The development of traumatology and orthopedic profession based on the advancements of modern equipment of imaging diagnosis. The microsurgery has been applied and gave many good outcomes. The laparoscopic articular surgery can diagnose and reconstruct and regenerate many intraarticular lesions that not require the articular open. The expanded and stretched bone filling and compression can reconstruct the major bone defect without bone transplantation. The close bone filling helped easy and rapid healing and had less risk of infection
Opportunistic Infections ; Candidiasis

A retrospective study on 11 adult patients with HIV/AIDS in the Institute of Clinical Medicine and Tropical Disease during 1998 - 2000 has shown that average ages of patients was 26.486.68, patients with ages of 16-30 accounted for highest rate (72.5%), male patients accounted for 94.6%. HIV transmission among drug addicts was highest rate (62.2%). Rate of unemployment patients was 47.7%. The average duration of treatment within 15 days found in 73.9% of patients. The clinical feature included fever (65.8%), big nodules, cough and breathing difficulty (42.3%), weight loss (30.6%), skin and mucosal lesion (27%), diarrhea (25.2%), hepatomegaly (20.7%), throat fungus (19.8%), splenomegaly (10.8%), headache (10.8%), the opportunistic infections such as herpes zoster, dermatitis, tuberculosis.
Opportunistic Infections ; HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; diagnosis

There are 275 cases of AIDS in HuÕ during 1995 -1996 and in France during 1997 -1998 were studied. Results: the climate condition and population in two cities are the same. But the social development and environment are different. Therefore, the disease model of opportunity infection of poor city in developing country is different from this of developed city. The opportunity infections in HuÕ mainly are respiratory infection, in which tuberculosis: 50% where as these in BREST is various.
Infection ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Opportunistic Infections

Cryptococcosis is a systemic opportunistic infection mostly occurred in immunosuppressed patients. Pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent host is usually localized and self-limiting disease. Pulmonary nodule or mass is the most common radiologic finding, however involvement of mediastinal lymph nodes is rare. Here we report a case of pulmonary cryptococcosis with massive mediastinal lymph nodes involvement in immunocompetent host.
Cryptococcosis* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Opportunistic Infections ; Pneumonia

Pulmonary mucormycosis is an opportunistic infection manifested by a fatal angioinvasive fungal pneumonia in immunocompromised patients or those suffering from uncontrolled diabetes. The radiologic findings are nonspecific, but there have been several reports of cases of pulmonary mucormycosis in which characteristic endobronchial lesions were present, with a more indolent clinical course in diabetic patients. We describe a case of pulmonary mucormycosis in a diabetic patient in whom endobronchial involvement was apparent.
Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Mucormycosis* ; Opportunistic Infections ; Pneumonia

2 patients with end stage HIV infection and many opportunity diseases. The first patient infected candida albica in esophagus that well responded to fluconazole. The second patients suffered the interstitial pneumonia that well responded to high dose of Bactrim. The opportunistic bacterial infections covered the infection of penicillinum marneffei
HIV Infections ; Candida albicans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Opportunistic Infections

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection is prevalent in many areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Seropositivity rates reach 10-15% in urban adults, 21% in critically ill adults and 30% in surgical inpatients aged 21-40 years. AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is a multisystem disease which presents to the surgeon with a wide range of pathologies including Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphadenopathy and sepsis. The more common sites for sepsis are the female genital tract, anorectum, pleural cavity, soft tissues (necrotizing fasciitis) and bone and joints. To prevent iatrogenic HIV infection more use should be made of autologous blood. Occupational exposure to HIV infection can be minimized by double-gloving, protecting the eyes when operating and ensuring that theatre gowns are waterproof. The risk of HIV infection from a needlestick injury is 0.4%. Although contact with blood during a surgical procedure is common, the risk is lower than for a hollow needlestick injury. PIP: In Zambia, 10-15% of urban adults are reported HIV positive, as are over 80% of prostitutes. The HIV seroprevalence rate in a Lusaka hospital's intensive care unit was 21% (27% for surgical and 18% for trauma admissions). HIV-infected patients could be clinically recognized by risk factors or symptoms and signs: weight loss, chronic cough, chronic diarrhea, sepsis, septic arthritis, subacute hematogenous osteomyelitis, a history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), death of a spouse or of a child under age 2, recent pregnancy unable to go to term, poor quality or thin hair, appearance of aging beyond years, mental slowness, persistent or unexplained fever, lymphadenopathy, aggressive atypical Kaposi's sarcoma, oral thrush, hairy leukoplakia of the tongue, shingles scars, and scars of maculopapular dermatitis. Common sites for HIV-related sepsis are the female genital tract, anorectum, pleural cavity, soft tissues (e.g., necrotizing fascitis), and bone and joints. Autologous blood transfusion and use of donor blood screened for HIV antibodies, preferably limited to emergencies, would reduce the likelihood of iatrogenic HIV transmission. Surgeons should wear two pairs of gloves, a waterproof gown, and goggles to protect themselves from HIV transmission. If they have skin rashes, cuts, or abrasions on the hands or arms, they should not perform operations. Proper cleaning and disinfection of endoscopes are required. The risk of infection from a needle stick is small ( 0.4%).
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections - epidemiology, Adult, HIV Infections - epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Candida species are one ol the major pathogens causing opportunistic infection. The need for a standardized. and clinically relevant method for antifungal susceptibility testing has become more increased because resistance to antifungal agents is now being reported with increasing frequency. The purposes of this study were to measure the minimal inhibitory concentrations actions amphotericin B, flucytosine and fluconazole of clinical isolates of Candida species, and to evaluate broth microdilution method as a more efficient test method, compared with NCCLS standard broth macrodilution. METHODS: The minlmal Inhibitory concentrations of C. parapsilosis ATCC 90018, C, albicans ATCC 90028 and 32 Candida isolates from Korea University Hospital were evaluated against amphotericin B, flucytosine and fluconazole by broth macrodilution and microdilution methods. RESULTS: The minimal inhibitory concentrations of Candida species ranged 0.25 to 1.0 microgram/mL for amphotericin B, 0.125 to 2.0 microgram/mL for flucytosine and 0.125 to 64 microgram/mL for fluconazole. The percent of agreement between NCCLS standard broth macrodilution and microdilution was highest when inoculum size was 0.5-2.5x103 CFU/mL and incubation time was 48 hours, and one fold dilution agreement was 100% for amphotericin B, 100% for flucytosine and 88-96% for fluconazole. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed good agreement of results of broth microdilution test with those of macrodilution, and suggested that broth microdilution method is an accessible and useful method and can be substituted for broth macrodilutlon method with the expectation of good results.
Amphotericin B ; Antifungal Agents ; Candida* ; Fluconazole ; Flucytosine ; Korea ; Opportunistic Infections

39 cases of HIV/AIDS infection with opportunistic infections in lung were treated in the Institute of Clinical Tropical Diseases at Bach Mai Hospital during 2001-2002 period. The investigation showed the most acquired group was very young from 15 to 30 years old, male was more than female. The wat od transimission was mainly intravenous drug injection, then the prostitution. Among opportunistic infections, tuberculosis account for 30.8%, other causes 69.2%, number of T CD4 <200 cells/mm3 in 89.7% of studied cases. Serum activity LDH increased in 92.3% of cases, including 12.8% of cases with serum LDH activity > 2000 UI/l at 37oC. There is a negative correlation of the T CD4 number and serum LDH activity in HIV?AIDS infected subjects with opportunistic lung infections
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Lung ; serum ; Opportunistic Infections

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) causes a life-threatening opportunistic infection. Despite its clinical importance, very few therapeutic drugs against T. gondii are available. Furthermore, these therapeutic regimens are not always suitable for prolonged treatment due to adverse side effects as well as the potential of clinical failure by selecting drug-resistant parasite variants. Dictamnus dasycarpus is known to have many medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-fever, and anti-rheumatic activities. In this study, 70% ethanol extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus showed anti-T. gondii effects. Ethanolic extracts of Dictamnus dasycarpus used to treat T. gondii were tested in vitro for their anti-T. gondii activity and cytotoxicity. The selectivity of Dictamnus dasycarpus extract was 7.52, which was higher than that of Sulfadiazine (2.08). We conducted an in vivo animal test to evaluate the anti-T. gondii activity of Dictamnus dasycarpus extract as compared with that of Sulfadiazine. In T. gondii-infected mice, the inhibition rate of Dictamnus dasycarpus extract was high, similar to that of Sulfadiazine. This indicates that Dictamnus dasycarpus extract may be a source of new anti-T. gondii compounds.
Animals ; Dictamnus* ; Ethanol ; Mice ; Opportunistic Infections ; Parasites ; Sulfadiazine ; Toxoplasma* ; Toxoplasmosis