AIMTo establish a new, reliable vomiting model in minks.

METHODSAdult male minks (Mustela vison) were randomly divided into groups (n = 6). Cisplatin, apomorphine, copper sulfate and X-radiation were used to establish vomiting model. Retching and vomiting were observed after the vomiting models were given anti-vomiting agents. After the behavioral experiment, assay of 5-HT in the ileum was performed by immunohistologic method.

RESULTSCisplatin 7.5 mg.kg-1 i.p., apomorphine 1.6 mg.kg-1 s.c. and copper sulfate 40 mg.kg-1 ig were shown to evoke vomiting. Retching and vomiting were significantly inhibited in ondansetron and metoclopramide pretreated minks (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAs a new vomiting model, minks may be of great value in studying vomiting mechanism and screening new antiemetic drugs.

Animals ; Antiemetics ; therapeutic use ; Apomorphine ; Cisplatin ; Copper Sulfate ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Metoclopramide ; therapeutic use ; Mink ; Ondansetron ; therapeutic use ; Vomiting ; chemically induced ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy of intravenous scopolamine in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after cesarean section (CS).

METHODSA total of 260 pregnant women with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification class I-II who underwent elective CS under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 65): at the end of surgery, 0.3 mg/5 ml scopolamine (scopolamine group), 4 mg/5 ml ondansetron (ondansetron group), 0.3 mg scopolamine plus 4 mg ondansetron per 5 ml (combination group), or 0.9% normal saline 5 ml (control group) were intravenously infused, respectively. The episodes of PONV and adverse effects were observed within 24 hours after operation.

RESULTSThe incidences of PONV within 24 hours after surgery were 87.7%, 89.2%, and 92.3%, respectively, in scopolamine group, ondansetron group, and combination group, which were all significantly higher than that in control group (73.8%) (all P < 0.05). However, the incidences of PONV showed no significant difference among these three groups (P > 0.05). No significant difference in the incidence of adverse effects was observed among the four groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIntravenous scopolamine (0.3 mg), with a comparable efficacy as ondansetron 4 mg, can effectively decrease the incidence of PONV after CS.

Administration, Intravenous ; Adult ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ondansetron ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; prevention & control ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Ondansetron ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Vomiting, Anticipatory ; drug therapy

PURPOSE: We compared the prophylactic effects of intravenously administered azasetron (10 mg) and ondansetron (8 mg) on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 98 ASA physical status I or II 20-65 years old, female patients, in this prospective, randomized, double blind study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups and received ondansetron 8 mg (group O) or azasetron 10 mg (group A) 5 min before the end of surgery. The incidence of PONV, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, need for rescue antiemetic and analgesics, and adverse effects were checked at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h postoperatively. RESULTS: The overall incidence of PONV was 65% in group O and 49% in group A. The incidence of PONV was significantly higher in group O than in group A at 12-24 h postoperatively (nausea; 24% vs. 45%, p = 0.035, vomiting; 2% vs. 18%, p = 0.008), but there were no significant differences at 0-1, 1-6, 6-12 or 24-48 h. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, azasetron (10 mg) produced same incidence of PONV as ondansetron (8 mg) in patients undergoing general anesthesia for gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Azasetron was more effective, in the intermediate post-operative period, between 12 and 24 h.
Adult ; Aged ; Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ondansetron/*therapeutic use ; Oxazines/*therapeutic use ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/*prevention & control ; Serotonin Antagonists/*therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of different 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing general anesthesia.

METHODSTotally 360 patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I - II, aged 18-75 years, and having received elective operation with endotracheal intubation general anesthesia, were randomly divided into three double-blind groups: ondansetron group, tropisetron group, and granisetron group, with 120 patients in each group. Before anesthesia induction, patients were intravenously given ondansetron (4 mg), tropisetron (5 mg), or granisetron (3 mg), respectively. The episodes of nausea and vomiting were recorded for 24 hours after operation.

RESULTSNo significant differences were observed in the terms of complete inhibition rate of PONV among ondansetron group (70.0%), tropisetron group (68.6%), and granisetron group (72.9%) within 24 hours postoperatively (P >0.05), and so did postoperative nausea incidences (22.5%, 25.4%, and 20.3%, respectively), and postoperative vomiting incidences (10.0%, 13.6%, and 8.5%, respectively) (P > 0.05). No remarked antiemetic-related adverse effects were observed within 24 hours postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONIntravenous ondansetron (4 mg), tropisetron (5 mg), or granisetron (3 mg) before anesthesia induction can prevent PONV with similar efficacy and safety.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; adverse effects ; Antiemetics ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Granisetron ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Indoles ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ondansetron ; therapeutic use ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of ondansetron and granisetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in high-risk patients.

METHODSTotally 200 patients with three key risk factors for PONV (female, non-smoking and postoperative opioid use) were equally randomized into ondansetron group and granisetron group. Ondansetron (4 mg) or granisetron (3 mg) was intravenously administered upon the completion of surgery. The episodes of nausea and vomiting were observed for 24 hours after surgery.

RESULTSA significantly greater proportion of patients in granisetron group achieved a complete response (i.e., no PONV or rescue medication) during the first 24 hours postoperatively versus those in ondansetron group (62.6% vs. 46.9%, respectively; P=0.048). There were no significant differences in terms of postoperative nausea incidences (42.9% vs. 34.3%, respectively), postoperative vomiting incidences (25.5% vs. 20.2%, respectively) and postoperative rescue anti-emetics incidences (19.4% vs. 15.2%, respectively) (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONGranisetron is more effective than ondansetron in preventing PONV in high-risk patients during the first 24 hours postoperatively.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antiemetics ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Granisetron ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ondansetron ; therapeutic use ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; prevention & control ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic efficacy of Hewei Zhiou Recipe (HZR) combined ondansetron hydrochloride (OH) in treating vomiting in children patients with solid tumor.

METHODSEighty children patients with solid tumor at the Department of Tumor, Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2007 to January 2010 were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group by the random digit table method, 40 in each group. OH 4 mg was intravenously dripped to patients in the control group. Those in the treatment group took HZR on the basis of the same treatment as for the control group. The vomiting score and degree of the two groups were collected and compared by the end of the 1st to the 6th therapeutic course.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in the vomiting degree between the two groups by the end of the 1st therapeutic course (Z = -0.470, P>0.05). The vomiting degree was lessened in the treatment group by the end of the 2nd to the 6th therapeutic course, showing statistical difference when compared with the control group (Z = - 2.966, -3.256, -3.453, -4.870, -3.627, respectively, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONHZR combined OH could effectively relieve the vomiting of children patients with solid tumor during chemotherapy.

Antiemetics ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Ondansetron ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Vomiting ; chemically induced ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of Armillariella tabescens on cisplatin chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal tract reaction.

METHODSForty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into control group, model group, low dose Armillariella tabescens group, middle dose Armillariella tabescens group, high dose Armillariella tabescens group and ondansetron group. The rats were injected intraperitoneally with cisplatin to induce pica, and observe the effect of Armillariella tabescens on consumption of kaolin, food, water and body weight.

RESULTS24-72 h after cisplatin administration, in the middle dose Armillariella tabescens group, the high dose Armillariella tabescens group and the ondansetron group, the kaolin intake was significantly lower than that in the model group, respectively (P<0.05). The most significant difference was between the high dose Armillariella tabescens group [(0.58 +/- 0.23) g/24 h] and the control group [(2.16 +/- 0.98) g/24 h] at 24 h after cisplatin administration. The variables, such as consumption of food during 48-72 h (P<0.05), water during 48-72 h (P<0.05), and body weight at 72 h (P<0.05) in the middle dose Armillariella tabescens group were significantly higher than those in the model group, but no statistically significant difference between the ondansetron group and the model group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSArmillariella tabescens can effectively inhibit the cisplatin-induced pica response, and the middle dose Armillariella tabescens group is significantly better than the model group in improving the food intake reduction, water intake reduction and body weight loss.

Agaricales ; chemistry ; Animals ; Antiemetics ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; toxicity ; Biological Therapy ; methods ; Body Weight ; Cisplatin ; toxicity ; Drinking ; Eating ; Kaolin ; Male ; Ondansetron ; therapeutic use ; Pica ; chemically induced ; therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

To determine the contribution of metoclopramide to the efficacy of ondansetron in control of cisplatin-induced emesis, ondansetron was compared with ondansetron plus metoclopramide for antiemetic efficacy in a randomized double-blind trial. Enrolled 66 patients were treated with cisplatin(60mg/m2) in combination with etoposide, flourouracil, or vinblastine, and randomized to receive either ondansetron alone or ondansetron plus metoclopramide. Sixty patients were evaluable. Complete or major control of acute emesis was achieved in 96.6% (29/30) of patients given ondansetron plus metoclopramide and in 80% (24/30) receiving ondansetron alone, with no statistical significance (P = 0.07). However, delayed emesis (days 2-6) was better controlled by combination therapy than by ondansetron alone with 22 of 30 (73.4%) and 11 of 30 (36.7%), respectively (P = 0.03). No major drug-related side effects were observed. These results suggest that ondansetron plus metoclopramide is superior to ondansetron alone in the control of cisplatin induced delayed emesis without significant side effects.
Adult ; Aged ; Cisplatin/*adverse effects ; Comparative Study ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Eating/drug effects ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Metoclopramide/*administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Middle Age ; Nausea/*prevention & control ; Ondansetron/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Vomiting/*prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of nausea oral, disintegrating buccal tablet (DBT) in the prevention of gastrointestinal reaction induced by anticancer drugs (cisplatin DDP 30 - 50 mg/m(2) or adramycin ADM >/= 40 mg/m(2)), as compared with those of kytril tablets.

METHODSA multicenter, open and randomized self-crossover control trial was carried out with all the eligible patients randomized into AB or BA group. Patients in AB group were given nausea 0.1 mg as buccal tablet one hour before chemotherapy in the first cycle and kytril tablet 2 mg in the second cycle, those in BA group were given these drugs in the reverse order.

RESULTSSeventy-three patients were allotted to this study, including 44 patients in DDP-arm and 29 in ADM-arm. Sixty-two patients were evaluable for response and 70 patients for safety. Nausea DBT was as effective as kytril tablet in the control of anorexia, nausea and vomiting during the first 24 hours after chemotherapy, with response rates of 74.2%, 77.4%, 83.9% in nausea DBT and 74.2%, 71.0%, 88.7% DBT in kytril tablets. A high efficacy in the control of vommitting induced by cisplatin was observed in both nausea DBT and kytril tablets. The complete control rates and overall control rates were 83.3%, 91.7% in nausea DBT and 86.1%, 97.2% in kytril tablets, respectively. The side effects of nausea DBT were head heaviness, dry mouth and somnolence, which were mild and comparable with kytril in their frequencies.

CONCLUSIONNausea disintegrating buccal tablet is able to effectively prevent gastrointestinal reaction induced by anticancer drugs, with efficacy and side effects similar to kytril tablets. Nausea DB tablet, an intraoral disintegrator, is very convenient for patients who can not swallow tablets for various reasons.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antiemetics ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Cisplatin ; adverse effects ; Digestive System ; drug effects ; Doxorubicin ; adverse effects ; Female ; Granisetron ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Ondansetron ; Tablets ; Treatment Outcome ; Vomiting ; chemically induced ; drug therapy