Coloboma ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Optic Nerve ; abnormalities

Thyroid ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune disease that affect the orbital and periorbital soft tissue, characterized by bulging eye (exophthalmos) and compressed orbital structures, such as the optic nerves. The indications for surgical treatment for thyroid ophthalmopathy include decreased visual acuity caused by optic neuropathy, conjunctivitis and progressive facial deformity caused by exophthalmos. Orbital wall decompression by nasal endoscopy resulte in good cosmetic effects and visual recovery. Balanced orbital decompression is considered to be a safe and effective surgery that can help avoid postoperative diplopia. We introduce three successful cases of orbital wall decompression for the treatment of thyroid ophthalmopathy.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Conjunctivitis ; Decompression ; Diplopia ; Endoscopy ; Exophthalmos ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Nerve Diseases ; Orbit ; Thyroid Gland ; Visual Acuity

This report presents a rare example of a bilateral congenital anophthalmos and an agenesis of the optic pathways. The MR imaging studies revealed that the eyeballs, optic nerves, optic chiasm, optic tracts and optic radiation were absent. The chromosomal examination was normal. Mild mental retardation was also observed. Apart from the rarity of the anophthalmos and the total absence of the optic pathways, no etiologic reason for this pathology could be detected, which makes this case more significant.
Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis ; Adult ; Anophthalmos/*complications ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mental Retardation/complications ; Optic Chiasm/abnormalities ; Optic Nerve/abnormalities ; Visual Pathways/*abnormalities/pathology

An 18-year-old man presented with poor vision in both eyes that had been present since birth. Central corneal opacity and inferior peripheral sclerocornea with iridocorneal adhesion were observed upon anterior segment examination of the left eye. A coloboma of the iris was observed in the patient's right eye, which manifested as a small notch in the inferior pupillary margin and cataract. Fundus examination of the right eye showed a large inferior chorioretinal coloboma involving the optic disc and macula. It is essential to examine the fundus in detail, if possible, in cases of Peters' anomaly, because these patients may have congenital anomalies such as chorioretinal coloboma.
*Abnormalities, Multiple ; Adolescent ; Anterior Eye Segment/abnormalities ; Choroid/*abnormalities ; Coloboma/*diagnosis ; Corneal Opacity/*diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eye Abnormalities/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Acoustic ; Optic Nerve/abnormalities ; Retina/*abnormalities

An 18-year-old man presented with poor vision in both eyes that had been present since birth. Central corneal opacity and inferior peripheral sclerocornea with iridocorneal adhesion were observed upon anterior segment examination of the left eye. A coloboma of the iris was observed in the patient's right eye, which manifested as a small notch in the inferior pupillary margin and cataract. Fundus examination of the right eye showed a large inferior chorioretinal coloboma involving the optic disc and macula. It is essential to examine the fundus in detail, if possible, in cases of Peters' anomaly, because these patients may have congenital anomalies such as chorioretinal coloboma.
*Abnormalities, Multiple ; Adolescent ; Anterior Eye Segment/abnormalities ; Choroid/*abnormalities ; Coloboma/*diagnosis ; Corneal Opacity/*diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eye Abnormalities/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Acoustic ; Optic Nerve/abnormalities ; Retina/*abnormalities

In contrast to the literature on the use of hydroxyapatite orbital implants with enucleation, reports of the use of hydroxyapatite implants with evisceration are limited and those that have been published reported high exposure rates. The authors described modified surgical technique of primary evisceration with hydroxyapatite implant and evaluated its effects on cosmetic appearance and the prevention of implant exposure. All 28 consecutive patients underwent evisceration with hydroxyapatite implant between December 1994 and April 1998. To place an appropriate hydroxyapatite implant into the scleral shell without tension we made a saw-tooth shaped large posterior sclerotomy around the optic nerve sparing 6-o`clock position to minimize the inferior displacement of the implant. In cases with very small globes we made 3 to 4 additional radial posterior sclerotomies. During the mean follow-up of 13.5 months, none of the patients experienced complications such as conjunctival erosion, hydroxyapatite exposure, implant extrusion, significant enophthalmos, or superior sulcus deformity. The authors have had good success without major complications using our modified surgical technique for hydroxyapatite orbital implants with evisceration.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Durapatite* ; Enophthalmos ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Optic Nerve ; Orbital Implants

In contrast to the literature on the use of hydroxyapatite orbital implants with enucleation, reports of the use of hydroxyapatite implants with evisceration are limited and those that have been published reported high exposure rates. The authors described modified surgical technique of primary evisceration with hydroxyapatite implant and evaluated its effects on cosmetic appearance and the prevention of implant exposure. All 28 consecutive patients underwent evisceration with hydroxyapatite implant between December 1994 and April 1998. To place an appropriate hydroxyapatite implant into the scleral shell without tension we made a saw-tooth shaped large posterior sclerotomy around the optic nerve sparing 6-o`clock position to minimize the inferior displacement of the implant. In cases with very small globes we made 3 to 4 additional radial posterior sclerotomies. During the mean follow-up of 13.5 months, none of the patients experienced complications such as conjunctival erosion, hydroxyapatite exposure, implant extrusion, significant enophthalmos, or superior sulcus deformity. The authors have had good success without major complications using our modified surgical technique for hydroxyapatite orbital implants with evisceration.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Durapatite* ; Enophthalmos ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Optic Nerve ; Orbital Implants

Optic sheath meningioma arises from the arachnoid "cap" cell of optic nerve sheath and comprises most of primary orbital meningioma. It usually brings early visual loss, papilledema, and proptosis. The authors expericenced a case of intraorbital optic sheath meningioma associated with a small skull hemangioma in the right parietal area, who presented only mild visual disturbance. The meningioma was removed transcranially without visual or cosmetic deformities except transient ptosis.
Arachnoid ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Exophthalmos ; Hemangioma* ; Meningioma* ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit ; Papilledema ; Rabeprazole ; Skull*

Until now, there has been many papers about orbital blow-out fracture, but reports regarding the treatment and the prognosis of fractures located in the posterior portion of the orbital floor have been limited. The most common fracture site of the orbital floor is the medial portion of the infraorbital groove and repairing of the floor fracture located in the anterior portion of the floor is relative easy and has minimal complications. But when the fracture is located in the posterior portion of the floor, the possibility of the optic nerve injury is anticipated by surgical manipulation itself and the implanted silastic sheet Authors reconstructed posterior portion of the orbital floor fracture through conjunctival approach combined with Caldwell-Luc procedure in 5 patients, confirmed posterior orbital floor fracture on CT scan from July 1993 to November 1994. The results were satisfactory with no residual diplopia. Complications including prolonged maxillary sinusitis and lateral canthal deformity were encountered in each patient, but cured with ENT treatment and lateral canthoplasty. In reconstruction of orbital floor fracture, Caldwell-Luc approach was seldom used because of several reasons including the poor predictability, bleeding problrm, and the high incidence of sinus infection. But recently, Caldwell-Luc approach is reanimated by some endoscopic surgeons because of good visualization and less traumatic. In case of posterior floor fracture, our surgical method can reduce the possibility of injury to optic nerve and vital tissues around the orbital apex in spite of enlarging surgical field.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Diplopia ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Maxillary Sinus ; Maxillary Sinusitis ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Nerve Injuries ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures* ; Prognosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A 59-year-old woman was referred to our clinic for a glaucoma evaluation. The visual acuity and intraocular pressure were normal in both eyes. However, red-free fundus photography in the left eye showed a superotemporal wedge-shaped retinal nerve fiber layer defect, and visual field testing showed a corresponding partial arcuate scotoma. In an optical coherence tomography examination, the macula was flat, but an arcuate-shaped peripapillary retinoschisis was found. Further, the retinoschisis seemed to be connected with a superotemporal optic pit shown in a disc photograph. After 3 months of a topical prostaglandin analogue medication, the intraocular pressure in the retinoschisis eye was lowered from 14 to 10 mmHg and the peripapillary retinoschisis was almost resolved. We report a rare case of an optic disc pit with peripapillary retinoschisis presenting as a localized retinal nerve fiber layer defect.
Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Fibers/*pathology ; Optic Disk/*abnormalities/*pathology ; Optic Nerve Diseases/*diagnosis ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*pathology ; Retinoschisis/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Tomography, Optical Coherence