acid salt that has been used as a sclerosing agent because of its excellent thrombosing properties. This paper presents 1 case of intraoral multiple venous malformations treatment with 1.25% ethanolamine oleate (3.6~9.6 mg dose) intralesionally injected for 6 to 14 weeks over 2 week intervals. After the sclerotherapy, lesions almost completely disappeared without side effects. In conclusion, sclerotherapy using ethanolamine oleate is very effective against venous malformations, and sufficiently provides alternative support for surgical and other methods.]]>
Ethanolamine ; Head ; Hemangioma ; Laser Therapy ; Neck ; Oleic Acid ; Oleic Acids ; Sclerotherapy ; Vascular Malformations

Free fatty acid (FFA) intake regulates blood pressure and vascular reactivity but its direct effect on contractility of systemic arteries is not well understood. We investigated the effects of saturated fatty acid (SFA, palmitic acid), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA, linoleic acid), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA, oleic acid) on the contractility of isolated mesenteric (MA) and deep femoral arteries (DFA) of Sprague–Dawley rats. Isolated MA and DFA were mounted on a dual wire myograph and phenylephrine (PhE, 1–10 µM) concentration-dependent contraction was obtained with or without FFAs. Incubation with 100 µM of palmitic acid significantly increased PhE-induced contraction in both arteries. In MA, treatment with 100 µM of linoleic acid decreased 1 µM PhE-induced contraction while increasing the response to higher PhE concentrations. In DFA, linoleic acid slightly decreased PhE-induced contraction while 200 µM oleic acid significantly decreased it. In MA, oleic acid reduced contraction at low PhE concentration (1 and 2 µM) while increasing it at 10 µM PhE. Perplexingly, depolarization by 40 mM KCl-induced contraction of MA was commonly enhanced by the three fatty acids. The 40 mM KCl-contraction of DFA was also augmented by linoleic and oleic acids while not affected by palmitic acid. SFA persistently increased alpha-adrenergic contraction of systemic arteries whereas PUFA and MUFA attenuated PhE-induced contraction of skeletal arteries. PUFA and MUFA concentration-dependent dual effects on MA suggest differential mechanisms depending on the types of arteries. Further studies are needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms of the various effects of FFA on systemic arteries.
Animals ; Arteries ; Blood Pressure ; Fatty Acids ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Femoral Artery ; Linoleic Acid ; Mesenteric Arteries ; Oleic Acid ; Oleic Acids ; Palmitic Acid ; Phenylephrine ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha ; Vasoconstriction

Infantile hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that commonly occur in infants. The management of hemangiomas ranges from simple observation and assurance to surgical resection. The commonly used treatment modalities include topical, intralesional and systemic steroids, pulsed dye laser and surgical excision. There are several reports of infantile hemangiomas treated with direct percutaneous injections of sclerosing agents such as ethanol, polidocanol or ethanolamine oleate. We report here on a case of infantile hemangioma that was treated with ethanolamine oleate by dermal injection. We think this is the first report of a dermal injection of ethanolamine oleate, and not intraluminal injection, for treating infantile hemangioma.
Ethanol ; Ethanolamine ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Infant ; Lasers, Dye ; Oleic Acid ; Oleic Acids ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Sclerosing Solutions ; Sclerotherapy ; Steroids

To investigate the underlying mechanisms of C18 fatty acids (stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid) on mast cells, we measured the effect of C18 fatty acids on intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and histamine release in RBL-2H3 mast cells. Stearic acid rapidly increased initial peak of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, whereas linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid gradually increased this mobilization. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, stearic acid (100 microM) did not cause any increase of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Both linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid increased intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, but the increase was smaller than that in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. These results suggest that C18 fatty acid-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization is mainly dependent on extracellular Ca2+ influx. Verapamil dose-dependently inhibited stearic acid-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, but did not affect both linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. These data suggest that the underlying mechanism of stearic acid, linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid on intracellular Ca2+ mobilization may differ. Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid significantly increased histamine release. Linoleic acid (C18:2: omega-6)-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and histamine release were more prominent than alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3: omega-3). These data support the view that the intake of more alpha-linolenic acid than linoleic acid is useful in preventing inflammation.
alpha-Linolenic Acid ; Fatty Acids* ; Histamine Release* ; Inflammation ; Linoleic Acid ; Mast Cells ; Oleic Acid ; Verapamil

Studies on the relationship between blood fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer have not yielded definite conclusions. The role of fatty acids in the development and progression of breast cancer is unclear. We conducted a case-control study to determine serum phospholipid fatty acid composition in benign breast tumor and breast cancer. Subjects consisted of 27 benign breast tumor and 68 breast cancer patients, and 28 matched controls. The levels of fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. Higher arachidonic and palmitic acids were observed in breast cancer patients as compared with control and benign breast tumor patients. The percentage of total saturated fatty acids in breast cancer was higher than in control and benign breast tumor patients. The level of stearic acid was lower in benign breast tumor and breast cancer patients. Saturation index, the ratio of stearic to oleic acid, was lower in benign breast tumor and breast cancer patients compared to the control. Moreover, stearic acid was negatively and arachidonic acid was positively correlated with the cancer stage. In conclusion, our results support that serum phospholipid compositions of specific fatty acids are associated with the risk of benign breast tumor as well as breast cancer. Further studies are necessary to investigate mechanisms linked to the breast cancer etiology.
Arachidonic Acid ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromatography, Gas ; Fatty Acids ; Humans ; Oleic Acid ; Palmitic Acid ; Palmitic Acids ; Stearic Acids

PURPOSE: Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of terminal phosphate diester bond of glycerophopholipids to produce phosphatidic acid (PA). PLD plays an important role in signal transduction and is known to be involved closely in cancer promotion, inflammation, and other cell responses. In order to evaluate radiation effect in tumor cells, various cells were screened for PLD activities and examined their radiation effects on PLD following gamma- ray irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PLD activities in 19 species of cell were measured by radioactive isotope method with 1,2 - di [1-14C] phosphatidylcholine in the presence of oleate. Among the cell lines examined, VERO 76, L 1210 and P 388 were selected and examined for their effects of metal ions and agonists on PLD activities before and after irradiation by Co-60 teletheraphy unit. RESULTS: The activities of oleate-PLD were observed in 11 species among 19 cell lines examined. VERO 76 and L 1210 cells showed that the PLD activity increased immediately after irradiation and reached to 150~200% of the control levels. The activation of PLD in response to gamma-ray was maximum at 20 Gy. In irradiated VERO 76, the stimulatory effect of Mg2+ was reduced and the activation of PLD by agonists in irradiated cells vary from those of the control cells. CONCLUSION: The activation effect of irradiation on PLD activity observed strongly implies that the PLD activity is closely related to the phenomena of cell necrosis. Therefore the cell lines examined here could provide a good source for the study of radiobiology that cover from cell death to cancer promotion.
Cell Death ; Cell Line* ; Inflammation ; Ions ; Necrosis ; Oleic Acid ; Phosphatidic Acids ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phospholipase D ; Radiation Effects ; Radiobiology ; Signal Transduction

Studies have reported different changes in the fatty acid composition of red blood cell (RBC) total lipids in patients with various types of cancer. It has been indicated that n-3/n-6 ratio plays a key role in the general consequence of skin photocarcinogenesis. However, to our knowledge there was no study examining the unsaturated fatty acid profile in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) patients. So, we explore the fatty acid composition of RBCs in newly diagnosed BCC patients in a hospital-based case-control study. This study has been conducted on new case BCC patients in Razi Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Fatty acid concentration in erythrocyte membranes defined as relative values after extraction, purification and preparation, by gas chromatography.Analysis revealed that heptadecenoic acid (p = 0.010) and oleic acid (p < 0.001) was significantly higher in BCC patients in comparison with control group. Among polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA) were significantly higher in BCC patients (p < 0.001). It has been indicated that n-3 was significantly lower (p = 0.040) and n-6 was significantly higher (p = 0.002) in BCC patients. In addition, total PUFA (p < 0.001) and n-6 PUFAs/n-3 PUFAs (p = 0.002) were significantly higher in BCC patients compared to the control group. Here we indicated that new case BCC patient had significantly higher n-6 PUFA and lower n-3 along with other differences in unsaturated fatty acid in comparison with healthy subjects. Our study provides evidence that lipids are important in BCC development.
Arachidonic Acid ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Case-Control Studies ; Erythrocyte Membrane ; Erythrocytes ; Fatty Acids ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Iran ; Linoleic Acid ; Oleic Acid ; Skin

PURPOSE: The skin pH is maintained by epidermal lactate, free fatty acids (FFAs), and free amino acids (FAAs). As a significant determinant of skin health, the skin pH is increased (less acidic) under abnormal and aged skin conditions. In a search for dietary alternatives that would promote an acidic skin pH, this study investigated the dietary effects of Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP55 isolated from Korean kimchi on the skin pH, and epidermal levels of lactate, FFAs, and FAAs in adult subjects. METHODS: Seventy eight subjects (mean age 24.9 ± 0.5 years, range 19 ~ 37 years) were assigned randomly to ingest CJLP55, Lactobacillus strain from kimchi, (n = 39, CJLP group) or placebo supplements (n = 39, placebo group) for 12 weeks in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Skin pH and epidermal levels of lactate, FFAs and FFAs were assessed at 0, 6 and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Although significant decreases in skin pH were observed in both the CJLP and placebo groups at 6 weeks, the skin pH was decreased significantly only in the CJLP group at 12 weeks. In parallel, the epidermal level of lactate in the CJLP group was also increased by 25.6% at 12 weeks. On the other hand, the epidermal level of FAAs were not altered in the CJLP and placebo groups, but the epidermal level of total FFAs, including palmitic acid and stearic acid, was lower in the CJLP group than in the placebo group over 12 weeks. The changes in the other FFAs, such as palmitoleic acid and oleic acid, were similar in the CJLP and placebo groups over 12 weeks. CONCLUSION: Overall, a dietary supplement of CJLP55 promotes acidic skin pH with a selective increase in epidermal lactate in adult subjects.
Adult ; Amino Acids ; Dietary Supplements ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Hand ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lactic Acid ; Lactobacillus plantarum ; Lactobacillus ; Oleic Acid ; Palmitic Acid ; Skin

BACKGROUND: Chest tube drainage (CTD) is an indication for the treatment of pneumothorax, hemothroax and is used after a thoracic surgery. But, in the case of incomplete lung expansion, and/or persistent air leak from CTD, medical or surgical thoracoscopy or, if that is unavailable, limited thoracotomy, should be considered. We evaluate the efficacy of bronchoscopic injection of ethanolamine to control the persistent air leak in patients with CTD. METHODS: Patients who had persistent or prolonged air leak from CTD were included, consecutively. We directly injected 1.0 mL solution of 5% ethanolamine oleate into a subsegmental or its distal bronchus, where it is a probable air leakage site, 1 to 21 times using an injection needle through a fiberoptic bronchoscope. RESULTS: A total of 15 patients were enrolled; 14 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax [idiopathic 9, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 3, post-tuberculosis 2] and one case of empyema associated with broncho-pleural fistula. Of these, five were patients with persistent air leak from CTD, just after a surgical therapy, wedge resection with plication for blebs or bullae. With an ethanolamine injection therapy, 12 were successful but three (idiopathic, COPD and post-tuberculosis) failed, and were followed by a surgery (2 cases) or pleurodesis (1 case). Some adverse reactions, such as fever, chest pain and increased radiographic opacities occurred transiently, but resolved without any further events. With success, the time from the procedure to discharge was about 3 days (median). CONCLUSION: Bronchoscopic ethanolamine injection therapy may be partially useful in controlling air leakage, and reducing the hospital stay in patients with persistent air leak from CTD.
Blister ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Chest Pain ; Chest Tubes ; Drainage ; Empyema ; Ethanolamine ; Fever ; Fistula ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Lung ; Needles ; Oleic Acid ; Oleic Acids ; Pleurodesis ; Pneumothorax ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thoracoscopy ; Thoracotomy ; Thorax

The purposes of this research were to assess dietary fatty acid patterns and to elucidate the relationship between the serum cholesterol levels and dietary fatty acid patterns, plasma fatty acid compositions, BMI (body mass index), and other lipid profile. The subjects were 151 adults aged 23 to 80 years, selected from the Outpatient Clinic and Cardiovascular Department of the Seoul Municipal Hospital. Dietary data were obtained using three day food records. Sixteen dietary fatty acids were analyzed using Korean and US nutrient databases. The subjects were divided into three serum cholesterol levels: desirable (< 200 mg/dl, N = 44), borderline-risk (> or = 200 - < 240 mg/dl, N = 35), and high-risk (> or = 240 mg/dl, N = 72) groups. The high-risk group had higher BMI, waist, and waist to hip ratio (WHR) than the desirable and borderline-risk groups. Serum concentrations of triglyceride, LDL cholesterol and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio were significantly higher in the high-risk group as compared to those in the other two groups. The serum cholesterol levels were highly correlated with BMI (r = 0.435), triglyceride (r = 0.425) and LDL/HDL cholesterol (r = 0.870) ratio. The highest fatty acid intake was from oleic acid (33 - 34% of total fatty acid intakes), which was followed by linoleic acid (27%), palmitic acid (19%), and stearic acid (7%). There was no correlation between the serum cholesterol levels and the dietary fatty acid intakes, polyunsaturated/monounsaturated/saturated fatty acids (P/M/S) and omega6/omega3 ratios. The correlation between plasma fatty acids such as myristic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid and serum cholesterol levels was also weak.
Adult* ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Cholesterol* ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Fatty Acids* ; Hospitals, Municipal ; Humans ; Linoleic Acid ; Myristic Acid ; Oleic Acid ; Palmitic Acid ; Plasma* ; Seoul ; Triglycerides ; Waist-Hip Ratio