Fetal bilateral renal agenesis is a lethal congenital anomaly. An early and reliable prenatal diagnosis is extremely important as it may offer options for pregnancy termination as early as possible. The criteria for the ultrasonographic diagnosis of bilateral renal agenesis are severe oligohydramnios, nonvisualization of the bladder, and the empty renal fossa. However, severe oligohydramnios makes it difficult to diagnose the disease because of poor sonographic resolution. We present two cases of bilateral renal agenesis, one is diagnosed by ultrasonography after amnioinfusion at 24 weeks gestation, the other is diagnosed postnatally after term delivery.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Oligohydramnios ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder

Fetal bilateral renal agenesis is a lethal congenital anomaly. An early and reliable prenatal diagnosis is extremely important as it may offer options for pregnancy termination as early as possible. The criteria for the ultrasonographic diagnosis of bilateral renal agenesis are severe oligohydramnios, nonvisualization of the bladder, and the empty renal fossae. However, severe oligohydramnios makes it difficult to diagnose the disease because of poor sonographic resolution. We present a case of fetal bilateral renal agenesis diagnosed by ultrasonography after amnioinfusion at 19 weeks gestation.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Oligohydramnios ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal* ; Urinary Bladder

Fetal bilateral renal agenesis is a lethal congenital anomaly characterized by bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia, deformities and death due to severe oligohydramnios. This syndrome is associated with malformations of genitourinary tract, cardiovascular system, vertebral bodies or imperforated anus in more than half of the affected individuals. An early and reliable prenatal diagnosis is extremely important because it may offer options for pregnancy termination as early as possible. The criteria for the ultrasonographic diagnosis of bilateral renal agenesis are severe oligohydramnios, nonvisualization of the bladder, empty renal fossae. But poor sonographic resolution of severe oligohydramnios makes it difficult to diagnose the disease. We present a case of bilateral renal agenesis diagnosed at the 18th weeks gestation by using Transvaginal Ultrasonography and Color Doppler.
Anal Canal ; Cardiovascular System ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Oligohydramnios ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Ultrasonography* ; Urinary Bladder

Fetal bilateral renal agenesis is a lethal congenital anomaly characterized by bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia, deformities and death due to severe oligohydramnios. This syndrome is associated with malformations of genitourinary tract, cardiovascular system, vertebral bodies or imperforated anus in more than half of the affected individuals. An early and reliable prenatal diagnosis is extremely important because it may offer options for pregnancy termination as early as possible. The criteria for the ultrasonographic diagnosis of bilateral renal agenesis are severe oligohydramnios, nonvisualization of the bladder, empty renal fossae. But poor sonographic resolution of severe oligohydramnios makes it difficult to diagnose the disease. We present a case of bilateral renal agenesis diagnosed at the 32nd weeks gestation by using color doppler and "lying down" adrenal sign.
Anal Canal ; Cardiovascular System ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Oligohydramnios ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder

Fetal bilateral renal agenesis is a lethal congenitlal anomaly. An early and prenatal diagnosis is extremely important, because it may offer options for pregnancy termination as early as possible. The criteria for the ultrasonographic diagnosis of bilateral renal agenesis are severe oligohydramnios, nonvisualization of the bladder, and the empty renal fossae. However, severe oligohydramnios makes it difficult to diagnose the disease because of poor sonographic resolution. We present a case of fetal bilateral renal agenesis diagnosed by ultrasonography at 21 weeks gestation.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Oligohydramnios ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal* ; Urinary Bladder

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the improvement in ultrasonographic fetal imaging following diagnostic amnioinfusion for the indication of unexplained midtrimester oligohydramnios. METHODS: Eight patients were referred for unexplained midtrimester oligohydramnios were retrospectively reviewed. Videotapes of those undergoing diagnostic antenatal amnioinfusion were analyzed for quality of visualiztion of routinely imaged structures before and after the infusion procedure. And genetic amniocentesis was performed in all patients. RESULTS: The overall rate of adequate visualization of fetal structures improved from 64.1% to 95.2% (P=0.008). In most cases we were able to achieve a definitive diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic amnioinfusion can facilitate fetal imaging and increase diagnostic precision in the setting of unexplained severe oligohydramnios.
Amniocentesis ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Membranes* ; Oligohydramnios* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Videotape Recording

Renal agenesis is a disorder characterized by the congenital absence of one or both kidneys due to complete failure of the kidney to form. The syndrome of renal agenesis is severe oligohydramnios, amnion nodosum, flattened face, low-set and floppy ears, and bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia. Bilateral renal agenesis occurs in 0.1 to 0.3 per 1000 births and unilateral involvement occurs in 1 in 500 to 1 in 1300 live births.1,2 Bilateral renal agenesis is an invariably lethal condition, and is associated in more than half of the affected individuals with malformations of the genitourinary tract, cardiovascular system, vertebral bodies or imperforated anus.2 Accurate diagnosis in the mid-trimester permits the parents to allow elective termination. However, the nearly absent amniotic fluid makes an accurate assessment of fetal kidney difficult. We present a case of unilateral renal agenesis with contralateral renal hypoplasia, diagnosed by ultrasonography after amnioinfusion at 21 weeks gestation.
Amnion ; Amniotic Fluid ; Cardiovascular System ; Diagnosis ; Ear ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Oligohydramnios ; Parents ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Ultrasonography is being widely used as a standard test in obstetric care, studies on congenital hydronephrosis. Focusing on specific prenatal history and frequently associated anomalies in newborn infants with hydronephrosis, this investigation was intended to suggest particulars that need to be considered in making an accurate diagnosis of fetal hydronephrosis. METHODS: From May 2000 to May 2005, retrospective study was conducted on 67 patients (93 kidney) who had been diagnosed by renal ultrasonography during neonatal periods. Hydronephrosis was defined as having a pelvic diameter more than 5 mm, and was classified into three groups according to their severity;mild (grade I, II), moderate (grade III) and severe (grade IV). RESULTS: This study included 67 cases with 54 male and 13 female infants. There were 35 cases with a specific prenatal history in 22 infants such as oligohydramnios, intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia and others. 33 cases in 23 infants had associated anomalies such as urogenital anomalies, cardiac anomalies. Of these 67 infants (97 kidneys), 49.5% was mild, 30.1% moderate, 20.4% severe hydronephrosis. Infants with moderate hydronephrosis had more specific prenatal history and associated anomaly than the mild hydronephrosis did (68.2% vs 31.8%, P<0.001 73.7% vs 26.3%, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Particular attention should be paid for cases with congenital hydronephrosis with a specific prenatal history to find out any associated congenital anomalies (such as urogenital or cardiac anomalies). This will enable clinicians to establish a more appropriate treatment and postnatal care.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Oligohydramnios ; Postnatal Care ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

The infantile polycystic kidney disease is rare fetal urinary tract anomaly. It is inherited with an autosomal recessive pattern and recurrence rate is 25%. The gene locus is on chromosome 6p. The pathogenesis of infantile polycystic kidney is the primary defect of the collecting ducts. The ultrasonographic finding of infantile polycystic kidney is oligohydramnios, bilaterally symmetrical enlarged kidneys with maintenance of their reinform shape. The differential diagnosis with adult polycystic kidney disease is important. The massive enlargement of the kidneys is rarely seen in adult polycystic kidney disease and the examination of the parents and other members of the family is helpful to confirm the adult polycystic kidney disease. If there is severe renal involvements, stillbirth or neonatal death secondary to pulmonary hypoplasia would be developed. If it were diagnosed before viability, termination of pregnancy is recommended. In a fetus at risk, diagnosed after viability, pregnancy termination is also recommended since this condition is uniformly fatal. We present a case of infantile polycystic kidney.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Kidney ; Oligohydramnios ; Parents ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases* ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant ; Pregnancy ; Recurrence ; Stillbirth ; Urinary Tract

Sirenomelia, characterised by a complete or incomplete fusion of the lower extremities, is a severe form of caudal defect affecting 1 in 60,000 births. Most cases of sirenomelia die within 5days after birth and are associated with abnormalities such as renal agenesis, urinary tract agenesis, single umbilical artery, etc. Thirdtrimester ultrasonographic diagnosis is usually impaired by severe oligohydramnios whereas the amount of amniotic fluid may be efficient to allow diagnosis in the late first trimester. We report of a case of sirenomelia at 14 weeks of gestation using prenatal transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasonography.
Amniotic Fluid ; Diagnosis ; Ectromelia* ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Oligohydramnios ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Single Umbilical Artery ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Tract