Humans ; Optical Imaging

There is a shared problem in current optical imaging technologies of how to obtain the optical parameters of biological tissues with complex profiles. In this work, an imaging system for obtaining the optical parameters of biological tissues with complex profile was presented. Firstly, Fourier transformation profilometry was used for obtaining the profile information of biological tissues, and then the difference of incident light intensity at different positions on biological tissue surface was corrected with the laws of illumination, and lastly the optical parameters of biological tissues were achieved with the spatial frequency domain imaging technique. Experimental results indicated the proposed imaging system could obtain the profile information and the optical parameters of biological tissues accurately and quickly. For the slab phantoms with height variation less than 30 mm and angle variation less than 40º, the maximum relative errors of the profile uncorrected optical parameters were 46.27% and 72.18%, while the maximum relative errors of the profile corrected optical parameters were 6.89% and 10.26%. Imaging experiments of a face-like phantom and a human's prefrontal lobe were performed respectively, which demonstrated the proposed imaging system possesses clinical application value for the achievement of the optical parameters of biological tissues with complex profiles. Besides, the proposed profile corrected method can be used to combine with the current optical imaging technologies to reduce the influence of the profile information of biological tissues on imaging quality.
Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Light ; Optical Imaging ; Phantoms, Imaging

Fluorescent Diffuse Optical Tomography (FDOT) is an emerging imaging method with great prospects in fields of biology and medicine. However, the current solutions to the forward problem in FDOT are time consuming, which greatly limit the application. We proposed a method for FDOT based on Lattice Boltzmann forward model on GPU to greatly improve the computational efficiency. The Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) was used to construct the optical transmission model. This method separated the LBM into collision, streaming and boundary processing processes on GPUs to perform the LBM efficiently, which were local computational and inefficient on CPU. The feasibility of the proposed method was verified by the numerical phantom and the physical phantom experiments. The experimental results showed that the proposed method achieved the best performance of a 118-fold speed up under the precondition of simulation accuracy, comparing to the diffusion equation implemented by Finite Element Method (FEM) on CPU. Thus, the LBM on the GPU may efficiently solve the forward problem in FDOT.
Computers ; Fluorescence ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Tomography, Optical/methods*

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a hybrid biomedical imaging method that exploits both acoustical Epub ahead of print and optical properties and can provide both functional and structural information. Therefore, PA imaging can complement other imaging methods, such as ultrasound imaging, fluorescence imaging, optical coherence tomography, and multi-photon microscopy. This article reviews techniques that integrate PA with the above imaging methods and describes their applications.
Complement System Proteins ; Microscopy ; Multimodal Imaging* ; Optical Imaging ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Ultrasonography

Optical imaging visualizes tissue function and structure by analyzing the properties of absorption, scattering, or reflection. Light in the near-infrared spectrum relatively penetrate human tissue well. Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) is a functional imaging modality which can evaluate the perfusion and metabolism of human tissue and tumor by analyzing the optical properties of hemoglobin, water, and lipid. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) acquires the cross-sectional images by analyzing the coherence pattern of the reflected light from the human tissue. OCT has higher resolution more than 15 times compared to conventional imaging modalities like ultrasonography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Optical imaging has advantages of harmlessness, noninvasiveness, and high resolution. However, it has limitation in the penetration depth. In this review, mechanism of DOI and OCT and their clinical application in the otorhinolaryngology field will be discussed.
Absorption ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Metabolism ; Optical Imaging* ; Otolaryngology* ; Perfusion ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Ultrasonography ; Water

To improve the detection rate of gastrointestinal tumors, image-enhanced endoscopy has been widely used during screening and surveillance endoscopy in Korea. In addition to narrow band imaging (NBI) with/without magnification, various types of electronic chromoendoscopies have been used, including autofluorescence imaging, I-scan, and flexible spectral imaging color enhancement. These technologies enable the accurate characterization of tumors because they enable visualization of microvascular and microsurface patterns. The present review focuses on understanding the principle and clinical applications of advanced imaging technologies other than NBI.
Endoscopy ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Narrow Band Imaging* ; Optical Imaging

Recently, several new endoscopic imaging techniques have been developed, including endoscopic ultrasonography, narrow band imaging, autofluorescence imaging, and confocal laser endomicroscopy. Preliminary studies have reported promising results in diagnosing gastric cancer with these new endoscopic imaging techniques. For wider clinical application, however, more evidence is required to show the clinical efficacy of these advanced endoscopic techniques in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. For the treatment of early gastric cancer, endoscopic submucosal dissection methods have recently been developed. Endoscopic submucosal dissection enables en bloc resection of large lesions and lesions with accompanying ulcerations, as the lesion is directly dissected along the submucosal layer using a high-frequency electrosurgical knife. With the development of the endoscopic submucosal dissection technique and the accumulation of long-term outcome data, the applications for endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer are expanding.
Diagnosis* ; Endosonography ; Narrow Band Imaging ; Optical Imaging ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Ulcer

Recently, several new endoscopic imaging techniques have been developed, including endoscopic ultrasonography, narrow band imaging, autofluorescence imaging, and confocal laser endomicroscopy. Preliminary studies have reported promising results in diagnosing gastric cancer with these new endoscopic imaging techniques. For wider clinical application, however, more evidence is required to show the clinical efficacy of these advanced endoscopic techniques in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. For the treatment of early gastric cancer, endoscopic submucosal dissection methods have recently been developed. Endoscopic submucosal dissection enables en bloc resection of large lesions and lesions with accompanying ulcerations, as the lesion is directly dissected along the submucosal layer using a high-frequency electrosurgical knife. With the development of the endoscopic submucosal dissection technique and the accumulation of long-term outcome data, the applications for endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer are expanding.
Diagnosis* ; Endosonography ; Narrow Band Imaging ; Optical Imaging ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Ulcer

In the last 30 years, technical improvements have directly contributed to expanding sonographic breast imaging applications into the most important adjunctive imaging modality for breast evaluation. Most of these advances have related to improvements in sonographic gray-scale image resolution and contrast, but some applications such as color Doppler imaging, elastography, optical imaging, or three-dimensional ultrasounds have resulted in sonographic information that is uniquely different from grayscale imaging. The current spectrum of new breast sonographic techniques not only offers information uniquely different from gray-scale imaging but also involves hardware advances that affect the method of image production. In this article, we discuss the current trends in breast ultrasonography focusing on the advances to further improve accuracy for breast lesion diagnosis.
Breast ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Optical Imaging ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

Head and neck cancers become a severe threat to human's health nowadays and represent the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Surgery remains the first-line choice for head and neck cancer patients. Limited resectable tissue mass and complicated anatomy structures in the head and neck region put the surgeons in a dilemma between the extensive resection and a better quality of life for the patients. Early diagnosis and treatment of the pre-malignancies, as well as real-time in vivo detection of surgical margins during en bloc resection, could be leveraged to minimize the resection of normal tissues. With the understanding of the head and neck oncology, recent advances in optical hardware and reagents have provided unique opportunities for real-time pre-malignancies and cancer imaging in the clinic or operating room. Optical imaging in the head and neck has been reported using autofluorescence imaging, targeted fluorescence imaging, high-resolution microendoscopy, narrow band imaging and the Raman spectroscopy. In this study, we reviewed the basic theories and clinical applications of optical imaging for the diagnosis and treatment in the field of head and neck oncology with the goal of identifying limitations and facilitating future advancements in the field.
Forecasting ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Optical Imaging ; methods