 2014), and decreased from 2015 onward. However, toothpaste and its related terms were continuously included in the core key words extracted from tweets from 2015. They were not included in key words before 2014, indicating that the emergence of parabens in toothpaste as a social issue plays an important role in public recognition of parabens in toothpaste. The issue tweet analysis also confirmed the change in public recognition of parabens in toothpaste. Despite the expansion of public recognition of parabens in toothpaste, there are only seven research articles on the topic in PubMed. CONCLUSIONS: The general public clearly recognized parabens in toothpaste after emergence of parabens in toothpaste as a social issue. Nevertheless, the scientific information on parabens in toothpaste is very limited, suggesting that the efforts of dental scientists are required to expand scientific knowledge related to parabens in oral hygiene measures.
Oral Hygiene ; Parabens* ; Toothpastes*

This research team extracted keywords from 953 papers published in the Journal of Dental Hygiene Science from 2001 to 2018 for keyword and centrality analyses using the Keyword Network Analysis method. Data were analyzed using Excel 2016 and NetMiner Version 4.4.1. By conducting a deeper analysis between keywords by overall keyword and time frame, we arrived at the following conclusions. For the 17 years considered for this study, the most frequently used words in a dental science paper were “Health,”“Oral,”“Hygiene,” and “Hygienist.” The words that form the center by connecting major words in the Journal of Dental Hygiene through the upper-degree centrality words were “Health,”“Dental,”“Oral,”“Hygiene,” and “Hygienist.” The upper betweenness centrality words were “Dental,”“Health,”“Oral,”“Hygiene,” and “Student.” Analysis results of the degree centrality words per period revealed “Health” (0.227), “Dental” (0.136), and “Hygiene” (0.136) for period 1; “Health” (0.242), “Dental” (0.177), and “Hygiene” (0.113) for period 2; “Health” (0.200), “Dental” (0.176), and “Oral” (0.082) for period 3; and “Dental” (0.235), “Health” (0.206), and “Oral” (0.147) for period 4. Analysis results of the betweenness centrality words per period revealed “Oral” (0.281) and “Health” (0.199) for period 1; “Dental” (0.205) and “Health” (0.169) for period 2, with the weight then dispersing to “Hygiene” (0.112), “Hygienist” (0.054), and “Oral” (0.053); “Health” (0.258) and “Dental” (0.246) for period 3; and “Oral” (0.364), “Health” (0.353), and “Dental” (0.333) for period 4. Based on the above results, we hope that further studies will be conducted in the future with diverse study subjects.
Hope ; Methods ; Oral Hygiene*

ABSTRACT Good denture hygiene is crucial for the prevention of various periodontal diseases, dental caries and dental stomatitis, which can give rise to a negative impact on the general health of denture users. A comparison exercise was conducted, to determine the effectiveness of information on denture care, provided by different groups of dental personnel. A self-administered and structured questionnaire was distributed to patients who attended Hospital USM’s dental clinics, from 2014 to 2019 based on the attendance register of the clinic. The denture hygiene status of 100 participants was assessed during the interview session. The results derived through the questionnaire revealed that 100% of the respondents, who received both verbal and written instructions, practiced good dental hygiene. It was observed that the most effective instructions received by the respondents were delivered by the dental specialists. Respondents, who clean their dentures with denture cleaning tablets, soap, or denture cleaning paste, were observed to possess better denture hygiene than those who do not. Also, respondents who visit their dentists once every six months for routine dental examinations boasted a higher percentage of good denture hygiene (81.8%). A positive association was perceived, between knowledge and the status of denture hygiene.
Oral Hygiene--psychology

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oral health education interval and toothbrushing instruction, the difference between the demonstration-only method and the demonstration with chairside practice toothbrushing instruction method, and the effect of initial patient plaque control ability on the plaque index. METHODS: Patients (n=60) were randomly assigned to receive a 1-week, 2-week, or 3-week interval of oral health education and toothbrushing instruction. Each group was further subdivided into the demonstration-only group and the demonstration with chairside practice group. Patients were categorized as having "good", "fair", or "poor" initial plaque control ability, based on the Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index (TQHI). Patients attended five sessions during which they received oral health education and toothbrushing instruction of the modified Bass technique. Plaque evaluation was performed at each visit using the TQHI. RESULTS: The plaque index tended to improve from the first visit to the fifth visit, but there were no significant differences between the 1-week, 2-week, and 3-week education interval. The demonstration with the chairside practice group showed significantly greater improvements in the plaque index, compared to the demonstration-only group. In the good, fair, and poor plaque control ability groups, the plaque index improved gradually from the first to the fifth visit. When plaque control was poor, the improvement in the plaque index increased to a greater degree after oral health education and toothbrushing instruction. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study may be helpful for suggesting appropriate individualized oral hygiene management methods to improve plaque control ability.
Bass ; Dental Plaque ; Dental Plaque Index ; Education* ; Humans ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Toothbrushing