Medical laser adopts optical fibers as spread media, using laser energy for the purpose of diagnostics and therapeutics. The corresponding industry standard is YY/T 0758-2009 General requirements for therapeutic laser fiber, which requires manufacturers to offer applicable wave length (or spectrum range) of the fiber, and the corresponding minimum transmission efficiency of the wave length. This research focuses on the matching of therapeutic laser fiber and laser source, to support and emphasize the importance and reasonability of relative requirements in YY/T 0758-2009.
Equipment Design ; Lasers ; Optical Fibers

PURPOSE: To compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness obtained with Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Cirrus OCT. METHODS: Sixty-one normal eyes were evaluated with Stratus and Cirrus OCT on the same day, and the RNFL thicknesses measured by the two OCT machines were compared. The correlation between the two data sets was obtained using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The correlation between RNFL thickness and the difference in data measured by the two OCT machines was then assessed. RESULTS: The average RNFL thickness was significantly higher with Stratus OCT by 6.54+/-4.48 micrometer (p=0.0008). A strong correlation was present between the two RNFL thickness data sets (r=0.883), and the difference between Stratus and Cirrus values tended to increase as RNFL thickness increased. CONCLUSIONS: RNFL thickness measurements in normal eyes scanned with Cirrus OCT correlate well with Stratus OCT measurements. Average RNFL thickness was significantly higher with Stratus OCT, and as the RNFL thickness increased, the difference between Stratus and Cirrus values increased.
Eye ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: To compare circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses as measured using five different optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices. METHODS: RNFL thickness was measured in 32 healthy eyes of 32 subjects using a Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA), Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), Topcon DRI OCT (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), RS-3000 Advance OCT (NIDEK, Aichi, Japan), and RTVue-100 (Optovue, Fremont, CA, USA). Global and quadrant (superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal) RNFL thicknesses were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance, and the agreement among devices was determined using Bland-Altman analyses. RESULTS: The global RNFL thickness was greatest when measured using the Topcon DRI OCT, with a mean value of 107.5 µm. The mean global RNFL thicknesses measured using the RTVue-100, RS-3000 Advance OCT, and Spectralis OCT were 104.9 ± 8.4, 104.4 ± 9.4, 102.5 ± 8.9 µm, respectively. The Cirrus HD-OCT presented the thinnest RNFL measurement, with a mean value of 97.7 ± 8.7 µm (p < 0.01). A similar pattern was found for the quadrant RNFL thicknesses (p < 0.01). Differences in the global RNFL thicknesses among the devices ranged from 0.5 to 9.9 µm. The limits of agreement of the global RNFL thicknesses evaluated by Bland-Altman analyses ranged from 6.8 to 19.6 µm. CONCLUSIONS: RNFL thicknesses measured using five different OCT devices were not interchangeable and there was a wide limit of agreement. When interpreting RNFL thickness values determined by different devices, caution is advised.
Glaucoma ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

In this study, we have fabricated a fiber-optic dosimeter for a proton beam therapy dosimetry. We have measured scintillating lights with the various kinds of organic scintillators and selected the BCF-12 as a sensor-tip material due to its highest light output and peak/plateau ratio. To determine the optimum diameter of BCF-12, we have measured scintillating lights according to the energy losses of proton beams in a water phantom. Also, we determined the adequate length of organic scintillator by measuring scintillating lights according to the incident angles of proton beam. Using an optimized fiber-optic dosimeter, we have measured scintillating lights according to the dose rates and monitor units of proton accelerator.
Light ; Optical Fibers ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Proton Therapy ; Protons ; Water

PURPOSE: To identify factors associated with variability in measures obtained by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: One hundred ninety-six subjects (370 eyes) with no ophthalmic evidence of retinopathy and with corrected visual acuities better than 0.6 were included. Macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were measured using SD-OCT and were analyzed according to sex, laterality, age, spherical equivalent and signal strength. RESULTS: The central subfield thickness was significantly lower in the female subjects (r = -0.260, p = 0.000). As age increased, average inner and outer macular thickness increased significantly (r = 0.153, p = 0.010; r = 0.193, p = 0.001). Spherical equivalent correlated negatively with central subfield thickness (r = -0.352, p = 0.000) but correlated positively with average inner macular thickness, average outer macular thickness, overall average thickness, overall macular volume, and average RNFL thickness (r = 0.181, p = 0.002; r = 0.287, p = 0.000; r = 0.346, p = 0.000; r = 0.341, p = 0.000; and r = 0.261, p = 0.000, respectively). Signal strength correlated negatively with average inner macular thickness (r = -0.136, p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: SD-OCT shows that retinal thickness is related to age, sex, spherical equivalent and signal strength. Analysis of retinal thickness by SD-OCT should be interpreted in the context of these findings.
Female ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To determine whether retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), macula and macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL)-inner plexiform layer (IPL) thickness differ in the amblyopic and normal fellow eyes of unilateral amblyopic patients using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: 80 patients with 160 eyes were included in this study; the distribution of patients was 17 patients with strabismic amblyopia, 17 patients with strabismic non-amblyopia, 23 patients with anisometropic amblyopia, and 23 patients with anisometropic non-amblyopia. Macular, RNFL, and mGCL-IPL thickness were obtained by SD-OCT, and the interocular thickness differences of each group were analyzed. After treatment, the changes of OCT parameters were evaluated in amblyopic patients. RESULTS: Average macular, average RNFL, and average mGCL-IPL thickness of amblyopic eyes were thicker than for normal fellow eyes in amblyopic patients (40 patients total; p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). In 23 patients with anisometropic amblyopia, average macular, average RNFL, and average mGCL-IPL thickness of amblyopic eyes were thicker than the normal fellow eye (p = 0.008, p < 0.001, p = 0.002). In the 17 patients with strabismic amblyopia, average macular and average RNFL thickness of amblyopic eyes were thicker than the normal fellow eye (p=0.016, p < 0.006, respectively). No interocular thickness differences were observed in the control groups. Interocular differences between amblyopic and normal eyes remained unchanged after the amblyopic eyes were treated. CONCLUSIONS: Average RNFL and average mGCL-IPL thickness of amblyopic eyes were thicker than normal fellow eyes, but no differences were observed for macular in amblyopic patients. There was no change in the OCT parameter in amblyopic eyes after treatment.
Amblyopia* ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: To analyze localized RNFL defect cases that were identified in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) fundus photographs but not in optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: Analysis of OCT scans and images was performed for 14 eyes (17 locations) that showed localized RNFL defects in RNFL fundus photographs but not in RNFL thickness average analysis. RESULTS: With respect to the range of RNFL defects, 41.2% were less than 10degrees, 47.0% were 11 to 20degrees, and 11.8% were 21 to 30degrees. In 71.4% of the RNFL cases the defects were less than 10degrees and the decrease of RNFL thickness was not readily observable on the OCT scan images. In all cases of RNFL defects in the 11 to 30degrees range the decrease in RNFL thickness could be assessed on the OCT scan images. Nonetheless, the decrease of RNFL thickness could not be seen on the OCT analysis images in which the results of the RNFL thickness made through an automated computer algorithm were displayed. CONCLUSIONS: The range of localized RNFL defects that were difficult to detect with OCT consisted of those cases that were almost less than 20degrees. The limitations of the OCT scan itself in patients with RNFL with an angular width defect less than 10degrees and the problems of RNFL thickness analysis processing in patients with an angular width of 11 to 30degrees may decrease the sensitivity of OCT in diagnosing RNFL defects.
Eye ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: We investigated the correlation of automatic visual field test and Retinal Nerve Fiber (RNFL) thickness measured by OCT and examined the presence of RNFL thickness decrease in the apparently normal hemifield in glaucomatous eyes. METHODS: 52 Normal subjects and 41 glaucomatous eyes were included. Statistical correlation between the sum of total deviation in 37 stimulus of each hemifield and RNFL thickness decrease rate was evaluated. Statistical dfference between the RNFL thickness of the apparently normal hemifield in glaucomatous eyes and the RNFL thickness of corresponding hemifield in normal subjects was also evaluated. RESULTS: There was statistically significant correlation of Total deviation (TD) sum and RNFL thickness decrease rate (p<0.01). There was no significant decrease of RNFL thickness in the apparently normal hemifield (p>0.1). CONCLUSION: RNFL thickness measured by OCT showed significant correlation with sum of TD of automatic visual field test. There was no decrease of RNFL thickness in the apparently normal hemifield in glaucomatous eyes.
Nerve Fibers* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Tomography, Optical Coherence* ; Visual Field Tests*

In this study, we have fabricated a one-dimensional fiber-optic dosimeter for electron beam therapy dosimetry. Each fiber-optic dosimeter has an organic scintillator with a plastic optical fiber and it is embedded and arrayed in the plastic phantom to measure one-dimensional high energy electron beam profile of clinical linear accelerator. The scintillating lights generated from each sensor probe are guided by plastic optical fibers to the multi-channel photodiode amplifier system. We have measured one-dimensional electron beam profiles in a PMMA phantom according to different field sizes and energies of electron beam. Also, the isodose and three-dimensional percent depth dose curves in a PMMA phantom are obtained using a one-dimensional fiber-optic dosimeter with different electron beam energies.
Electrons ; Light ; Optical Fibers ; Particle Accelerators ; Plastics ; Polymethyl Methacrylate

PURPOSE: To investigate peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness profiles associated with myopia. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-seven normal eyes of 67 Korean adults were divided into three groups by spherical equivalent. All subjects were tested with fast RNFL scans of Stratus optical coherence tomography. The angular locations of superior and inferior maximal thickness points in relationship to a reference line drawn horizontally though the center of the scan circle were calculated from the raw data of scanned images (angle alpha, angle beta). Differences of angle alpha and angle beta were compared among the three groups. RESULTS: Angle alpha and angle beta were significantly different in three groups (ANOVA, p<0.001, respectively). Angle alpha and angle beta were also significantly different among the three groups for excluded eyes with tilted discs. CONCLUSIONS: The points of superior and inferior maximal peripapillary RNFL thickness were significantly different in three groups divided by spherical equivalent. As myopia becomes more severe, superior and inferior maximal peripapillary RNFL thickness points are located closer to the fovea.
Adult ; Eye ; Humans ; Myopia ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence