Tubo-ovarian abscess in pregnancy is extremely rare. Its occurrence increases the maternal and fetal morbidities and mortalities. The clinical presentation is variable ranging from asymptomatic abscess to diffuse peritonitis. In this report, we present a rare case of tubo-ovarian abscess complicating a pregnancy on its 6 weeks and 5 days age of gestation. The patient presented with frank peritonitis. Internal examination revealed uterine, adnexal and cervical tenderness with no masses palpated. A laparotomy was done and intra-operative findings showed an 8 x 4 cm-sized, right, ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess with purulent contamination of the whole pelvic cavity. Right salpingooophorectomy was performed and parenteral antibiotics were given. The pregnancy was eventually carried to term and the patient delivered by repeat low segment cesarean section without fetal and maternal complications.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Abscess ; Oophoritis ; Salpingitis ; Abdominal Abscess

A case of xanthogranulomatous oophoritis is presented in a patient who had a 3-month history of intrapelvic mass protruding into the vagina. The sonographic findings are a well defined mass shadowing lower echogenicity than the echo of the uterus at the posteosuperior aspect of the uterus. The CT findings are an enhancing solid mass with central necrosis containing a multiseptated cystic component.
Female ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Oophoritis* ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Ultrasonography ; Uterus ; Vagina

Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis is uncommon forms of chronic granulomatous inflammation in the female genital tract. It is characterized by the presence of foamy histiocytes with admixed lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils. We describe a case of xanthogranulomatous oophoritis in a 75-year-old woman, which was misdiagnosed as uterine sarcoma preoperatively.
Aged ; Female ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lymphocytes ; Neutrophils ; Oophoritis* ; Ovary ; Plasma Cells ; Sarcoma

Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis is uncommon forms of chronic granulomatous inflammation in the female genital tract. It is characterized by the presence of foamy histiocytes with admixed lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils. We describe a case of xanthogranulomatous oophoritis in a 75-year-old woman, which was misdiagnosed as uterine sarcoma preoperatively.
Aged ; Female ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lymphocytes ; Neutrophils ; Oophoritis* ; Ovary ; Plasma Cells ; Sarcoma

A case is described of an autoimmune oophoritis that was diagnosed unexpectedly after a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy had been performed on the suspicion of ovarian cysts. The patient was a 43-year-old multiparous woman who presented with vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain which she had had for one month. Grossly, the ovaries were enlarged and multicystic. The cysts measured up to 3.0 cm. The major histological change was a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in close relation to the theca interna of developing, cystic and atretic follicles, but sparing the primordial follicles. The infiltrate increased in density with the follicular maturation and culminated against the corpus luteum. With involution of the developing follicles, the inflammatory infiltrate subsided to some extent. The proportion of the plasma cells increased with the density of the infiltrates. Immunohistochemical study of the ovarian mononuclear cell infiltrate revealed a mixture of B- and T-lymphocytes. The plasma cells were polyclonal. These histological features of the present case are typical of autoimmune oophoritis although the presence of autoantibodies and hormonal level in the patient's serum were unknown. This case may be identified as in the early active stage of autoimmune oophoritis.
Adult ; Autoimmune Diseases/*pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Oophoritis/immunology/*pathology ; Ovary/pathology

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the predictors for treatment failure of medical management among admitted female patients diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease with tubo-ovarian abscess. METHODS: This was a retrospective nested case-control study, using chart review of all cases of pelvic inflammatory disease with tubo-ovarian abscess/complex (N = 49) admitted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Philippine General Hospital from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018. RESULTS: Medical treatment failure was observed to be significantly higher (51.9%) among patients 40 years old and above as compared to patients less than 40 years old (13.6%). The risk of patients ≥40 years for failed management was 14x higher than those <40 years old (OR=14.00; 95% CI=1.06 to 185.5;p=0.04). The failed management group has significantly higher TOA size of 7.8 (7.8 ± 1.6) as compared to only 5.8 (5.8 ± 1.4) for medical treatment alone group. Correspondingly, those who failed have a significantly bigger volume of 120.4 ml (120.4 ± 84.5) as compared to only 55.2 ml (55.2 ± 40.6) for medical treatment alone group. Other predictive factors such as parity, admitting White blood cell count(WBC), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and neutrophil-lymphocytic ratio(NLR) were all not significant. CONCLUSION: Tubo-ovarian abscess size of more than or equal to 7 cm, or a volume of more than or equal to 120 ml and advanced age of >40 were all predictive of failed response to medical treatment. Early recognition and intervention whether surgery or drainage may be beneficial to reduce morbidity and long-term sequelae of PID.
C-Reactive Protein ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; Abscess ; Neutrophils ; Oophoritis ; Salpingitis ; Abdominal Abscess ; Lymphocytes

OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics of a mumps epidemic in Cheju-do, 1998 and to identify the risk factors associated with mumps infection. METHODS: To estimate attack rate, previously collected data from the Nationally Notifiable Communicable Disease Reporting System and School Health Reporting System, temporarily administered by Division of Education, as well as additional surveillance data were used. In order to identify the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with mumps, we conducted a questionnaire survey in 17 schools (9 elementary, 4 middle, and 4 high schools) among a population that included healthy students. RESULTS: From March 3 to August 31, 2,195 cases of mumps were identified, and patients under 20 years of age accounted for 2,162 cases (attack rate 13.2, 95% CI 12.6-13.7/1,000). The attack rate for the population under 20 years of age was the highest in Nam county (44.7/1,000), and in the 7-12 years old sub-group(>20.0/1,000). There was no sexual difference. 80.9% and 59.7% of patients presented periauricular and submandibular swelling respectively. Aseptic meningitis was a complication in 2.9% of cases, orchitis in 1.3%, epididymitis in 0.9% and oophoritis in 0.6% respectively. The overall MMR vaccination rate was 59.1% and it decreased in accordance with increasing age. In students aged 10 years old or below, household contact and MMR vaccination status was significantly associated with infection, and only among students with household contact, the risk of one dose MMR(OR=10.22, 95% CI 2.92-35.78) and non-vaccination (OR=11.62, 95% CI 1.96-68.96) was significantly greater when compared with that of two dose vaccination. Among students aged 11 years old or above, household contact history was significantly associated and MMR vaccination status was not associated. CONCLUSIONS: Low vaccination rate and vaccine failure were thought to predispose the population for this large outbreak. To prevent sustained mumps outbreaks, a second MMR vaccination should be encouraged and catch up vaccinations should be given to elderly children who remain susceptible.
Aged ; Child ; Communicable Diseases ; Disease Outbreaks ; Education ; Epididymitis ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Jeju-do* ; Male ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Mumps* ; Oophoritis ; Orchitis ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; School Health Services ; Vaccination

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is an uncommon form of chronic granulomatous inflammation that is characterized by the presence of lipid-filled histiocytes with lymphocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils. It is best known to occur in the kidney. Other organs in which xanthogranulomatous inflammation has been reported are the gallbladder, stomach, anorectal area, bone, urinary bladder, testis, epididymis and female genital tract. Only a few cases of xanthogranulomatous oophoritis have been reported to date. Infection has been thought to be the main etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of xanthogranulomatous lesion. The pathogenesis of xanthogranulomatous inflammation remains still unclear. Other proposed causes are abnormality in lipid metabolism, endometriosis and ineffective clearance of bacteria by phagocytes. We describe a case of a xanthogranulomatous oophoritis in a 23-year-old virgin which associates with hemorrhagic ovarian cyst and minimal association of pelvic inflammatory disease.
Bacteria ; Endometriosis ; Epididymis ; Female ; Gallbladder ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Kidney ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Neutrophils ; Oophoritis* ; Ovarian Cysts ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; Phagocytes ; Plasma Cells ; Stomach ; Testis ; Urinary Bladder ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is based on clinical history and examination; however, it may be difficult to distinguish from other disease entities. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is a useful radiologic modality, which can be performed in an emergency department (ED). The aim of the current study was to clarify the MDCT characteristics of clinically severe PID by comparison of patients with clinically more severe and less severe forms of PID. In addition, we evaluated the independent predictors of MDCT findings in the severe PID group. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of female patients with symptoms and signs of PID who visited the ED at our institution during a five-year period. Patients who underwent abdominal MDCT and were diagnosed with PID were retrospectively enrolled in the study. For determination of CT characteristics, each patient was evaluated for pelvic edema, amount of ascites, Hounsfield units (HU) of ascites, salpingitis, oophoritis, intrauterine devices, peritoneal fat infiltration, cervicitis, abnormal endometrial enhancement, tubo-ovarian abscess, adjacent bowel wall thickening, localized ileus, and perihepatitis. Patients were divided into two groups: clinically more severe and less severe forms of PID. Patients having the clinically more severe form of PID were defined as follows: (1) initial body temperature over 38.3degrees C, (2) initial systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, (3) intractable abdominal pain, or (4) uncontrollable nausea or vomiting despite medication. We compared data between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 136 patients were enrolled in this study. Thirty eight patients had the clinically more severe form (28%) and 98 patients had the less severe form (72%). In comparison with subjects in the group having the less severe form, the amount of ascites (p<0.001), salpingitis (p<0.05), and tubo-ovarian abscess (p<0.01) differed statistically between the groups. The HU value of ascites in the more severe group, 19.56+/-11.14 HU, was significantly greater, compared with that of the group having the less severe form. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed an association of the amount of ascites, a high HU value, and atubo-ovarian abscess with increased odds of the more severe form (adjusted OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.01-10.45; adjusted OR 5.84, 95% CI 1.80-18.95; and adjusted OR 8.42, 95% CI 1.73-40.96, respectively). CONCLUSION: Patients with clinically more severe PID show more clinically important findings on MDCT, such as a greater amount of ascites, higher HU value of ascites, and tubo-ovarian abscess. Leukocytosis, increased neutrophil percentage, and elevated CRP were observed in patients with severe PID.
Abdominal Pain ; Abscess ; Ascites ; Blood Pressure ; Body Temperature ; Edema ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Ileus ; Intrauterine Devices ; Leukocytosis ; Logistic Models ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Nausea ; Neutrophils ; Oophoritis ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; Pelvic Pain ; Retrospective Studies ; Salpingitis ; Uterine Cervicitis ; Vomiting

Opinions on ovariohysterectomy (OHE) of bitches vary depending on region and country. In this descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study, uterine tracts and ovaries exhibiting gross pathologic findings (n = 76) were collected post-surgery from a reference population of 3,600 bitches (2.11% incidence) that underwent elective OHE during September to November 2013 and evaluated by histopathology examination. Data were evaluated by using descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests. Bitches were of crossbred background with average age 5 years (range 0.6–8.0 years) and most were nulliparous (69.7%) with no anamnesis of reproductive diseases (81.6%). Frequencies of proestrus, estrus, and diestrus were 42.1%, 6.6%, and 19.7%, respectively. The presence of mammary gland masses (5.3%) significantly correlated with histopathologic findings in ovaries and age of the bitch (p < 0.05). Predominant uterine histopathologies included cystic endometrial hyperplasia, periglandular fibrosis, lymphoplasmocytary endometritis, and adenomyosis (19.7%, 14.5%, 4.0%, and 2.6%, respectively). In ovaries, hyperplasia of rete ovarii, follicular cysts, oophoritis, adenoma of the rete ovarii, cysts of superficial structures, and granulosa cell tumors (10.5%, 10.5%, 7.9%, 4.0%, 2.6%, and 2.6%, respectively) were observed. The results reveal the presence of subclinical pathologies in healthy bitches, suggesting that OHE at an early age is beneficial for prevention of reproductive pathologies.
Adenoma ; Adenomyosis ; Animals ; Cross-Sectional Studies* ; Diestrus ; Dogs* ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Endometritis ; Estrus ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Follicular Cyst ; Granulosa Cell Tumor ; Hyperplasia ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Oophoritis ; Ovary* ; Pathology ; Proestrus ; Prospective Studies ; Uterus*