OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) points on the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in rats with acute incomplete spinal cord injury, and to explore the mechanism of EA on improving motor function of spinal cord injury. METHODS: A total of 72 male SPF SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group, an EA group and a medication group, 18 rats in each group. Each group was further divided into 1-day subgroup, 7-day subgroup and 14-day subgroup, 6 rats in each subgroup. The T acute incomplete spinal cord injury model was established by modified Allen's method in the model group, EA group and medication group. The rats in each group received intraperitoneal injection of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 50 mg/kg), once a day, and each subgroup received continuous injection for 1, 7, 14 times for cell proliferation labeling. The rats in the EA group were treated with EA at "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) points 3-4 mm next the spinous process of the upper and lower segments of the injured spinal cord (T, T) with a frequency of 2 Hz/100 Hz and intensity of 1-2 mA. The muscle twitch at the treatment site was taken as the degree. The treatment was given 20 min each time, once a day. In the medication group, monosialogangliosides (GM1) was injected intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg), once a day. The subgroups of EA group and medication group were treated for 1, 7, 14 times. The score of Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) was used to evaluate the motor function of hind limbs. The co-expression of BrdU/NG2 positive cells was detected by immunofluorescence, and the expression of Olig2 and Sox10 was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the sham operation group, the BBB score was decreased 1 day, 7 days and 14 days after operation in the model group (<0.05), the expression of Olig2 and Sox10 was increased (<0.05), and the co-expression of BrdU/NG2 positive cells was increased 7 days and 14 days after operation (<0.05). Seven days and 14 days after operation, the BBB score in the EA group and medication group was higher than that in the model group (<0.05), and the co-expression of BrdU/NG2 in the medication group was higher than that in the model group (<0.05). Fourteen days after operation, the co-expression of BrdU/NG2 in the EA group was higher than that in the model group (<0.05); 1 day, 7 days and 14 days after operation, the expression of Olig2 and Sox10 in the EA group and medication group was higher than that in the model group (<0.05). Compared with the medication group, the co-expression of BrdU/NG2 positive cells in the EA group 14 days after operation was decreased (<0.05); 1 day, 7 days and 14 days after operation, the expression of Olig2 and Sox10 in the EA group was decreased (<0.05). CONCLUSION EA at "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) points could promote the expression of Olig2 and Sox10 after spinal cord injury, which has similar effects with GM1. It could promote the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into oligodendrocytes, so as to promote the recovery of motor function of rats.
Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Electroacupuncture ; Humans ; Male ; Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells ; cytology ; Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; SOXE Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Yishen Daluo Decoction (YDD) on the expression of protein lipoprotein (PLP), oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 (Olig 1), and oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2) in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

METHODSTotally 40 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e., the normal group, the model group, the Chinese medicine (CM) group, and the Western medicine (WM) group, 10 mice in each group. Each mouse in the model, CM, and WM groups was subcutaneously injected with 200 microL antigen emulsion (containing 150 micro g PLP139 -151 and 400 micro g H37RA) in two parts at the upper abdomen on the first day. 100 microLBordetella pertussis juice (containing 0. 6 x 10(6) Bordetella pertussis) was injected by caudal vein on the first and the third day. On the 7th day after modeling, each mouse in the normal group and the model group was intragastrically given normal saline (0. 1 mL/10 g). YDD (0. 2 g crude drug/10 g) was intragastrically given to mice in the CM group, and prednisone (0. 039 mg/10 g) was intragastrically given to mice in the WM group. All mice were intervened for 54 days. Changes of PLP, Olig1, and Olig2 in the brain tissue of EAE mice were detected by Western blot. Results The levels of PLP and Olig2 in the brain tissue of the model group were less than those of the normal group (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the levels of PLP, Olig1, and Olig2 in the brain tissue increased in the CM group (P <0.05); the levels of PLP and Olig2 in the brain tissue increased in the WM group (P <0.05). Compared with the WM group, the level of Olig1 in the brain tissue increased in the CM group (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONYDD could enhance remyelination by elevating the levels of Olig1 and Olig2 in the brain tissue of EAE mice.

Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Brain ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 ; Transcription Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of Bushen Yisui Capsule (, BSYSC) on the oligodendrocyte lineage genes (Olig) 1 and Olig2 in C57BL/6 mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in order to explore the remyelination effect of BSYSC.

METHODSThe mice were randomly divided into normal control (NC), EAE model (EAE-M), prednisone acetate (PA, 6 mg/kg), BSYSC high-dose (3.02 g/kg) and BSYSC low-dose (1.51 g/kg) groups. The mice were induced by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55. The neurological function scores were assessed once daily. The pathological changes in mice brains were observed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The protein expressions of myelin basic protein (MBP), Olig1 and Olig2 in brains were measured by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expressions of Olig1 and Olig 2 was also determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTSCompared with the EAE-M mice, (1) the neurological function scores were significantly decreased in BSYSC-treated mice on days 22 to 40 (P<0.01); (2) the inflammatory cells and demyelination in brains were reduced in BSYSC-treated EAE mice; (3) the protein expression of MBP was markedly increased in BSYSC-treated groups on day 18 and 40 respectively (P<0.05 or P<0.01); (4) the protein expression of Olig1 was increased in BSYSC (3.02 g/kg)-treated EAE mice on day 40 (P<0.01). Protein and mRNA expression of Olig2 was increased in BSYSC-treated EAE mice on day 18 and 40 (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe effects of BSYSC on reducing demyelination and promoting remyelination might be associated with the increase of Olig1 and Olig2.

Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Brain ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; metabolism ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ; metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism

Adult ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fourth Ventricle ; Ganglioglioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 ; Rosette Formation ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Animals ; Antigens, Nuclear ; metabolism ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ependymoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; metabolism ; Medulloblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Nestin ; Neurocytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 ; Oligodendroglioma ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features, radiologic findings, treatment options and prognosis of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT).

METHODSThe clinicopathologic and radiologic features were retrospectively analyzed in 10 cases of DNT.

RESULTSIntractable partial seizure was the main presenting symptom in all patients. The tumor was located in temporal lobe (number = 5), frontal lobe (number = 3) or parietal lobe (number = 2). CT scan displayed a hypodense lesion. MRI scan revealed the tumor was non-enhancing T1WI hypointense and T2WI hyperintense, with internal septation and hyperintense ring around the tumor seen on FLAIR image. There was neither peritumoral edema nor mass effect. Histologically, the tumor showed the presence of glioneuronal element, with oligodendrocyte-like cells, floating neurons, astrocytes and associated microcystic changes. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated positivity for NeuN and synaptophysin in the neurons and some oligodendrocyte-like cells. Olig2 and S-100 protein were also expressed in the oligodendrocyte-like cells. Ki-67 index were lower than 1% in all cases. Nine cases were treated by complete surgical excision and the remaining case was subtotally excised. No post-operative chemotherapy or radiotherapy was given. One of the 10 cases recurred on follow up.

CONCLUSIONSCorrect diagnosis of DNT requires correlation with clinicopathologic, radiologic and immunohistochemical findings. Complete resection of the tumor and epileptogenic foci is the mainstay of treatment for DNT, with intraoperative EEG monitoring. Post-operative chemotherapy or radiotherapy is not required.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, Nuclear ; metabolism ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 ; Retrospective Studies ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and histogenesis of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT).

METHODSFourteen cases of DNT were retrieved from the archival files of the Department. The histopathologic features and immunohistochemical findings were retrospectively studied. The long-term follow-up data were analyzed.

RESULTSEleven of the 14 cases studied were located in the temporal lobe. Histologically, the tumor consisted of a heterogeneous admixture of neuronal and glial cells (including 1 simple form case, 8 complex form cases and 5 non-specific form cases). The specific glioneuronal element was seen in 9 cases. Variable degrees of cortical dysplasia (CD) were found in 10 out of the 11 cases which had sufficient tissue samples for thorough histologic examination. The morphologic appearance of CD included the presence of heterotopic neurons in molecular layer and/or white matter (7 cases), persistent subpial granular cell layer (4 cases), dyslamination (10 cases) and cellular abnormalities. Immunohistochemically, the oligodendroglial-like cells expressed Olig2. Some of which were positive for nestin, MAP-2, neurofilament and glial fibrillary acidic protein, but negative for NeuN. Long-term follow up revealed that 12 patients had class I postoperative seizure and 2 patients had class II seizure. No tumor recurrence was detected.

CONCLUSIONSDNT is frequently associated with CD. The morphologic diagnosis can be confirmed by immunohistochemical study using a panel of antibodies.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anticonvulsants ; therapeutic use ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Brain Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsy ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; complications ; pathology ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Nestin ; Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 ; Oligodendroglia ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult