To compare the effect of centrally aligned image acquisitions with that of roughly centered image acquisitions on the reproducibility of topographic parameters obtained with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph. three optic nerve head images were acquired sequentially by the rough centration of live image on the monitor, after then another three images sequentially by the central alignment in five healthy eyes of five subjects. For the centrally aligned image acquisitions, the contour of the frozen live optic nerve head image of each eye was copied into the transparent film. The images were acquired when the margin of live image fitted the contour line on the film. The reliability coefficients of the parameters ranged from 59.4% to 98.2% by the rough centration and 89.7% to 98.7% by the the central alignment. The results indicate that centrally aligned image acquisition provide highly reproducible topographic data of optic nerve head.
Optic Disk* ; Optic Nerve* ; Retina*

No abstract available.
Granuloma ; Optic Disk ; Optic Nerve ; Sarcoidosis

We analysed the optic nerve head of 151 normal eyes with 8 confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (TopSSTM, Laser Diagnostic Technologies, Inc.), and obtained the normal values of each parameters. As the optic disc size increases, the cup shape, effective area, 1/2 depth area, C/D ratio, neuroretinal rim area, volume above, volume below, and 1/2 depth volume also increase. Therefore we obtained the normal values of these parameters according to the optic disc size. The entire subjects were divided into four groups according to the disc area, each group of 1. 5mm2-2.0mm2, 2.0mm2-2.5mm2, 2.5mm2-3.0mm2, and 3.0mm2-3.5mm2`, respectively. The normal values of other parameters such as contour variation, rnean contour depth, average depth, maximum depth, average slope, and maximum slope which are not affected by optic disc size were obtained without grouping. This may minimize the error in evaluating the optic disc parameters and may be useful in the early detection of glaucomatous optic disc changes.
Ophthalmoscopes ; Optic Disk ; Reference Values*

No abstract available.
Glaucoma* ; Optic Disk ; Visual Fields

BACKGROUND: Optic disc drusen, which are calcified deposits that form anterior to the lamina cribrosa in the optic nerve, may mimic papilledema. CASE REPORT: We report herein three cases referred to us with suspicion of disc swelling and papilledema. Following ophthalmologic evaluation with B-scan ultrasound, red-free fundus photography, and computed tomography, the diagnosis of papilledema was excluded in all cases and optic disc drusen was diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical suspicion of optic disc drusen in cases presenting with swelling of the optic nerve head is important in order to avoid unnecessary interventions and anxiety. The reported cases highlight the commonly encountered clinical presentations and the practical aspects of diagnosis and management of optic disc drusen.
Anxiety ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hydrazines ; Optic Disk ; Optic Disk Drusen ; Optic Nerve ; Papilledema ; Photography

To identify the pattern of glaucomatous changes of the optic disc, the rim area to disc area ratio (RA/DA ratio) of 149 eyes (149 cases) with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) were measured and compared with that of 88 eyes (88 cases) of normal individuals. At all stages of the disease, glaucomatous rim loss was present in all sectors of the optic disc. The location of the most pronounced rim loss changed depending on the severity of the disease. In the early (RA/DA ratio > 61%; mean deviation(MD): -6.43+/-3.32dB) and medium (RA/DA ratio=41~60%; MD: -7.54+/-5.65dB) glaucoma subgroups, rim loss was found predominantly at the inferior temporal and superior temporal disc region. In the advanced glaucoma subgroup (RA/DA ratio=40~21%; MD: -18.27+/-8.40dB), the temporal horizontal disc region showed relatively marked rim loss. In the far advanced glaucoma subgroup (RA/DA ratio=20~0%; MD: -25.91+/-5.40dB), the rim remnants were located mainly in the nasal disc sector, with a larger rim portion in the upper nasal region than in the lower nasal region. These results indicate that generally in POAG, the loss of neuroretinal rim was found to start predominantly in the inferior temporal and superior temporal disc region, and then the temporal horizontal, the inferior nasal, and the superior nasal disc sectors followed.
Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle* ; Optic Disk

The second phase of this study was performed with the same procedures as the first phase, and the study population was limited to young recruits in the Army. After examination of 1028 normal eyegrounds, it became apparent that there are several definite and easily recognizable variations in the distribution of the vessels as they emerge from the optic nerve head. The classification is made by dividing the surface of the nerve head into four quadrants, Le., tbe upper and lower nasal and the upper and lower temporal. Since there are four main branches of the retinal artery, namely, the superior and inferior temporal and tbe superior and inferior nasal, there are nine possible variation in the distribution of these vessels over the surface of the optic nerve head.
Classification* ; Head ; Optic Disk* ; Retinal Artery*

The first phase of this study was limited to the relation of the retinal arteries to the quadrants of the optic disk. After examination of hundreds of normal eyegrounds, it became apparent that there are several definite and easily recognizable variations in the distribution of the vessels as they emerge from the optic nerve head. The classification is made by dividing the surface of the nerve head into four quadrants, i.e., the upper and lower nasal and the upper and lower temporal. Since there are four main branches of the retinal artery, namely, the superior and inferior temporal and the superior and inferior nasal, there are nine possible variations in the distribution of these vessels over the surface of the optic nerve head.
Classification* ; Head ; Optic Disk* ; Retinal Artery*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the thickness of RNFL and optic nerve head parameters with age in normal eyes using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: A total of 128 normal Korean volunteers in different age groups were recruited (age range, 20-70 years). RESULTS: A significant negative correlation in average RNFL thickness with increasing age was found. The inferior areas (130.31 +/- 3.33 micrometer) were significantly thicker than other areas (superior area 119.05 +/- 2.12 micrometer, nasal area 71.80 +/- 0.57 micrometer, temporal area 77.72 +/- 0.16 micrometer). The average C/D ratios (mean 0.38 +/- 0.14) and vertical C/D ratios (mean 0.35 +/- 0.11) both showed significant increases with age, and the vertical C/D ratio correlation coefficient was higher (average C/D ratio r = 0.249, vertical C/D ratio r = 0.537). However, rim area, disc area, and cup volume were not correlated with age. CONCLUSIONS: From these findings, we conclude that, in normal Koreans, the mean RNFL thickness decreases and the C/D ratio increases with age, with the increase in the vertical C/D ratio being greater.
Eye ; Humans ; Optic Disk ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: In this study we determined the correlation of axial length to lamina cribrosa thickness (LCT), prelaminar tissue thickness (PT), and anterior laminar displacement (ALD) in young healthy eyes. METHODS: The optic discs of 60 eyes from 30 young healthy subjects with myopia were scanned using enhanced-depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). The LCT, PT, and ALD were measured at the superior midperipheral, middle, and inferior midperipheral of the optic nerve head, respectively. A linear mixed-effects model was used to determine the relationship between the axial length and the LCT, axial length and PT as well as axial length and ALD. RESULTS: The mean, superior midperipheral, and middle LCT were not significantly correlated with axial length. Conversely, the inferior midperipheral LCT was negatively correlated with axial length (p = 0.019, beta = -7.34). There was no significant association between axial length and PT. Mean ALD was negatively correlated with axial length (p = 0.022, beta = -17.17). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the inferior midperipheral LCT and mean ALD were negatively correlated with axial length, but PT showed no significant association with axial length.
Myopia ; Optic Disk ; Tomography, Optical Coherence