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Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Diagnosis*

Pulmonary embolism or pulmonary vein thrombosis is rare in children but does occur.Compare to adults,the vast majority of children with PE have risk factors.The clinical manifestation includes shortness of breath,pleuritic chest pain,and hemoptysis,however,which are not specific.The majority of evidence for treatments in the pediatric population is extrapolated from adult populations; the choice of treatment should be guided by risks and benefits,underlying disease,and especially,the hemodynamic stability of the patient.This article reviews the current knowledge of pulmonary embolism and pulmonary vein thrombosis in the pediatric population,summarizing its characteristics from epidemiological aspects to diagnostic and therapeutic relevant issues.

Objective To study the impacts of health insurance schemes on the equity of health services access and the financial protection for disease risk exposure of the elderly population.Methods The descriptive statistics method and econometrics models.Results Full coverage of the health insurance fails to eliminate the inequity in health services access.For example,the two-week clinical visit rate and hospitalization rate of the high-income group are 1.57 and 1.21 times higher than those of the low-income group;the disease risk economic protection function of the health insurance falls below requirement,as the out-of-pocket ratio is as high as 30%~40%;the security for urban workers is far better than urban residents,as the utilization level of outpatient service and hospitalization service of senior workers are 1.18 and 1.33 times that of senior urban residents respectively.Conclusion Despite the full population coverage of health insurance schemes,it is a long way to go before the goal of universal health coverage. Future reforms should aim at filling the financial gaps between different health insurance schemes.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that fiber post is superior to cast metal post in the restoration of large-area dental defects, in prognostic terms of post and core crown off, post and core breakage, root fracture. OBJECTIVE:To explore the application value of glass fiber post and cast metal post in restoration of tooth defects. METHODS:Totaly 100 patients with dental defects (150 teeth; 51 males and 48 females) were selected and randomly divided into observation group (50 cases, 70 teeth) and control group (50 cases, 80 teeth). Al of the patients were treated with glass fiber post and metal post repair. After repair, al the patients were folowed up for 1-3 years. The repair effect of the two groups were observed and compared in terms of integrity, color matching, marginal fit, periodontal pocket depth, alkaline phosphatase activity and post and core crown damage. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 1 year of repair, the observation group was better than the control group in aspects of marginal fit and color matching (P < 0.05); after 1-3 years, the alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly lower in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05), and there was no difference in the periodontal probing depth between the two groups; while the observation group exhibited higher successful rate than the control group (P < 0.05). The results show that compared with the cast metal post, glass fiber post is better for restoration of tooth defects, exhibiting better restoration effect and long-term success rate, which is conducive to the maintenance of periodontal health.

Through observation on changes of inflammatory mediators and hemorrheology among chronic prostatitis patients before and after treatment, this study was aimed to compare the therapeutic differences between the applications of standard retention enema ofQu-Yu Tong-Bi (QYTB) decoction andα-blockers combined with quinolones. During the same period, 164 patients of the Henan Province of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital were randomly divided into the observation group and control group, with 62 cases in each group. Retention enema of QYTB decoction was given in the observation group; andα-blockers combined with quinolones were used in the control group. The treatment course was one month. And the differences were compared. The results showed that the total effective rate of the observation group was 79.03% (49 cases); and that of the control group was 61.29%(39 cases). There was statistical significance between two groups (P < 0.05). There was statistical significance on TNF-α, IFN-γ and NIH-CPSI score comparison before and after treatment of two groups (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the posttreatment TNF-α, IFN-γ and NIH-CPSI score in the observation group had significant difference (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences on the whole blood viscosity (high shear), plasma viscosity and erythrocyte deposited test value contrast between pretreatment and posttreatment in the control group. There were significant differences on the whole blood viscosity (high shear) and plasma viscosity between pretreatment and posttreatment in the observation group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant differences on erythrocyte deposited test value contrast. It was concluded that both methods had certain therapeutic effect in the treatment of chronic prostatitis. However, the effect of retention enema of QYTB decoction was better than the treatment of quinolones combined withα-blockers.

Recent studies demonstrated that immune components including immune cell populations,growth factors,cytokines and angiogenic factors produced by stroma cells as well as tumor cells in tumor microenvironment cooperated with the promotion of the initiation and progression of tumors.In this paper,the research progress of immune microenvironment in tumors has been concluded.

Objective To establish a high performance liquid chromato-graphic method for determining the concentration of baicalin in healthy volunteers.Methods The assay was conducted on the Agilent HC-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm)column with methanol-acetonitrile-phosphoric acid (47 ∶ 53∶0.2)as the mobile phase.The detection wave length was set at 280 nm,and wogonin was taken as the internal standard.Results The linearity range was 0.25～ 12.0 μg/ml with a regressive equation of Y=0.0094 C-0.00175 (r=0.9997).The recovery was above 80％,with both intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD below 10％.Conclusion The method was convenient,rapid,accurate,and suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of baicalin and monitoring its concentration of clinical application.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common defect in human.The genetic basis of CHD is rather complicated.Chromosome aberrations,single gene disorders and polygenic disorders are three known genetic mechanisms that are responsible for cardiac malformations.Recently,with the application and development of molecular genetic approaches in CHD,significant advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiac malformations are being made.

Objective To investigate the effects of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in prostate mesenchymal cell activation .Methods To culture human prostate stromal cells WPMY‐1 in vitro ,implement immunofluorescence staining after treating with DMSO and 10-9 mol/L PGE2 and detect the change of the myofibroblast phenotype .The expression of cellular inflammatory factor interleukin 8(IL‐8) was detected by real‐time quantitative PCR and the concentration of IL‐8 was detected .Results PGE2 significantly in‐creased the cellular proportion of colocalization with alpha SMA and Vimentin in WPMY‐1 cells .PGE2 promoted the expression of IL‐8 in WPMY‐1 cells .Conclusion PGE2 can increase myofibroblast phenotype in human prostate mesenchymal cells WPMY‐1 in vitro culture ,promotes the IL‐8 expression ,which has an important role in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer .

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine in the treatment of recurrent genital herpes and to observe the recurrence rate of this disease.METHODS:A total of 120 patients with recurrent genital herpes were randomly assigned to 3 groups:the combination group received Chinese herbal medicine plus western medicine Valaciclovir capsule(0.25 g,bid,po for 30 d)and Recombinant human interferon;the western medicine group received Valaciclovir capsule and Recombinant human interferon,while the Chinese herbal medicine group received self-designed Chinese herbal medicine.RESULTS:The clinical efficacy was higher and the recurrence rate was lower in the combination group than in the other two groups(all P