The purpose of this study was to survey basic data for management of elderly day care centers. In this study. occupation. leisure life. and food. clothing and habituation. as well as social relationship. health state and behavior. and general characteristics of subjects were examined to identify the factors affecting their cognition. need and preference of the day care centers. The subjects of this study were 392 elderly. aged 60 years or over. living in Gangnung and neighboring districts. Data were collected by educated interviewers from November 4 through Novemver 22, 2002. The subjects were interviewed face to face. one for one after the interviewee's agreements on the survey. The collected data were analysed with logistic regression analysis by SAS (statistical analysis system). Logistic regression analysis was done to identify affecting factors for cognition. need and preference of the elderly day care centers. The major findings are as follows: 1. The factors affecting cognition for care centers were analysed. The the day subjects with an occupation and a lower satisfaction level of living environment and friendship. who were economically secure enough to manage a sudden accident. showed a higher level of cognition of the day care centers. The subjects with a higher level of mental health state and a lower level of IADL also showed a higher level of cognition. On the general characteristics younger female subjects showed a higher level of cognition. 2. The subjects with a lower level of perceived economic condition who did not own their housing and were not economically safe enough to manage a sudden accident. had showed a higher level of need for the day care centers. It showed that the subjects with a high level of mental health state. a bad eye sight and dental condition. a good perceived health condition. and a lower level of IADL. needed the centers. 3. The subjects who had an occupation, however, not capable of making their own daily expenses. and a low occupation satisfaction level. and who did not own their housing. and were economically poor not enough to manage a sudden accident. showed a higher preference for the day care centers. The subjects with higher levels of friendship satisfaction and perceived health condition. not living with their spouse. and a higher education level, showed a higher preference for the centers. In conclusion. the common factors affecting their cognition. need and preference of the day care centers were occupation, economic security enough to manage accidents. and friendship satisfaction level. Especially, the subjects who had an occupation, however. not economically secure enough to manage accidents. and who did not live in their own housing with a good perceived health condition, showed high levels of need and preference for the day care centers. These results can be used as basic data to develop the efficient elderly day care centers, thus contribute to the elderly welfare in a local community.
Aged* ; Clothing ; Cognition ; Day Care, Medical* ; Education ; Female ; Friends ; Gangwon-do ; Housing ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Logistic Models ; Mental Health ; Occupations ; Spouses

The objective of this study was to apply a dementia prevention program to the subjects who were suspected of dementia and test its effect. This study was one group pretest-posttest design. The dementia prevention program was applied for 20 weeks to the 19 subjects who were suspected of dementia after a screen test among 638 subjects enrolled in 10 senior citizen's centers in G city. The scores of measured before and after the program. The data collected were analyzed using a SPSS (statistical analysis system) program, and frequencies, averages and standard deviations were obtained. The differences of the scores of the pretest and posttest were analyzed with Mann-Whitney test and sign test. The results were as follows: 1. After the program, the average score of self-efficacy was increased from 75.31 (standard deviation 11.99) to 84.26 (standard deviation 13.92). 2. There are no differences between the average scores of physical and psychological quality of life, however, the average score of social quality of life was slightly increased from 2.25 (standard deviation 0.40) to 2.53 (standard deviation 0.43), and the overall score of social quality of life was low. 3. The average score of cognition was significantly increased from 21.00 (standard deviation 2.60) to 24.58 (standard deviation 3.37), thus, it was found that the program was effective to improve the cognition level. 4. The score differences of self-efficacy, quality of life, cognition between the pretest and posttest were statistically significant. 5. The score differences of quality of life between the pretest and posttest were found to be dependent on marital status, exercise and regular chechup yes or no. In conclusion, the program was effective to prevent the subjects suspected of dementia from dementia.
Cognition ; Dementia* ; Marital Status ; Quality of Life

PURPOSE: This research was conducted to explore the experiences of graduate student women with children fulfilling multiple roles and to generate a substantive theory. METHODS: This study uses the grounded theory method based on Strauss and Corbin(1988)'s method. Interviews were conducted with 11 graduate student women who had children aged three of older. RESULTS: The core category of this research is 'Role balancing for self-generativity'. Based on the core category, three types of married women graduate students' experiences were found. They are 'concentrating on graduate-work' 'postponing graduate-work' and 'adjustment between two roles' CONCLUSIONS: Through understanding the married women's multiple roles experience process, there can be a basis for making a women's health system and social support system for the married women graduate student. Also, this research is to generate a substantive theory which can helps to change social perspectives on the quality of life for the women who will contribute in Korean society as professionals.
Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Women's Health

The purpose of this study was to assess the metabolic profile and nutrient intake data in Korean adolescents according to exercise regularity using the forth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 data. A total of 834 Korean adolescents (440 boys, 394 girls) aged 12 to 18 years were classified into exercising male (EM), non-exercising male (NM), exercising female (EF), and non-exercising female (NF) groups. EM exhibited significantly higher weight (P < 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (P < 0.01) and body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.001) than NM. EF showed significantly greater height (P < 0.01), weight (P<0.001), WC (P < 0.001), and BMI (P < 0.001) than NF. Although ratios of macronutrient intake were within the appropriate range in all groups, energy, riboflavin, vitamin C and calcium were assessed as in adequate by the nutritional adequacy ratio (NAR) in all groups. Moreover, EF and NF had inadequate intake of vitamin A and iron according to NAR, respectively. There were significant correlations between height and NAR protein (r = 0.249, P < 0.001), and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) (r = 0.177, P < 0.01), and between weight and NAR protein (r = 0.180, P < 0.01), and MAR(r = 0.136, P < 0.05) in EM. On the other hand, there were significant correlations between weight and NAR protein (r = 0.270, P < 0.01), WC and NAR protein (r = 0.271, P < 0.01), and BMI and NAR protein (r = 0.326, P < 0.01) in NM. There were significant correlations height and NAR Fe (r = 0.153, P < 0.05) in EF. However, there were no significant correlations between metabolic factors and nutritional adequacy in NF. Although we noted no significant differences in MAR between the groups, the exercising groups showed higher MAR values than the non-exercising groups. Therefore, practicing of ideal dietary behaviors appears to be induced through physical activity and regular exercise in Korean adolescents.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Ascorbic Acid ; Body Mass Index ; Calcium ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Iron ; Male ; Metabolome ; Motor Activity ; Nutrition Surveys ; Riboflavin ; Vitamin A ; Waist Circumference

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of perceptions regarding the importance of patient safety management in the relationship between incident reporting attitudes and patient safety care activities for nurses in small-and medium-sized general hospitals. The objective was to provide a basis for planning tailored training programs aimed at improving patient safety care activities.METHODS: This study was conducted with 187 participants in small- and medium-sized general hospitals in K city in South Korea from March 15 to March 31, 2019. The data collected from participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and a multiple regression using IBM SPSS/WIN 21.0 software.RESULTS: Patient safety care activities were found to be correlated with incident reporting attitudes (r=.27, p < .001) and perceptions of the importance of patient safety management (r=.59, p < .001). Further, perceptions of the importance of patient safety management had a complete mediating effect (β=.409, p < .001) on the relationship between incident reporting attitudes and patient safety care activities.CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, tailored training programs regarding patient safety care activities focused on boosting perceptions of the importance of patient safety management are highly recommended to improve nurses' patient safety care activities in small- and medium-sized general hospitals.
Education ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Negotiating ; Patient Safety ; Risk Management ; Safety Management

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the attitude of nurses toward transsexuals. METHOD: The Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Twenty-nine nurses classified the 50 selected Q-statements into a normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using the Quanl PC program. RESULT: Four types of attitudes toward transsexuals were identified. The first type (humanitarian acceptance) showed an attitude of respecting transsexuals as human beings and understanding and accepting their desires and difficulties. The second type (superficial understanding) understood the psychological conflicts and suffering of transsexuals but could not accept them as members of families or society. The third type (insufficient understanding) did not feel a sense of rejection toward transsexuals but showed a lack of understanding of their desires and difficulties. The fourth type (rejection) failed to understand the desires and difficulties of transsexuals and showed a sense of rejection toward them, in addition to regarding them as sexually immoral people. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that different approaches of educational programs based on the four types of attitudes toward transsexuals are recommended.
Adult ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; Models, Educational ; Nursing Staff/*psychology ; Q-Sort ; Questionnaires ; *Transsexualism

No abstract available.
Bacillus anthracis* ; Bacillus* ; Classification*

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have demonstrated that spirituality has protective effects on depression. However, there are only few studies on the theoretical mechanism showing how spirituality effects on depression. Thus, to find mediating variables explaining the relationship between the spirituality and depression may help to develop appropriate program for reducing depression in elderly cancer patients. In this study, we examined the effect of optimism and pessimism as their mediating effects on depression. METHODS: This study is to verify the relationships between spirituality and depression along with the mediating effects of optimism and pessimism among 600 South Korean elderly cancer patients who participated in a community-based study about their mental health. RESULTS: Optimism and pessimism are linked with spirituality and depression. Higher spirituality levels were associated with increased optimistic thinking, and then optimistic thinking is associated with low possibility of depression, whereas lower spirituality levels were associated with more pessimistic thinking, and in turn pessimistic thinking is associated with high depression scores. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding optimism and pessimism affecting depression level is critical for developing spirituality-based programs to reduce depression in elderly cancer patients.
Aged* ; Depression* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Negotiating* ; Optimism* ; Pessimism* ; Spirituality* ; Thinking

BACKGROUND: Currently, several definitions for metabolic syndrome are in use. For epidemiological and clinical purposes, universally accepted definition would be needed. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has introduced a new diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome (MS). We analyzed the association between insulin resistance and MS using both the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) definition and new IDF definition, in order to compare the clinical utility of these two different definitions. METHODS: The subjects of this study included 206 men, aged 29~65 years, who visited a health promotion center located in Seoul. Among the subjects, we excluded hypertensive or diabetic patients. We measured their waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin and lipid profiles. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using both ATP III and IDF definitions. We used the multiple logistic regression method to estimate odds ratio for MS according to the level insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 14.1% according to the NCEP-ATP III defintion, and 12.6% according to the IDF definition. After adjusting for age, alcohol, smoking and exercise, the odds ratios for insulin resistance of metabolic syndrome group defined by NCEP-ATP III criteria and IDF criteria were 3.04 (95%CI 1.28~7.22) and 2.33 (0.95~5.76) respectively. CONCLUSION: New IDF definition does not seem to be as sensitive as ATP III definition with respect to insulin resistance. Studies using the new IDF definition for metabolic syndrome are still scarce and therefore further investigations will be required.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Adult* ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Education ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Waist Circumference

PURPOSE: We designed this study to find out the risk factors affecting the patency rate after creation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for maintenance hemodialysis. METHODS: From March 1997 to April 1999, a total of 206 AVF creation operations [126 of radiocephalic fistula (RCF), 59 of brachiocephalic fistula (BCF), and 21 of grafted fistula] in 165 patients were undertaken by single surgeon under the same surgical technique and principles. In 128 cases (62.1%), operation was performed for the first time and in 42 cases (20.4%), the trial was second time. However in remaining 36 cases (17.5%), the operation was three or more than three times. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 9 months, 27 patient death and 53 fistula failure were identified. The overall patency rate at 1- and 2-year were 72.6% and 61.1%. The success patency rate, excluding the early failure cases, at 1-and 2-year were 78.4% and 65.9%. In multivariate analysis, the presence of 2 or more than 2 times failed AVF episodes was the significant risk factor forecasting the poor fistula patency (p<0.05, odd ratio=2.72). Although the odd ratio in patients with grafted fistula or in diabetic patients was 1.39 or 1.48 in multivariate analysis, these factors did not reach the statistical significance in multivariate analysis (P>0.05). In univariate analysis, the 1- and 2 year patency rate of more than third AVF trial group were 53.2% and 25.3%, which showed significant poor patency rate comparing with the ones of first or second AVF trial group (76.73% in 1- and 67.9% in 2-year) (p=0.0197). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, repeated trial of AVF creation (= or >3) in itself was the most powerful significant risk factor affecting the patency rate after AVF creation. The successful first or second trial is very important to expect a long-term patency. Well designed surgery under delicate surgical technique in early referred patient should promise the long-term patency even in patients with diabetes or patients requiring grafted fistula.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Renal Dialysis* ; Risk Factors* ; Transplants