No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

No abstract available.
Neck*

No abstract available.
Blood Platelets* ; Fetal Growth Retardation* ; Platelet Count* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Radiosurgery*

PURPOSE: Relocation stress is a common phenomenon in patients discharged from an intensive care unit(ICU) to a ward. Therefore, nurses need to be aware of the problems that can arise during the transfer process. The aim of this study was to identify nurses' experiences in transferring critically ill patients from the ICU to a ward. METHOD: Focus group interviews were done with 13 nurses from wards and ICU, which participated in receiving and sending of ICU patients. The debriefing notes and field notes were analyzed using the consistent comparative data analysis method. RESULT: Seven major categories were identified in the analysis of the data. These were 'mixed feeling about transfer', 'lack of transfer readiness', 'increase in family burden', 'uncertainty with unfamiliar environment', 'difficulty in decision making', 'difference of perception of the relationships between patients and health care providers', 'need for continuity of nursing care'. CONCLUSION: Transferring out of the critical care area should be presented to the patient and family as a positive step in the recovery process. However, a more universal method of passing information from nurse to nurse is needed to assist in a smooth transition.
Collodion ; Critical Care ; Critical Illness ; Delivery of Health Care ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units ; Statistics as Topic

Glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are localized and released by the same interneurons in the spinal cord. Although the effects of glycine and GABA on analgesia are well known, little is known about the effect of GABA in strychnine-induced hyperalgesia. To investigate the effect of GABA and the role of the glycine receptor in thermal hyperalgesia, we designed an experiment involving the injection of muscimol (a GABAA receptor agonist), baclofen (a GABAB receptor agonist) or glycine with strychnine (strychnine sensitive glycine receptor antagonist). Glycine, muscimol, or baclofen with strychnine was injected into the cisterna magna or lumbar subarachnoidal spaces of mice. The effects of treatment on strychnine-induced heat hyperalgesia were observed using the pain threshold index via the hot plate test. The dosages of experimental drugs and strychnine we chose had no effects on motor behavior in conscious mice. Intracisternal or intrathecal administration of strychnine produced thermal hyperalgesia in mice. Glycine antagonize the effects of strychnine, whereas, muscimol or baclofen does not. Our results indicate that glycine has anti-thermal hyperalgesic properties in vivo; and GABA receptor agonists may lack the binding abilities of glycine receptor antagonists with their sites in the central nervous system.
Animals ; Baclofen/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Drug Delivery Systems ; GABA Agonists/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; GABA Antagonists/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Glycine/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Hot Temperature ; Hyperalgesia/chemically induced/*drug therapy ; Injections, Spinal ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Muscimol/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Pain Threshold ; Random Allocation ; Strychnine ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism

PURPOSE: An outbreak of influenza virus is uncommon in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The clinical presentation of influenza virus infection in neonates is diverse. This study was aimed to report an outbreak of influenza A in a NICU and to investigate the clinical characteristics of influenza virus infection in neonates especially preterm infants during the 2011-2012 influenza season in Korea. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 29 patients who were evaluated by respiratory virus multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at NICU of Kosin University Gospel Hospital during the 2011-2012 seasonal influenza outbreak in Korea. RESULTS: Eleven patients (37.9%) were influenza A virus RT-PCR positive during the survey periods. They were all preterm infants and three of them had no symptoms. Eight patients had symptoms and it was fever (18%, 2/11), respiratory difficulty (72.7%, 8/11) without symptoms of upper respiratory infection, and gastrointestinal symptoms (27.3%, 3/11). The median duration of symptom was 5 days. There were differences of duration of admission at the test of respiratory RT-PCR, Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB) score, use of mechanical ventilation, and use of dexamethasone before infection between influenza A virus RT-PCR positive and negative group. All 11 patients with influenza A were discharged without any complications. CONCLUSIONS: The symptoms of influenza A virus infection in the preterm infants is nonspecific. Influenza A virus should be considered as a possible cause of infection in NICU during the influenza season in the community.
Dexamethasone ; Fever ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Influenza A virus ; Influenza, Human* ; Intensive Care Units ; Intensive Care, Neonatal* ; Korea* ; Medical Records ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Respiration, Artificial ; Seasons*

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the colon is very rare and its incidence is 0.025% to 0.05% among all colon cancers. We report a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the sigmoid colon in a 65year-old man. He had bowel habit change and hematochezia for 3 months. Colonoscopy with biopsy and left inguinal lymph node biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma. We confirmed the diagnosis of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the sigmoid colon with lymph node metastasis by diagnostic criteria. The patient was discharged against advice and expired.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colonoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Hydrops describes the infant who has generalized edema due to accumulation of excess fluid. In severe case, massive edema with ascites and pleural and pericardial effusions are commonly combined. The main etiology of hydrops fetalis has been changed from immune type which is caused by fetomaternal blood group incompatibility to nonimmune type. Although cardiovascular diseases are the most common (23% to 38%) causes for nonimmune hydrops fetalis, fetal tumors still compromise 5% to 7% of the diseases. We report a case of nonimmune hydrops fetalis due to intraperitoneal hemangioma. The newborn infant was managed surgically and had excellent outcome.
Ascites ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Edema ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Hydrops Fetalis* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Pericardial Effusion

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to investigate the contamination rates of blood culture in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and to examine the clinical characteristics related to the contamination. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty cases of blood culture performed from March 2013 to February 2014 were analyzed. We evaluated the contamination rates of blood culture by blood sampling sites and compared the clinical characteristics such as real name system and body weights of the contaminated cases and those of non-contaminated ones. The clinical characteristics were retrospectively reviewed by medical records. RESULTS: The overall contamination rate was 3.6% (30/830). The contamination rates by blood sampling sites were as follows: peripheral vein 15.6% (10/64), peripheral artery 2.6% (20/759), and umbilical arterial catheter 0% (0/7). There was no difference in the contamination rates between cases with and without real name system (P =0.484). However, there were significant differences in the contamination rates by the physicians who performed the culture (P =0.038) and body weight (<1,000 g vs. > or =1,000 g) at the time of blood culture (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that neonates with a body weight less than 1,000 g have more risks of the contamination of blood culture. Furthermore, there is a necessity to provide blood culture performers with active feedbacks and individualized education plans that can help diminish blood culture contamination rates. Prospective studies in a systematic manner that can be applied in actual clinical settings are needed in order to figure out factors that can diminish the contamination rates of blood culture in NICU.
Arteries ; Body Weight ; Catheters ; Education ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Medical Records ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Veins