Medical laser adopts optical fibers as spread media, using laser energy for the purpose of diagnostics and therapeutics. The corresponding industry standard is YY/T 0758-2009 General requirements for therapeutic laser fiber, which requires manufacturers to offer applicable wave length (or spectrum range) of the fiber, and the corresponding minimum transmission efficiency of the wave length. This research focuses on the matching of therapeutic laser fiber and laser source, to support and emphasize the importance and reasonability of relative requirements in YY/T 0758-2009.
Equipment Design ; Lasers ; Optical Fibers

PURPOSE: To compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness obtained with Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Cirrus OCT. METHODS: Sixty-one normal eyes were evaluated with Stratus and Cirrus OCT on the same day, and the RNFL thicknesses measured by the two OCT machines were compared. The correlation between the two data sets was obtained using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The correlation between RNFL thickness and the difference in data measured by the two OCT machines was then assessed. RESULTS: The average RNFL thickness was significantly higher with Stratus OCT by 6.54+/-4.48 micrometer (p=0.0008). A strong correlation was present between the two RNFL thickness data sets (r=0.883), and the difference between Stratus and Cirrus values tended to increase as RNFL thickness increased. CONCLUSIONS: RNFL thickness measurements in normal eyes scanned with Cirrus OCT correlate well with Stratus OCT measurements. Average RNFL thickness was significantly higher with Stratus OCT, and as the RNFL thickness increased, the difference between Stratus and Cirrus values increased.
Eye ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: To compare circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses as measured using five different optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices. METHODS: RNFL thickness was measured in 32 healthy eyes of 32 subjects using a Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA), Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), Topcon DRI OCT (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), RS-3000 Advance OCT (NIDEK, Aichi, Japan), and RTVue-100 (Optovue, Fremont, CA, USA). Global and quadrant (superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal) RNFL thicknesses were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance, and the agreement among devices was determined using Bland-Altman analyses. RESULTS: The global RNFL thickness was greatest when measured using the Topcon DRI OCT, with a mean value of 107.5 µm. The mean global RNFL thicknesses measured using the RTVue-100, RS-3000 Advance OCT, and Spectralis OCT were 104.9 ± 8.4, 104.4 ± 9.4, 102.5 ± 8.9 µm, respectively. The Cirrus HD-OCT presented the thinnest RNFL measurement, with a mean value of 97.7 ± 8.7 µm (p < 0.01). A similar pattern was found for the quadrant RNFL thicknesses (p < 0.01). Differences in the global RNFL thicknesses among the devices ranged from 0.5 to 9.9 µm. The limits of agreement of the global RNFL thicknesses evaluated by Bland-Altman analyses ranged from 6.8 to 19.6 µm. CONCLUSIONS: RNFL thicknesses measured using five different OCT devices were not interchangeable and there was a wide limit of agreement. When interpreting RNFL thickness values determined by different devices, caution is advised.
Glaucoma ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: To analyze localized RNFL defect cases that were identified in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) fundus photographs but not in optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: Analysis of OCT scans and images was performed for 14 eyes (17 locations) that showed localized RNFL defects in RNFL fundus photographs but not in RNFL thickness average analysis. RESULTS: With respect to the range of RNFL defects, 41.2% were less than 10degrees, 47.0% were 11 to 20degrees, and 11.8% were 21 to 30degrees. In 71.4% of the RNFL cases the defects were less than 10degrees and the decrease of RNFL thickness was not readily observable on the OCT scan images. In all cases of RNFL defects in the 11 to 30degrees range the decrease in RNFL thickness could be assessed on the OCT scan images. Nonetheless, the decrease of RNFL thickness could not be seen on the OCT analysis images in which the results of the RNFL thickness made through an automated computer algorithm were displayed. CONCLUSIONS: The range of localized RNFL defects that were difficult to detect with OCT consisted of those cases that were almost less than 20degrees. The limitations of the OCT scan itself in patients with RNFL with an angular width defect less than 10degrees and the problems of RNFL thickness analysis processing in patients with an angular width of 11 to 30degrees may decrease the sensitivity of OCT in diagnosing RNFL defects.
Eye ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

In this study, we have fabricated a fiber-optic dosimeter for a proton beam therapy dosimetry. We have measured scintillating lights with the various kinds of organic scintillators and selected the BCF-12 as a sensor-tip material due to its highest light output and peak/plateau ratio. To determine the optimum diameter of BCF-12, we have measured scintillating lights according to the energy losses of proton beams in a water phantom. Also, we determined the adequate length of organic scintillator by measuring scintillating lights according to the incident angles of proton beam. Using an optimized fiber-optic dosimeter, we have measured scintillating lights according to the dose rates and monitor units of proton accelerator.
Light ; Optical Fibers ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Proton Therapy ; Protons ; Water

PURPOSE: To measure retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) volume in normal children using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: This study included 79 eyes of 54 normal children between 4 and 15 years of age evaluated from February 2012 to November 2012. All participants underwent ocular examination and 3D-disc scanning using SD-OCT. RNFL volume was calculated between 2.5 and 5 mm diameter circles using the length, width, and height of each pixel derived from the RNFL thickness map with Matlab software. The relationship between RNFL volume and thickness was analyzed. RESULTS: The RNFL volumes of the mean total, superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal areas were 1.48 ± 0.09 mm3, 0.45 ± 0.04 mm3, 0.29 ± 0.04 mm3, 0.46 ± 0.03 mm3, and 0.29 ± 0.04 mm3, respectively. Comparing RNFL volume and conventional circumpapillary RNFL thickness measured using built-in software, a strong correlation between mean total, superior, and inferior areas (R = 0.980, 0.953 and 0.932, respectively) and a moderate correlation between the nasal and temporal areas were observed (R = 0.545 and 0.514, respectively). The negative correlations between RNFL thickness and RNFL volumes of the mean total, superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal areas and age were not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study reports RNFL volume measured from RNFL thickness map analysis in normal children. These data regarding RNFL volume of normal children may provide useful information for diagnosis and monitoring of pediatric glaucoma.
Child* ; Diagnosis ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Tomography, Optical Coherence*

PURPOSE: To compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by time domain (Stratus) and spectral domain (3D) optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: Sixty-nine normal subjects and 92 glaucoma patients were included in the present study. Peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured with Stratus fast RNFL scan and 3D optic disc cube scan on the same day. The relationship between RNFL thickness measurements of the two OCTs were evaluated using a Pearson's correlation analysis. A Bland-Altman plot was used for the comparison of Stratus-OCT and 3D-OCT. RESULTS: In all subjects, average, superior, and inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses measured by Stratus-OCT were thicker than those measured by 3D-OCT. In contrast, temporal and nasal quadrant RNFL thicknesses measured by 3D-OCT were thicker than those measured by Stratus-OCT. Although there were absolute value differences in RNFL thicknesses, high correlation was observed between Stratus-OCT and 3D-OCT (average: r = 0.897, temporal quadrant: r = 0.728, superior quadrant: r = 0.811, nasal quadrant: r = 0.678, and inferior quadrant: r = 0.905). Bland-Altman plots showed that Stratus-OCT values were greater than 3D-OCT values with relatively high RNFL thickness and the opposite with low RNFL thickness. CONCLUSIONS: For thicker RNFL, Stratus-OCT measurements tend to be greater than 3D-OCT, while for thinner RNFL, 3D-OCT measurements tend to be greater than Stratus-OCT. This difference must be taken into account if comparing measurements made with a Stratus-OCT to the measurements of a 3D-OCT.
Glaucoma ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: To investigate whether there is a difference in ON- and OFF-responses of the photopic electroretinogram (ERG) in glaucomatous eyes. METHODS: Photopic ERG and optical coherence tomography were performed in 15 normal, 13 glaucoma suspect, and 22 glaucoma subjects. Amplitudes and implicit times for a, b, d, i, photopic negative response (PhNR), and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were compared among the three groups. RESULTS: The PhNROFF amplitude (microV) was 19.05 +/- 11.41 in the glaucoma group, 14.24 +/- 10.37 in the glaucoma suspect group, and 2.69 +/- 12.16 in the normal group, demonstrating a significant difference among the three groups (p < 0.01). The PhNRON amplitude (microV) was 20.15 +/- 13.99 in the glaucoma group, 31.49 +/- 17.09 in the glaucoma suspect group, and 37.59 +/- 9.53 in the normal group, a significant difference (p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the three groups. The ON-OFF response PhNR amplitude was correlated with retinal nerve fiber thickness (r = 0.481, r = -0.480, respectively), and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.782, and 0.718, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is a potential role for the ON-OFF response PhNR in early detection of glaucomatous damage.
Glaucoma ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; ROC Curve ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: We investigated the correlation of automatic visual field test and Retinal Nerve Fiber (RNFL) thickness measured by OCT and examined the presence of RNFL thickness decrease in the apparently normal hemifield in glaucomatous eyes. METHODS: 52 Normal subjects and 41 glaucomatous eyes were included. Statistical correlation between the sum of total deviation in 37 stimulus of each hemifield and RNFL thickness decrease rate was evaluated. Statistical dfference between the RNFL thickness of the apparently normal hemifield in glaucomatous eyes and the RNFL thickness of corresponding hemifield in normal subjects was also evaluated. RESULTS: There was statistically significant correlation of Total deviation (TD) sum and RNFL thickness decrease rate (p<0.01). There was no significant decrease of RNFL thickness in the apparently normal hemifield (p>0.1). CONCLUSION: RNFL thickness measured by OCT showed significant correlation with sum of TD of automatic visual field test. There was no decrease of RNFL thickness in the apparently normal hemifield in glaucomatous eyes.
Nerve Fibers* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Tomography, Optical Coherence* ; Visual Field Tests*

PURPOSE: To identify factors associated with variability in measures obtained by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: One hundred ninety-six subjects (370 eyes) with no ophthalmic evidence of retinopathy and with corrected visual acuities better than 0.6 were included. Macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were measured using SD-OCT and were analyzed according to sex, laterality, age, spherical equivalent and signal strength. RESULTS: The central subfield thickness was significantly lower in the female subjects (r = -0.260, p = 0.000). As age increased, average inner and outer macular thickness increased significantly (r = 0.153, p = 0.010; r = 0.193, p = 0.001). Spherical equivalent correlated negatively with central subfield thickness (r = -0.352, p = 0.000) but correlated positively with average inner macular thickness, average outer macular thickness, overall average thickness, overall macular volume, and average RNFL thickness (r = 0.181, p = 0.002; r = 0.287, p = 0.000; r = 0.346, p = 0.000; r = 0.341, p = 0.000; and r = 0.261, p = 0.000, respectively). Signal strength correlated negatively with average inner macular thickness (r = -0.136, p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: SD-OCT shows that retinal thickness is related to age, sex, spherical equivalent and signal strength. Analysis of retinal thickness by SD-OCT should be interpreted in the context of these findings.
Female ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity