No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus* ; Maxillary Sinusitis*

No abstract available.
Seizures, Febrile*

No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Endocarditis*

Elevatio of serum transaminase were observed in 17.1% of patients administered isoniazid, and in 30.8% of patients administered isoniazid and rifampicin, from 2 weeks to 10 months after the administration of these drugs. Two cases of symptomatic hepatitis were observed in patients administered isoniazid and rifampicin during the same period. Patients in whom isoniazid was interrupted or rifampicin was replaced to ethambutol showed a return of the serum transaminase level to normal over a variable period of time(from 4 to 8 weeks). Isoniazid was not interrupted in 4 subjects receiving isoniazid only for chemoprophylaxis. In three of these, this reactin was self-limited with spontaneous return of serum transaminase level to normal In this study, sex and age incidence of hepatic dysfunction were not significant. Further study with more large subject group is required to evaluate exact incidence and time of onset of hepatic dysfunction due to isoniazid or rifampicin or both. It was recommended that patient given anti-tuberculous drug therapy should be contacted monthly interval to monitor for possible hepatotoxicity.
Chemoprevention ; Child* ; Drug Therapy ; Ethambutol ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Isoniazid ; Liver* ; Rifampin

No abstract available.
Tissue Expansion Devices*

No abstract available.
Thoracoplasty*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by a burning sensation in the tongue or other oral sites, usually in the absence of clinical and laboratory abnormal findings. BMS is not an uncommon disease that ENT doctors can encounter in the OPD clinics. However, the causes, pathophysiology, and treatment of BMS are not known yet, and there are just a few reported articles. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of BMS and to evaluate the effects of steroid gargle treatments. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We reviewed 18 patients with BMS who visited the Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University Hospital. The patients were analyzed according to the sites, duration of their burning sensations and associated symptoms. Furthermore, the interview included inquiries regarding current diseases, on-going medications, smoking history and psychological factors. The change of symptoms after steroid gargle treatment with/without other drugs was carefully analyzed. RESULTS: The average age of patients with BMS was 56.4 years old, and the male to female ratio was 8:10. The most frequently involved site was tongue (94.4%), followed by lower lip, gingiva, palate, and floor of mouth. We found that the causes of BMS were psychogenic factors for 4 patients, and diabetes mellitus and hypertension for 2 patients each. Approximately 80.0% (8/10 patients) of the women was menopausal. Six (50.0%) of 12 patients treated only with steroid gargle and 3 (75.5%) of 4 patients treated with steroid gargle and other medications showed relieved symptoms. CONCLUSION: Burning mouth syndrome is not an uncommon disease in the ENT field, and has complex etiology. Although the definitive treatment for BMS is not known yet, we think that steroid gargle may be helpful in the treatment of BMS.
Burning Mouth Syndrome* ; Burns* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lip ; Male ; Mouth Floor ; Otolaryngology ; Palate ; Psychology ; Sensation ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Steroids ; Tongue

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A human cholesteatoma in the middle ear is characterized by the presence of a keratinizing epithelium from hyperproliferative properties. It needs intercellular signal exchange through gap junctions as well as intracellular signal pathway for hyperproliferation. Connexin (Cx) is a gap junction protein for intercellular communication, and especially Cx26 and Cx43 are plenty in human epithelial cells. The objective of this study was to analyze the expression pattern of Cx43 and Cx26 in human middle ear cholesteatomas against normal epitheliums. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Ten retroauricular skins (RAS), ear canal skins (ECS), and cholesteatomas were taken during middle ear operations at the Department of Otolaryngology. Immunohistochemical staining, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blotting were used to detect Cx43 and Cx26. RESULTS: In human cholesteatomas, Cx43 were expressed in the whole suprabasal layers, especially in the middle portion, except in the basal layer, and Cx26 were usually expressed in the supra layer and in the basal layers. But normal RASs showed weak expression of Cx43 in the upper spinosal and granular layers, but not in the basal layers, and the restricted localization of Cx26 in the basal layer. The expression of Cx43 and Cx26 in EASs was weak but showed similar patterns to that of cholesteatomas. In RT-PCR and Western blot, the expression of Cx43 and Cx26 were increased in cholesteatomas than in RASs. CONCLUSION: Human middle ear cholesteatomas showed upregulated expression and different localization of Cx43 and Cx26, gap junction proteins for intercellular communication, compared with normal RASs, suggesting that perturbations of intercellular communication through gap junctions may be associated with the pathology of human middle ear cholesteatomas.
Blotting, Western ; Cholesteatoma ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear* ; Connexin 43 ; Connexins* ; Ear Canal ; Ear, Middle* ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Gap Junctions* ; Humans* ; Otolaryngology ; Pathology ; Signal Transduction ; Skin

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Unlike the normal skin, cholesteatomas characterized by hyperproliferative keratinocytes exhibits up-regulation of connexins (Cxs) and gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). Currently, there are no appropriate clinical methods that can inhibit cholesteatoma progression nor are there available optimal in vitro models of cholesteatomas. The objectives of this study were to identify the regulating materials that control GJIC using human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) and to get preliminary information about how to inhibit cholesteatoma progression with an aim to make in vitro models. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Acetic acid (AA), H2O2, dexamethasone, retinoic acid (RA), or green tea extracts-epicatechin (EC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were used for this study. After HaCaT cells were cultured with chemicals for 24 hours, cytotoxicity was quantitatively analyzed by cell counting and Neutral-red uptake test. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunocytochemistry were performed to analyze the change of Cx expression. GJIC was functionally evaluated with scrape-loading dye transfer (SLDT). RESULTS: After the 24-hour culture, H2O2 or EGCG (100 microM) were observed to have interfered with cell growth. In the Western blot, Cx26 and Cx30 showed higher up-regulation by EGCG or dexamethasone, but less down-regulation by AA or H2O2 than the control. In comparison with the control, immunocytochemistry (Cx26, Cx43) showed less expression and abnormal location of Cxs under AA, H2O2, or 50 microM EGCG than the control, and increased up-regulation or equal expression under 5microM EGCG, EC, RA, or dexamethasone was greater than the control. In SLDT, dye transfer was significantly lower in AA-, H2O2-, dexamethasone-, or RA-treated cells than in the control cells. EC showed higher dye transfer than the control cells. CONCLUSION: The expression of Cxs and GJIC on human HaCaT keratinocytes can be up- or down-regulated by chemicals such as AA, H2O2, dexamethasone, or EC. These results may be useful information in understanding the progression or inhibition mechanisms of cholesteatomas.
Acetic Acid ; Blotting, Western ; Catechin ; Cell Count ; Cholesteatoma ; Connexins ; Dexamethasone ; Down-Regulation ; Gap Junctions ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratinocytes ; Skin ; Tea ; Tretinoin ; Up-Regulation

No abstract available.