With the development of economy, the incidence of diabetes is keeping on rising. It has been a larger chief offender endangering human health. Glucose monitoring in time, accurately and continuously can provide the basis for the adjustment of diet, exercise and drug treatment project, and can control disease at the level of satisfaction degree. Noninvasive measurement of glucose avoids blood collection with high frequency, alleviates pain caused by blood sampling, and prevents infection. It comes with hope for the diabetic. In this article, we compare the kinds of techniques, introduce the theory, the problems of polarization rotation, the solving methods and the advantages, thus providing references for the noninvasive measurement of glucose.
Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; methods ; trends ; Diabetes Mellitus ; blood ; Humans ; Optical Rotation

Structural elucidation of natural products is always one of the most important tasks for natural product researchers in related fields. Particularly, the absolute configuration (AC), being a great challenge for natural product chemists, has attracted much attention. During the past few decades, many techniques and approaches have been developed to determine the AC of natural products, including direct (or absolute) methods, e.g. X-ray diffraction (XRD), electronic and vibrational circular dichroism (ECD and VCD), and Raman optical activity (ROA), as well as indirect (or relative) methods using a reference or a derivatizing agent with known AC, e.g. CD with empirical rules and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) utilizing anisotropic effects of chiral derivatizing agents. However, none of the currently applied techniques is capable of dominating AC determination, since they each have their respective limitations corresponding to the different structural features. This mini review summarizes most of the techniques and methods which are commonly used in AC assignment of natural products, or have potential application prospects, and briefly describes their principles, advantages and limitations.
Biological Products ; chemistry ; Circular Dichroism ; Molecular Structure ; Optical Rotation ; X-Ray Diffraction

In order to overcome the existing shortcomings of the non-invasive blood glucose polarized light measurement methods of optical heterodyne detection and direct detection, we present in this paper a new orthogonal twin-polarized light (OTPL) non-invasive blood glucose measurement method, which converts the micro-angle rotated by an optical active substance such as glucose to the energy difference of OTPL, amplifies the signals by the high-sensitivity lock-in amplifier made of relevant principle, controls Faraday coil current to compensate the changes in deflection angle caused by blood glucose, and makes use of the linear relationship between blood glucose concentration and Faraday coil current to calculate blood glucose concentration. In our comparative experiment using the data measured by LX-20 automatic biochemical analyzer as a standard, a 0.9777 correlation coefficient is obtained in glucose concentration experiment, and a 0.952 in serum experiment. The result shows that this method has higher detection sensitivity and accuracy and lays a foundation for the development of practical new type of non-invasive blood glucose tester for diabetic patients.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; instrumentation ; methods ; Diabetes Mellitus ; blood ; Humans ; Optical Rotation ; Optics and Photonics ; Pilot Projects ; Polarography ; Rabbits

AIMTo study the different biological activities of the enantiomers of the anti-hepatitis drug (+/-)-bicyclol, the (+/-)-bicyclol was resolved.

METHODSBy being treated with optically active alkaloid, the two diastereoisomers alkaloid salts of the compound could be obtained, separately. After decomposing and methylating, they were transformed separately into (-)-bicyclol and (+)-bicyclol.

RESULTSThe two enantiomers of bicyclol were determined by melting point, [alpha]D, 1H NMR, MS and chiral column HPLC.

CONCLUSIONComparison of hepatoprotective action of racemic bicyclol and (-)-, (+)-bicyclol on experimental liver injury, the effect of (-)-bicyclol was two times more potent than that of racemic bicyclol and the potency of (+)-bicyclol was much less than that of the racemate.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Biphenyl Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; blood ; etiology ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Optical Rotation ; Stereoisomerism