The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth and development of tooth germ and dental arch related to the bone growth during the fetal period. From 70 maxillae and 61 mandibles of the fetus aged 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 months, X-ray films were taken and measured. The results were as follows; 1. There was remarkable bone growth in the anterior and posterior area of palatum osseum, that were the interior portion of both deciduous canines anteriorly and the intero-posterior portion of both deciduous second molars posteriorly, where there was active bone growth and radiate formation of bony trabecylae was found. 2. The Growth of anterior tooth germ was greater than that of posterior germ, so anterior tooth germs were crowded. Especially in maxilla, the tooth germa of deciduous lateral incisors were located inside of dental arch and the tooth gerka of decoduous canines were located outside of dental arch. 3. Crowding amount increased with the fetal age because the growth of tooth germs was grdater than that of jow bone. 4. In the growth of upper dental arch, the increase of width was greater than that of length. 5. There was proportional relationship beween the arce of Palatal Trapezoid and the fetal age.
Bone Development ; Crowding ; Dental Arch* ; Fetus* ; Gestational Age ; Growth and Development* ; Humans* ; Incisor ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Tooth Germ* ; Tooth* ; X-Ray Film

No abstract available.

Epidural hematoma (EDH) is relatively rare in newborn infants and frequently associated with instrumental deliveries or other complications during labor and delivery. Although surgical evacuation has been the most common therapy, many other procedures have been suggested. Although many epidural hematomas require surgical evacuation rather than non-surgical management, the conservatiob or aspiration of hematoma have been attempted. In the case of EDH associated with cephalhematoma, aspiration of cephalhematoma could be attempted because frequent features of these combination were communication between these hematoma. We report a case of successful nonsurgical management for epidural hematoma through the aspiration of accompanying cephalhematoma in a five-day-old newborn infant.
Hematoma ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Retropharyngeal Abscess

Congenital muscle fiber type disproportion (CFTD) has been described as a form of congenital myopathy characterized by the smallness and marked predominance of type 1 fibers in a muscle biopsy. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, nonprogressive muscle weakness, joint contractures, and skeletal deformities. However, it has also been noted that the same pathologic alterations appeared in clinically diverse conditions. Recently, we experienced a family, a mother and two children, in which a muscle biopsy showed the mother to have muscle fiber type disproportion. This case was unusual in that there was a significant progression of weakness, an absence of neonatal hypotonia, and other commonly associated musculo-skeletal deformities. In this report, we describe the clinicopathologic features of the family with a brief review about muscle fiber type disproportion.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Muscle Fibers/pathology* ; Muscular Diseases/pathology ; Muscular Diseases/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: to describe our experience and examine the frequency of gynecologic laparoscopy complication performed in a secondary care hospital. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 262 patients were treated by gynecologic laparoscopy (mean age 43 yrs). Period of study were from March 2003 through March 2005 in one teaching hospital. Data were analyzed using SPSS for windows software. Frequency and descriptive statistics were calculated. RESULTS: The overall number of complication in 262 laparoscopies was 16 (6.1%). 5 ureter injuries, 3 stump disruption, 2 troca site hematoma, 1 bladder injury, 1 small bowel injury, 1 post operative bowel obstruction, 1 leg neuropathy, 1 leg weakness, 1 massive bleeding. The complication rates were analysed by type of surgery. We evaluated correlation with variable factors. Our complication rates were higher to those reported in the literature and were significantly different by type of surgery. Complications were related to variable factors of blood transfusion and anesthetic time. CONCLUSION: The complication rate occurred at higher rates in our institution. All patients complications developed were treated and none sustained long-term morbidity. However, operative laparoscopy should be performed carefully. Early recognition of injuries, preferably intraoperatively, with immediate appropriate treatment is crucial. It is also important to be alert to early manifestations of complications in the postoperative observation period.
Blood Transfusion ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Laparoscopy* ; Leg ; Retrospective Studies ; Secondary Care ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of increased aminotransferase levels and to identify associated factors in children admitted to hospital with urinary tract infections (UTIs). METHODS: The study included children with a diagnosis of UTI who were admitted to the Konyang University Hospital from January 2007 to May 2011. The total number of patients was 249 and the mean age was 15.88+/-28.21 months. UTI was defined as a positive urine culture (>105/colony forming unit [CFU]) with pyrexia. Patients were treated by intravenous antibiotics, such as ampicillin/sulbactam, aminoglycoside, cephalosporins or vancomycin. Patients with neonatal jaundice or other liver disease were excluded. We investigated the relationship of aminotransferase levels with the type of antibiotic, degree of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and causative organisms. RESULTS: Children with increased aminotransferase levels were younger than those with normal levels (p=0.001), but white blood cell count, platelet count, causative organisms, type of antibiotics and presence of VUR were not associated with aminotransferase levels. Aminotransferase levels became normal within 1 month after discharge without special measures, except in 1 case. CONCLUSION: We found that many children with UTI have abnormal aminotransferase levels. In most cases, this change is mild and self-limiting. We conclude that increased aminotransferase level increase during UTI do not require unnecessary tests and excessive treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cephalosporins ; Child ; Fever ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; Leukocyte Count ; Liver Diseases ; Liver Function Tests ; Platelet Count ; Prevalence ; Sepsis ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vancomycin ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Anomalous left pulmonary artery(pulmonary artery sling) is a congenital anomaly in which the vascular structure arises either from the posterior surface of the right pulmonary artery, or from the main pulmonary artery and courses to the left lung between the posterior surface of the trachea and the anterior surface of the esophagus. It may compress on the tracheobronchial tree causing significant symptoms on the part of the respiratory system such as dyspnea, stridor, or cyanosis. It is a rare condition leading to death in the first months of life, if it is not corrected. We present a case of pulmonary sling who was suffering from recurrent lower respiratory tract diseases, expiratory wheezing, and intermittent dyspnea since birth, thus she was treated for bronchial asthma. We confirmed the diagnosis with computerized tomography, especially with three dimensional reconstruction, which provided information regarding the spatial relationship between the anomalous pulmonary artery branch and the trachea and bronchi.
Arteries ; Asthma* ; Bronchi ; Cyanosis ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Esophagus ; Lung ; Parturition ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Respiratory Sounds ; Respiratory System ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Trachea

PURPOSE: Recent reports showed that plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) could be a useful biomarker of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) unresponsiveness and coronary artery lesion (CAL) development in Kawasaki disease (KD). The levels of these peptides are critically influenced by age; hence, the normal range and upper limits for infants and children are different. We performed an age-adjusted analysis of plasma NT-proBNP level to validate its clinical use in the diagnosis of KD. METHODS: The data of 131 patients with KD were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups—group I (high NT-proBNP group) and group II (normal NT-proBNP group)—comprising patients with NT-proBNP concentrations higher and lower than the 95th percentile of the reference value, respectively. We compared the laboratory data, responsiveness to IVIG, and the risk of CAL in both groups. RESULTS: Group I showed significantly higher white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, C-reactive protein level, aspartate aminotransferase level, and troponin-I level than group II (P<0.05). The risk of CAL was also significantly higher in group I (odds ratio, 5.78; P=0.012). IVIG unresponsiveness in group I was three times that in group II (odds ratio, 3.35; P=0.005). CONCLUSION: Age-adjusted analysis of plasma NT-proBNP level could be helpful in predicting IVIG unresponsiveness and risk of CAL development in patients with KD.
Aspartate Aminotransferases ; C-Reactive Protein ; Child ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Infant ; Leukocyte Count ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Neutrophils ; Peptides ; Plasma* ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies ; Troponin I

PURPOSE: Our society is becoming more interested in domestic violence and proper care of those victims is required. This study was designed to develop a model of countermeasure against domestic violence that can be used in emergency department. METHODS: This prospective, clinical study was performed from Dec. 2000 to Aug. 2001 at the emergency department, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital. Fifty-five patients of the 1665 female trauma patients were found to be victims of domestic violence during study period. We investigated the frequency of domestic violence in the patient's past, whether a weapon had been used, whether the assailant was an alcohol abuser, and whether he assaulted the victim in a drunken state or not. We analyzed correlation between these factors and severity injury of the patients. RESULTS: The average ISS of patients was 2.90+/-2.82, and 14 patients(25.8%) were admitted to hospital for treatment. Eighteen victims were reported to the police. Fourteen patients were injured with weapons, and in those cases, ISS and the hospital admission rates were marginallly higher than those not involving weapons(p=0.099). Police report rates in the weapon-using cases were 64.3%(9 people), which was considerably higher than those of nonweapons cases, 22.0%(p=0.007). No significant correlations exsisted between severity of patient's injury and frequency of domestic violence experienced in her past, assailant's alcohol history, and drunken assaulter. CONCLUSION: When weapons were involved, the police report rates were considerably higher. The medical personnel should immediately evaluate the patients's condition and provide a plan for her safety.
Domestic Violence* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Female ; Humans ; Police ; Prospective Studies ; Weapons

PURPOSE: Among the many factors associated with acute intestinal mucosal infection, numerous studies have proposed the usefulness of fecal calprotectin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of fecal calprotectin in the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). METHODS: We collected 154 stool samples from 16 very low birth weight and premature newborns at the Konyang University Hospital neonatal intensive care unit or neonatal nursery. The stool samples were collected using the Calprest device, and the fecal calprotectin level was measured with the BUHLMANN Calprotectin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS: Fecal calprotectin levels were significantly higher in the NEC group than in the non-NEC group (P=0.02). There was a significant positive linear relationship between the fecal calprotectin level and number of days after birth (P=0.00) in the gestational age <26 weeks group. There was a significant negative linear relationship between the calprotectin level and number of days after birth (P=0.03) in the gestational age > or =26 weeks and <30 weeks group. There was no difference in the calprotectin levels according to the type and method of feeding between the NEC and non-NEC groups. CONCLUSION: Fecal calprotectin levels were significantly increased in premature infants with NEC. The fecal calprotectin test is a noninvasive, easy, and useful tool for the diagnosis of NEC.
Diagnosis ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex* ; Nurseries ; Parturition