PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of the Qigong training program on the anxiety and labor pains of primipara. METHOD: The research subjects were a total of 60 primipara who consulted a doctor regularly concerning their antenatal care. Among them, 30 people were the experimental group, and the other 30 people were the control group, and were selected as homogeneous with the experimental group. The degree of anxiety and labor pains were measured by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and Graphic Rating Scale(GRS). SPSS WIN 11.0 was used for data analysis. Obstetric and general characteristics between experimental and control groups, and a homogeneity test of state and trait anxiety were done by both X2 test and t-test. The hypothesis testing was analyzed by ANCOVA with a covariate of pretest value. RESULT: The first hypothesis, 'Primipara who join the Qigong training program have lower anxiety than those who do not join' was supported (F=28.8, p<.000). The second hypothesis, 'Primipara who join the Qigong training program have lower labor pain than those who do not join' was unsupported. CONCLUSION: It was verified that the Qigong training program was effective in alleviating anxiety; however it did not have any effect on relieving labor pain, so more in-depth research is needed later on.
Anxiety* ; Education* ; Female ; Humans ; Labor Pain* ; Pregnancy ; Qigong* ; Research Subjects ; Statistics as Topic

The wandering spleen is a rare condition, in which the spleen is located in other than the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. The clinical manifestation is variable from asymptomatic to abdominal catastrophy due to torsion of the splenic pedicle. We experienced a case of torsion of wandering spleen in 8-year-old girl who admitted with fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, palpable left abdominal mass. She was diagnosed preoperatively with the aid of abdominal sonography and C.T. scanning. A splenectomy was performed and she made uneventful recovery. The case report illustrates some of the diagnostic and therapeutic considerations pertaining to wandering spleen with a brief review of related literature.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Pain ; Child ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Spleen ; Splenectomy ; Vomiting ; Wandering Spleen*

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop a sexual health education program for unmarried mothers that were intended to provide the correct sexual knowledge, to help them establish positive sexual perception and to improve sexual health. The program was applied and its effect was evaluated. METHOD: One group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research design was applied to evaluate the effect of a sexual health education program unmarried mothers. The research team developed a 34 hour program of 16 units, where the basic schemes were human development, relationships, personal skills, sexual behavior, sexual health, and society & culture. We applied the program to 32 unmarried mothers in the Institute for unmarried mothers in Gangwon-do, Korea from April 19, 2004 to June 14, 2004. RESULT: After the application of an 8 week sexual health education program, the subjects significantly showed a better perception of self-efficiency, self-esteem, sexual knowledge and sexual behavior than before the program. CONCLUSION: The sexual health education program for unmarried mother in this study was effective on improving sexual perception and promoting sexual health behavior.
Education* ; Gangwon-do ; Health Education ; Human Development ; Humans ; Illegitimacy* ; Korea ; Reproductive Health* ; Research Design ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexuality ; Single Person*

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the types and seriousness of pregnancy-related physical and psychological symptoms among pregnant couples. METHOD: Subjects consisted of 77 pregnant couples at one hospital in Seoul, Korea. The pregnant couples had not been diagnosed with any medical complications. Data were analyzed by the SPSS WIN program. RESULT: In the degree of physical and psychological symptoms of pregnancy experienced by subjects, the mean score of perceived physical symptoms (2.40, 1.86) was higher than the mean score of psychological symptoms (2.13, 1.83) for both pregnant women and their spouses. In the couple's difference of physical and psychological symptoms of pregnancy experienced by subjects, there were not statistically significant differences in the physical symptoms: "I have hemorrhoids" (t=1.91, p=.06), "My body weight decreased" (t=1.78, p=.08), "I have colds more often" (t=1.77, p=.08), and "I became more active than ordinary times" (t=1.99, p=.05) or in the psychological symptoms: "I am more elated than ordinary times" (t=.83, p=.41), and "I feel inferior" (t=1.62, p=.11). Therefore, these symptoms are coincidental between couples. In the difference of physical and psychological symptoms of pregnancy experienced by subjects according to general characteristics, there were not significant differences. In the relationship between physical and psychological symptoms experienced by subjects, there were statistically significant correlations between subject's physical symptoms and psychological symptoms (r=.54, p< .001; r=.78, p< .001). CONCLUSION: Physical and psychological symptoms of pregnancy experienced by pregnant couples are an issue for nurses who perform an important role in the care of pregnant women and their spouses
Body Weight ; Family Characteristics* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Seoul ; Spouses

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a physical exercise program using elastic bands in rural area women. METHOD: This study adopted a pre-post test design. The subjects were 89 rural area women who were selected from four community health care centers. The physical exercise program was executed 30 times for 10 weeks (3 times a week) from August 23 to October 31, 2003. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the attitude of physical exercise (t=-5.517, p=.000). In the degree of joint pain, there were significant differences in the flextion and extension of the shoulder joint (t=2.557, p=.020; t=5.625, p=.000), and there was a significant difference in the flextion of the knee joint (t=4.747, 0=.000) but there was no significant difference in the extension of the knee joint (t=1.795, p=.083). CONCLUSION: Physical exercise programs need to be implemented and spread continuously.
Arthralgia* ; Community Health Services ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Exercise* ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Shoulder Joint

Cystic lymphangiomas of the stomach are extremely rare. These usually present as asymptomatic, polypoid lesion consisting of cystically dilated lymphatic vessels, which are submucosal in location. We report a case of cystic lymphangioma of the stomach. The patient is a 55 year-old woman who has complained of dull pain on epigastrium for 10 years. The mass measures 6x5 cm in cross diameter and is mainly located in the subserosal layer along lesser curvature. Microscopically, the tumor reveals a large number of dilated lymphatic cysts containing serous fluid, lined by a layer of flattened endothelial cells. Ultrastructurally, lining endothelial cells show thin discontinuous basal lamina, in contrast to normal lymphatics.
Female ; Humans ; Cysts

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a sexuality education course of study for students in the lower grades of elementary school. METHOD: On the basis of the sexuality education guidebook for elementary school students published by Korea Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, the state-designated textbooks for first to third grade were analyzed. RESULTS: 1) In the category of physical and psychological development, physical development and psychosexual development content were covered, but not sexual health content. 2) In the category of understanding of human relationship, marriage and family, and the opposite sex and love were presented but self-determination and selection were only partially presented. 3) In the category of sexual culture and sexual ethics, sexual role in society was covered, but not social environment or equality of the sexes. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that content on sexuality which is not covered in textbooks for students in lower grades should be included in other school courses or activities in class.
Education ; Ethics ; Humans ; Korea ; Love ; Marriage ; Psychosexual Development ; Reproductive Health ; Sexuality* ; Social Environment ; Staff Development ; Child Health

No abstract available.
Anemia, Hypoplastic, Congenital*

The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptional difference of sexual image and sexual role between male and female students at the university level.. Questionnaires were collected from 418 students of H University in Kangwon-do, Korea from September to December 1999. The research tools were Sexual Image(Joo,1996, Cronbach's aloha=.83) and Sexual Role (Chang,1989, Cronbach's aloha=.93). Data were analyzed by SPSS-PC. The results of this study were as follows: According to factors of sexual image, the average score of sexual attitude was 3.06, that of sexual evaluation was 2.41, and that of sexual curiosity was 2.18, therefore university students had a high degree of curiosity but also had a relatively more exclusive image related to sexuality; there was a significant difference in sexual image between male and female students (t=10.99, p=0.010), male students were perceived to have a higher sexual curiosity and more positive sexual image than female students; the average score of sexual role was 2.21, that appeared to be a moderately progressive tendency; there was a significant difference in sexual role between male and female students (t=260.46, p=0.000), female students were apt to be more progressive in sexual role than male students. According to the above results, curriculum development and the application of at university would be necessary to develop and apply some liberal courses and workshop programs so that students and professors could prepare to identify ideal sexual roles and sexual images.
Curriculum ; Education ; Exploratory Behavior ; Female* ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sexuality

This study is concerned with the classifcation of Korean adult mandibular condyles on the basis of the shape of their anteroposterior view. The results were as follows ; 1. Morphological variations are classified into 4 groups. The percentage of each group has been : flat, 7.7% ; convex, 47.2% ; angled, 14.8% ; round, 30.3%. 2. The location of the highest point were as follows : in the lateral third, 15.5% ; middle third, 80.3% ; medial third, 4.2%. 3. The maximum transverse diameter and greatest height were 20.3±2.4mm and 6.5±1.5mm, respectively.
Adult* ; Classification* ; Humans ; Mandibular Condyle*