In order to confirm whether the migrating larvae of parasites could carry pathogenic organisms into liver and cause hepatitis, a series of experiments has been carried out. The summary of the results is as follows: 1. Clonorchis sinensis A few of the excysted larvae of Clonorchis sinensis penetrated into the peritoneal cavity, but they could not penetrate the liver tissues. The artificially introduced Clonorchis sinensis in the tissues were all destroyed within 3-5 days. There was no manifestation of diffuse inflammatory changes due to the inoculation of the parasites, though the sampled micro-organisms, Staphylococcus aureus, were confirmed from the surrounding area. 2. Hookworm The larvae carried pathogenic organisms to liver tissues either by cutaneous or oral infection, but there was no manifestation of hepatitis due to the micro-organisms: In conclusion, it is indicated that liverfluke and hookworm may transmit pathogenic organisms to the liver during their migration.
Ancylostoma/*physiology ; Animals ; Larva/physiology ; Liver Diseases, Parasitic/*etiology ; Male ; Mice ; Opisthorchis/*physiology ; Rabbits ; Staphylococcus/*growth & development ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/growth & development

Opisthorchis viverrini infection causes inflammation and liver injury leading to periductal fibrosis. Little is known about the pathological alterations in bile canaliculi in opisthorchiasis. This study aimed to investigate bile canalicular alterations in O. viverrini-infected hamsters and to examine the chemopreventive effects of curcumin on such changes. Hamsters were infected with O. viverrini and one group of animals was fed with 1% dietary curcumin supplement. Animals were examined during the acute infection phase, days 21 and 30 post-infection (PI) and chronic infection phase (day 90 PI). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that in the infected group fed with a normal diet, bile canaliculi became slightly tortuous by 30 day PI and more tortuous at day 90 PI. Transmission electron microscopy showed a reduction in microvilli density of canaliculi starting at day 30 PI, with a marked loss of microvilli at day 90 PI. These ultrastructral changes were slightly seen at day 21 PI, which was similar to that found in infected animals fed with 1% curcumin-supplemented diet. Notably, curcumin treatment prevented the reduction of microvilli density, reduced the dilation of bile canaliculi, and decreased the tortuosity of the bile canaliculi relative to non-infected animals on a normal diet at days 30 and 90 PI. These results suggest that curcumin reduces alteration of bile canaliculi and may be a promising agent to prevent the onset of bile duct abnormalities induced by O. viverrini infection.
Animals ; Anthelmintics/*administration & dosage ; Bile Canaliculi/*pathology/ultrastructure ; Chemoprevention/methods ; Cricetinae ; Curcumin/*administration & dosage ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electrons ; Liver/pathology/ultrastructure ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Opisthorchiasis/parasitology/*pathology/*prevention & control ; Opisthorchis/*growth & development